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Patterns of medication use for the treatment of menopausal symptoms before and after the women’s health initiative;implications for decision-making practices of women and women’s health professionals

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Health 2011年第7期3卷 416-422页

作者： chioma uzoigwe smith Srini Rajagopalan Shiva Sajjan Shuvayu Sankar Sen Wenchen Kenneth Wu Henry Hu 不详

Background: The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) published findings in 2002 that changed the perception of the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Menopausal women using HRT for the relief of vasomotor symptoms were advised to use the lowest possible dose of HRT over the shortest possible duration. Objective: This study sought to examine patterns of HRT use for the treatment of menopausal symptoms before and after the WHI among women at least 40 years of age. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a total of 1367 women in the pre-WHI group and 6467 women in the post-WHI group using the U.S. General Electric (GE) Centricity electronic medical record database. Menopause diagnosis was assessed using ICD-9 codes. Clinical characteristics and medication use were assessed for women with at least 3 years of enrollment (1 year baseline, 2 years follow-up). Results: The proportion of women in the post-WHI group that initiated HRT was significantly less than that of women in the pre-WHI group (31.3% vs. 56.9%, respectively;p < 0.001). Combination HRT use declined significantly (21.9% pre-WHI cohort vs. 7.2% post- WHI cohort, p < 0.001) among increases in non-HRT use, namely SSRIs (15.2% pre-WHI cohort v. 22.3% post-WHI cohort, p < 0.001) and tranquilizers (9.5% pre-WHI cohort v. 15.8% post-WHI cohort, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the WHI 2002 publication made an impression on the perception of HRT’s role in the relief of menopausal symptoms. Decision-making on the part of women seeking treatment for vasomotor symptoms and women’s health professionals demonstrates that despite HRT precautions, women continue to exhibit a need for HRT use. This study’s findings suggest that women seeking treatment for menopausal symptom relief and women’s health professionals continue to work together to find the appropriate balance between therapy use and adherence to therapy use guidelines.

关键词： Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Women’s Health Menopause

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Patents and intellectual property in orthopaedics and arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： Chika Edward uzoigwe Ahmed Shoaib Department of Medicine Harcourt HouseSheffield S101DGUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Huddersfield Royal InfirmaryHuddersfield HD33EAUnited Kingdom

The provision of musculoskeletal services comes at a *** is,in part,due to the expense of patent-protected orthopaedic ***,patents have a finite *** of the most successful implants are now beginning to *** will be exposed to competition from generic but equivalent *** net effect is potentially a dramatic diminution in *** company,Orthimo,has taken advantage of this and begun manufacturing generic implants with identical design specifications to the most bio-durable hip *** will ultimately have a radical impact upon musculoskeletal healthcare provision with regard to cost and *** expiration of drug patents,with the subsequent use of generic drugs saves£7.1 billion annually in the United Kingdom and$254 billion in the *** suggest the introduction of equivalent implants could result in an annual cost saving to the United Kingdom National Health Service of£120 *** property remains an enigmatic area of *** encompasses anodyne principles that seek to protect innovation but are open to manipulation and *** last decade has seen the emergence of undesirable practices in the medical industry such as"patent trolling".Here we explore patents and their repercussions for musculoskeletal care.

关键词： Patent Arthroplasty Patent trolling Implant approval Intellectual property Health care costs

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Developmental dysplasia of the hip in the newborn: A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第2期4卷 32-41页

作者： Vivek Gulati Kelechi Eseonu Junaid Sayani Nizar Ismail Chika uzoigwe Muhammed Zaki Choudhury Pooja Gulati Adeel Aqil Saket Tibrewal Department of Orthopaedic Sur-gery Imperial College NHS Trust London W6 8RF United Kingdom Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Leicester Royal Infirmary Infirmary Square Leicester LE1 5WW United Kingdom Department of Orthopaedic Sur-gery Birmingham Healthcare Trust Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TH United Kingdom London Rheumatology Rotation London W6 8RF United Kingdom

Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) denotes a wide spectrum of conditions ranging from subtle acetabular dysplasia to irreducible hip dislocations. Clinical diagnostic tests complement ultrasound imaging in allowing diagnosis, classification and monitoring of this condition. Classification systems relate to the alpha and beta angles in addition to the dynamic coverage index(DCI). Screening programmes for DDH show considerable geographic variation; certain risk factors have been identified which necessitate ultrasound assessment of the newborn. The treatment of DDH has undergone significant evolution, but the current gold standard is still the Pavlik harness. Duration of Pavlik harness treatment has been reported to range from 3 to 9.3 mo. The beta angle, DCI and the superior/lateral femoral head displacement can be assessed via ultrasound to estimate the likelihood of success. Success rates of between 7% and 99% have been reported when using the harness to treat DDH. Avascular necrosis remains the most devastating complication of harness usage with a reported rate of between 0% and 28%. Alternative non-surgical treatment methods used for DDH include devices proposed by LeD amany, Frejka, Lorenz and Ortolani. The Rosen splint and Wagner stocking have also been used for DDH treatment. Surgical treatment for DDH comprises open reduction alongside a combination of femoral or pelvic osteotomies. Femoral osteotomies are carried out in cases of excessive anteversion or valgus deformity of the femoral neck. The two principal pelvic osteotomies most commonly performed are the Salter osteotomy and Pemberton acetabuloplasty. Serious surgical complications include epiphyseal damage, sciatic nerve damage and femoral neck fracture.

关键词： Developmental dysplasia of the hip Congenital Pavlik harness Ultrasound screening Pelvic osteotomy

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Substrate colonization and relative abundance of immature forms of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in river Mada, Nasarawa State Nigeria

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Advances in Entomology 2013年第2期1卷 24-28页

作者： Ndubisi Raphael uzoigwe Chukwuemaka Ikechukwu Njoku Gideon Aduk Amuga Jael Asabe Yohanna Department of Biological Sciences Nasarawa State University Keffi Nigeria Department of Zoology University of Jos Jos Nigeria Epidemiology and Control Division Onchocerciasis Research Department Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR) Vom Nigeria

Black flies, vectors of Onchocercavolvulus, are known to colonize fast flowing sections of rivers.A study on aspects of ecology of immature forms of black flies was conducted at River Mada. Larvae and Pupae of the Genus: Simulium were prospected on natural substrates found at various water currents along the course of the river over a 12-month period. Larvae of six speciesand pupae of three species were identified colonizing different substrates in the river. A total of 443 larvae and 142 pupae were collected, and thepeak month of collection was April. 405 (91.4%) larvae were identified as *** sl while 38 (8.6%) comprised S. adersi, ***, ***, S. bovisand ***. 110 (77.5%) of the pupae collected were *** while 32 (22.5%) were ***, and ***. The larvae unlike pupae appeared to be non discriminatory in substrate colonization and current preference. Paucity of the population of immature forms is observed and attributed primarily to scarcity of suitable substrates and other factors also discussed herein.

关键词： Black Flies Colonization Immature Forms Mada River Relative Abundance Substrates

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Management of achilles tendon injury: A current concepts systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第4期6卷 380-386页

作者： Vivek Gulati Matthew Jaggard Shafic Said Al-Nammari Chika uzoigwe Pooja Gulati Nizar Ismail Charles Gibbons Chinmay Gupte Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Imperial College

Achilles tendon rupture has been on the rise over recent years due to a variety of reasons. It is a debilitating injury with a protracted and sometimes incomplete recovery. Management strategy is a controversial topic and evidence supporting a definite approach is limited. Opinion is divided between surgical repair and conservative immobilisation in conjunction with functional orthoses. A systematic search of the literature was performed. Pubmed, Medline and EmB ase databases were searched for Achilles tendon and a variety of synonymous terms. A recent wealth of reporting suggests that conservative regimens with early weight bearing or mobilisation have equivalent or improved rates of re-rupture to operative regimes. The application of dynamic ultrasound assessment of tendon gap may prove crucial in minimising re-rupture and improving outcomes. Studies employing functional assessments have found equivalent function between operative and conservative treatments. However, no specific tests in peak power, push off strength or athletic performance have been reported and whether an advantage in operative treatment exists remains undetermined.

关键词： Orthopaedic surgery Achilles tendon injury Sports injury Tendon rupture Conservative management

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Insecticidal Activity of Crude Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens(Bush Mint)on Anopheles Mosquitoes Collected from Lafia,Nasarawa State,Nigeria

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Journal of Zoological Research 2022年第3期4卷 7-12页

作者： Aliyu,A.A. Ombugadu,A. Ezuluebo,V.C. Ahmed,H.O. Ashigar,A.M. Ayuba,S.O. Aimankhu,O.P. Maikenti,J.I. Odey,S.A. Pam,V.A. uzoigwe,N.R. Osuagwu,O.S. Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceFederal University of LafiaP.M.B.146LafiaNasarawa StateNigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceFederal University of LafiaP.M.B.146LafiaNasarawa StateNigeria

Anopheles gambiae is a vector that is responsible for the transmission of malaria parasites which causes high morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and the world at ***-vector contact can be reduced by the use of conventional repellents being sold in the market,though some of these repellent are not environmentally friendly and *** have developed resistance to some of these *** this end,the phytochemical constituents and insecticidal activity of crude extracts of Hyptis suaveolens(bush mint)was determined on adult *** mosquitoes collected from Lafia,Nasarawa State,Nigeria to evaluate its effect in controlling ***,70%ethanolic and diethyl ether fat crude extracts were made from *** dried leaves and used to carry out the *** phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoid,saponins,tannins,steroids and reducing *** was not detected in the ethanol *** steroids was detected in diethyl ether extract the rest of the phytochemical tested were *** larvae were collected from the field and were raised to F1 progeny adults that were used for the *** protocol for carrying out human bait repellency cage test was *** hand treated with the extracts was exposed to a cage containing 30 female mosquitoes for each of the extracts *** ethanolic crude extract treatment proved to be more effective in repelling mosquitoes with 0%(0/30)mosquito landing than diethyl ether extract which had 40%(12/30)mosquitoes landing and the control hand(untreated left hand)had the highest landing rate 63.3%(19/30)which showed very high significant difference(χ^(2)=27.2619,df=2,P<0.00001)in relation to the *** 24 hours holding period,the mortality rate of exposed mosquitoes was observed to be highest in the ethanolic treatment 73.3%(22/30).In conclusion,*** extracts have repellency potential in controlling adult ***.

关键词： Anopheles gambiae Hyptis suaveolens Phytochemicals Ethanolic crude extract Diethyl ether crude extract Repellency Mortality Lafia

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Effectiveness of Gardnerella vaginalis culture and Nugent scoring in identifying bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women

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Infectious Diseases Research 2023年第2期4卷 14-24页

作者： Chijioke Ogomegbunam Ezeigwe George Uchenna Eleje Chidebe Christian Anikwe David Chibuike Ikwuka Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala Kindness Chidi Irikannu Emeka Philip Igbodike Emmanuel Umegbolu Ngozichukwu Uzoewulu Olufunke Onaadepo Malarchy Ekwunife Nwankwo Onyecherelam Monday Ogelle Choice Chinemerem Nworgu Jide Uzowulu uzoigwe Ifeoma Frances Okwuonu Chisom Godswill Chigbo LazarusUgochukwu Okafor Chinekwu Sochukwu Anyaoku Chukwuemeka Okwudili Ezeama Charlotte Blanche Oguejiofor Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital NnewiAnambra State 435001Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi campus 435001Nigeria Department of Human Physiology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi Campus 435001Nigeria Department of Medical Physiology University of RwandaHuye CampusHuye 0000Rwanda Department of Parasitology and Entomology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka 420007Nigeria Department of Outpatient Department General Hospital Oji River 401145Enugu StateNigeria Department of Medical Microbiology/Parasitology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi campus 435001Nigeria Department of Physiology University of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnugu 410001Nigeria Department of School of Public Health University of Port-HarcourtRivers State 500004Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital NnewiAnambra State 435001Nigeria.

Background:Bacterial vaginosis(BV),a lower genital tract syndrome,has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes and is regarded as the prevalent type of vaginal infection in females of childbearing ***:To determine the accuracy of Nugent scoring and Gardnerella vaginalis culture in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis(BV)among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital,Nnewi,***:This cross-sectional study evaluated biospecimen from 333 pregnant women enrolled through systematic random sampling *** of vaginal discharge were tested for BV infection using Amsel’s criteria,Nugent’s score and culture of *** Amsel’s criteria as a“gold standard”,the Nugent’s score and culture of *** were ***:Prevalence of 26.12%,25.82% and 28.20% of BV was found using Amsel criteria,Nugent’s method and culture of ***,*** statistical relationship exists between socio-demographic characteristics and BV(P>0.05).Sexual exposure,and vaginal hygienic practices influences BV(P<0.05)infection and also with fishy odor during or after sexual intercourse,Gardnerella morphotypes,Bacteroides morphotypes and BV(P<0.05).An inverse relationship existed between lactobacilli morphotypes and *** prevalence of HIV was 5.41% and 16 out of 18 had BV diagnosed using Amsel *** method correlated strongly with Amsel criteria(P<0.05).In comparison with Amsel criteria,it had 78.16% sensitivity,92.68% specificity,79.07% positive predictive value,92.31% negative predictive value and 88.89% accuracy *** was in contrast distinction to the culture of ***,which had 56.32%sensitivity,81.70% specificity,52.13% positive predictive value,84.10% negative predictive value and 75.08% accuracy ***:Nugent method correlated strongly with Amsel criteria(P<0.05)and had 78.16% sensitivity,92.68% specificity,79.07% positive predictive value,92.31% negative

关键词： Amsel criteria bacterial vaginosis Gardnerella vaginalis Nugent score pregnant women prevalence HIV

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Composition and Distribution of Mosquito Vectors in a Peri-Urban Community Surrounding an Institution of Learning in Lafia Metropolis,Nasarawa State,Central Nigeria

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Journal of Zoological Research 2022年第3期4卷 20-31页

作者： Ombugadu,A. Jibril,A.B. Mwansat,G.S. Njila,H.L. Attah,A.S. Pam,V.A. Benson,R.F. Maikenti,J.I. Deme,G.G. Echor,B.O. Ayim,J.O. uzoigwe,N.R. Adejoh,V.A. Ahmed,H.O. Aimankhu,O.P. Da’an,S.A. Lapang,M.P. Kure,M.S. Samuel,M.D. Nkup,C.D. Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceFederal University of LafiaLafiaNasarawa StateNigeria Department of Zoology Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of JosJosPlateau StateNigeria Department of Science Laboratory Technology Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of JosJosPlateau StateNigeria State Key Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100101China A.P.Leventis Ornithological Research Institute University of Jos Biological ConservatoryP.O.Box 13404LamingaJos-EastPlateau StateNigeria Department of Natural Science Oswald Waller College of Education LifidiP.O.Box 39Shendam LGAPlateau StateNigeria Department of Biology School of Biological SciencesFederal University of TechnologyOwerriImo StateNigeria Department of Biology College of ArtsScience and TechnologyKurgwiQua’an Pan LGAPlateau StateNigeria

Vector surveillance is very key in solving mosquito-borne health problems in *** this end,the composition and distribution of mosquito vectors in a peri-urban community surrounding an institution of learning in Lafia metropolis,Nasarawa State,Central Nigeria was carried out between December 2016 and June *** Prokopack Aspirator was used to collect indoor resting mosquitoes between 6:00 *** 9:00 *** 30 randomly selected *** collected were knocked down and transferred into a well labelled petri-dish and taken to the laboratory for processing.A total of 664 mosquitoes were collected which spread across Culex quinquefasciatus 572(86.14%),Anopheles gambiae 88(13.25%)and Aedes aegypti 4(0.60%).The abundance of mosquitoes in relation to seasons,species,sex,abdominal conditions as well as transmission indices across seasons significantly varied(P0.05).The inhabitants of the area should ensure that all drainages flow through so as to reduce mosquito breeding ***,members of the community should always protect themselves by sleeping under insecticide treated bed nets.

关键词： Mosquitoes Peri-urban area Institution Prokopack Aspirator House types Lafia

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Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Bufonidae(Toad)Venom Crude Extract on Trypanosoma brucei brucei in Swiss Mice

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Journal of Zoological Research 2022年第2期4卷 31-47页

作者： Ezeobi,A.J. Pam,V.A. uzoigwe,N.R. Omalu,I.C.J. Ombugadu,A. Ahmed,H.O. Ameh,S.F. Tanko,N.S. Adejoh,V.A. Attah,A.S. Ayim,J.O. Daramola,O.S. Aimankhu,P.O. Maikenti,J.I. Ajah,L.J. Ayuba,S.O. Aliyu,A.A. Ashigar,M.A. Odey,S.A. Anyebe,G.E. Kure,M.S. Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceFederal University of LafiaP.M.B.146LafiaNasarawa StateNigeria Department of Animal Biology(Parasitology and Tropical Diseases Research Unit) Federal University of TechnologyMinnaNiger StateNigeria Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and DevelopmentFederal Capital TerritoryAbujaNigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceFederal University of LafiaP.M.B.146LafiaNasarawa StateNigeria

Trypanosomiasis afflicts about 6~7 million people globally and to a large extent impedes livestock production in ***,trypanosomal parasites undergo genetic mutation and have developed resistance over a wide range of *** utilization of animals and plants products has presented therapeutic potential for identifying novel anti-trypanosomal *** study evaluated toad venom for anti-trypanosomal potency in-vivo in Swiss *** were collected from July to August *** acute oral toxicity and biochemical characterization of the toad venom were *** experimental mice were administered various doses(130 mg/kg,173 mg/kg and 217 mg/kg)of the toad venom crude extract and 0.75 mg/mL of Diamizan Plus standard drug for the treatment of trypanosomiasis,once daily for 3 *** in-vivo anti-trypanosomal activity was evaluated by a curative test,after infecting the mice with Trypanosoma brucei *** pre-patent period was 72 hours before treatment *** overall results showed that trypanosomal load was highest in the control group while the group treated with Diamizan drug had the least trypanosomal *** such,the mean trypanosomal load in relation to treatments showed a very high significant difference(P0.05)across treatment *** over 50%reduction in the trypanosomal load in the 130 mg/kg group in comparison with the control group brings to bare the anti-trypanosomal potency of the toad *** anti-trypanosomal activity demonstrated by the toad venom has provided basis for development of new therapeutic agents from different toad *** study recommends further stu

关键词： Bufonidae Toxicity Biochemical characterization of toad venoms Anti-trypanosomal potency of toad venom Trypanosoma brucei brucei Swiss Mice Haematological parameters

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