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A Mathematical Model of an Evaporative Cooling Pad Using Sintered Nigerian Clay

Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第11期11卷 1113-1120页

作者： Chukwuneke Jeremiah Lekwuwa Ajike Chinagorom Ogbu Achebe chinonso Hubert Okolie Paul Chukwulozie Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University PMB 5025 Awka Nigeria

Overtime, reduction in the amount of heat generated in engineering systems in operations have been of great concern and have continuously been under study. It is in line with the above that this research work developed a mathematical model of an evaporative cooling pad using sintered Nigerian clay. A physical model of the evaporative cooling phenomenon was developed followed by the derivation of the governing equations describing the energy and mass transfer for the clay model from the laws of conservation of continuum mechanics. A set of reasonable and appropriate as-sumptions were imposed upon the physical model. Constitutive relationships were also developed for further analysis of the developed equations. The finite element model of numerical methods was used to analyse the energy transfer governing equations which resulted in the determination of the temperature of the exposed boundary surface at any given time, t2 after the commencement of the evaporative cooling processes. In this paper, it was found out that surface temperature differences could be as much as 6?C in the first cycle of evaporative cooling with the potential of further reduction. Further, an equation for the prediction of the effectiveness of an evaporative cooling system using clay modeled cooling pads was developed. The findings in this research work can be applied in the design, construction and maintenance of evaporative coolers used to dissipate waste heat when a large amount of natural water is not readily available or if for environmental and safety reasons the large water body can no longer absorb waste heat.

关键词： Evaporative Cooling Nigerian Clay Finite Difference Model Energy Transfer Cooling Pad Moulded Clay Material Heat Transfer Refrigeration Temperature

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Air Pollution Prediction in Warri and Its Environs Using Quality Parameters

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第6期14卷 531-546页

作者： Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede chinonso Oliver Mbaoma Aluya Duncan Iyogbon Adedoyin Ayorinde Adebayo Efe Jeffery Isukuru Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology College of Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria

Air pollution is a major environmental problem in the Niger Delta Area (NDA) of Nigeria primarily due to oil and gas-related operational activities. Identifiable sources of air pollution in the NDA include gas flaring, vehicle emissions from internal combustion engines, crude oil pollution, etc. The aim of this research is to evaluate the concentration of air pollutants from crude oil-related activities using air quality parameters in Warri during seasons peculiar to the area of study. The Warri metropolis, one of Nigeria’s largest oil cities, was the sampling region under research in this study. An Aeroqual handheld mobile multi-gas monitor fitted with different sensors of (Carbon Monoxide (CO), air quality multi-meter for Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Volatile Organic (VOC), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Ammonia (NH3), Methane (CH4), and air quality index (AQI), was used for the collection of air quality parameter. Linear regression was used to create the model, which was then used to predict the extent of pollution in the locations of study. The average mean concentrations of air pollutants such as CO, NO2, CH4, VOC, NH4, and SO2 were measured at all sampling sites during wet and dry seasons. The results showed that the levels of these pollutants were above the WHO permissible limits for the majority of the air quality parameters studied in all sixteen locations. The concentration levels of most of the pollutants were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The study also found that the pollutants were mainly from fossil fuel combustion and road traffic emissions. Overall, the research provided monitoring data for all air quality pollutants under investigation in the study area and demonstrated that these concentrations exceed regulatory guidelines.

关键词： Geostatistics Air Pollution Fossil Fuel Combustion Environmental Monitoring

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Kinetics of Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Water Dispersed by Environment-Friendly Bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Fungi (Aspergillus niger)

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2023年第1期13卷 19-35页

作者： Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell Mbah Gordian Onyebuchukwu Okeke Elochukwu chinonso Igwilo Christopher Nnaemeka Eze Kenneth Afamefuna Department of Chemical Engineering Enugu State University of Science and Technology ESUT Enugu Nigeria Department of Science Laboratory Technology Federal College of Agriculture P.M.B. Ishiagu Nigeria

The comparative effectiveness of remediating water polluted with crude oil, using environment-friendly bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Aspergillus niger) were investigated. The samples were separately treated with Aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bioremediation kinetic efficiency for these systems was studied. At the end of the bioremediation periods, the oil and grease content of the samples decreased from 47.0 mg/L in the untreated sample to 7.0 mg/L after 20 days when inoculated with bacteria while the sample inoculated with fungi decreased to 10.0 mg/L. Post analysis when inoculated with bacteria showed a fall in the value of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) from 73.84 mg/L to 33.28 mg/L after 20 days, while, the fungi inoculated sample showed a reduction from 73.84 mg/L to 38.48 mg/L. The biodegradation process with the bacteria was consistent with the pseudo-first-order model with a rate constant of 0.0891 day-1, while the biodegradation process with the fungi was consistent with the first order reaction model with a rate constant of 0.422 day-1. The degree of degradation after the 20th day of inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 85.11%, while with Aspergillus niger was 78.72%. Thus, the results obtained showed that, Pseudomonas aeruginosa performed better than Aspergillus niger. The bioremediation data with fungi fitted the first-order model, while that of the bacteria fitted the pseudo-first-order model. Therefore, the data obtained in this study could be applied in the design of a bioremediation system for potential application to remediation of crude oil polluted water.

关键词： Bioremediation Aspergillus niger Pseudomonas aeruginosa Crude Oil Oil Contaminated Water Kinetics

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Soil Carbon Sequestrations in Forest Soils in Relation to Parent Material and Soil Depth in South-Eastern Nigeria

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第4期9卷 400-409页

作者： chinonso Millicent Chris-Emenyonu Emmanuel Uzoma Onweremadu John Didacus Njoku Chioma Mildred Ahukaemere Benarden Ngozi Aririguzo Department of Soil Science and Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Environmental Management Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

There has been increased interest in soil organic carbon in recent times because of its role in carbon sequestration. Different parent materials affect soil properties and hence will influence how much carbon is sequestered by soil. The study was conducted in June 2019 to investigate soil carbon stock in forest soils with respect to their parent materials in three States in South-eastern Nigeria. Sampling was aided by the location map of the area and free soil survey method was used to locate sampling points. 0ne profile was dug in each location and described using the Food and Agricultural Organization guideline. A total of twelve soil samples were collected and analyzed for selected properties. Results showed that sand content was significantly higher in soils under coastal plain sands (851.96 g·kg−1) and was lowest in soils of Imo clay shale (605.60 g·kg−1). Clay content was higher in soils of Imo clay shale (277.34 g·kg−1) and was lowest in coastal plain sand (118.80 g·kg−1). Silt and clay had moderate variation in coastal plain sand (>15 ≤ 35%) and high variations in Asu River and Imo clay shale (CV > 35%). The soils studied were generally acidic with values ranging (3.52) in soils formed from coastal plain sand, followed by forest soils of Imo clay shale (3.64) and Asu river group (3.85). Soil organic carbon

关键词： Carbon Sequestration Forest Soils Parent material Soil Depth

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Evaluation of Quantitative Phytochemicals, Liver Enzymes and Histological Changes in Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats Treated with Aqueous Extracts of <i>Brysocarpus coccineus</i>

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2017年第3期5卷 33-44页

作者： Kashini Andrew Nachamada Solomon Emmanuel Deborah Chioma Ejiogu chinonso Nicodemus Chima Fatima Mohammed Yahuza Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Umeh Philemon Paul Mshelia Department of Human Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Medical SciencesAhmadu Bello University ZariaNigeria Department of Human Physiology College of Medical SciencesAbubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchiNigeria

Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity is a major concern in patients taking anti tuberculosis treatment and prophylaxis. It can result in elevated serum liver enzymes and hepatic failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and ameliorative effects of aqueous extracts of Brysocarpus coccineus on serum liver enzymes in isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty six (36) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of six rats each and were treated orally for 30 days as follows: Group I: 1 ml/kg of distilled water;group II: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg);group III: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + Livolin forte (20 mg/kg);group IV: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (200 mg/kg);group V: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (400 mg/kg);group VI: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (800 mg/kg). At the end of the experiments, the Wistar rats were sacrificed and sera obtained for liver enzymes assay, whereas the liver tissue was also harvested and used for histological studies. Tanins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids were quantitatively present at 2.29%, 18.05%, 23.24% and 18.99%, respectively. There was an increase in the serum AST and ALT in the isoniazid treated group, which was reversed by livolin forte and the aqueous extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg, however the extracts increased the serum levels of AST and ALT at higher doses, which was however not significant (p > 0.05) when compared to the controls. There was evidence of a reduction in hepatocytes damage in the extract treated groups when compared to the Isoniazid untreated group. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of B. coccineus shows hepatoprotective effects at 200 mg/kg in isoniazid hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats.

关键词： Brysocarpus coccineus Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity Phytochemicals

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公众对中非合作的尼日利亚感受与政策构建

公众对中非合作的尼日利亚感受与政策构建

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作者：安特宏尼（Anthony chinonso Ebede）哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

过了三十年的中国经济快速增长,使让世界对中国经济快速感兴趣。过去的三十年来,中国经济发展一直依靠货物出口。当各个国家的经济遇到了放缓,而经济机遇饱和,但是在这个时刻,中国努力改制本国的经济。中国最宏伟计划是为了在世界经济... 详细信息

过了三十年的中国经济快速增长,使让世界对中国经济快速感兴趣。过去的三十年来,中国经济发展一直依靠货物出口。当各个国家的经济遇到了放缓,而经济机遇饱和,但是在这个时刻,中国努力改制本国的经济。中国最宏伟计划是为了在世界经济价值链提升本国的价值,这包括提升中国制造高技术产品的能力,还在其他国家建立低端工业化能力,也就是说,让中国变得更全球性。许多人认为这就是“一带一路”的基本思想,不仅仅是基础设施,而加上了更强的工业化。在发展中的非洲国家,世界工业化计划更适合许多非洲国家的经济策划。如今世界经济对商品需求越来越减少,因而让以前依靠自然资源出口的非洲国家寻求向工业化经济转型。见机行事,中国已承诺双赢与互不干涉的援助,这导致了更积极的经济合作时代。中华人民共和国外交部部长,王毅说“为了实现非洲的工业化,北京是非洲的最期待和可靠的长期合伙伴”。这近年来,有批评关于在非洲的中国活动,特别是从西方国家。这些批评就引起了非洲大陆对中国的动机许多怀疑。因此,本研究寻求确定非洲人民对中国在非洲大陆的经济活动的感知。而且,还着重概述了中非合作对政府政策的影响。本研究还包含了中非合作的批评和挑战,并如何用最佳解决方案,解决了这些批评和挑战。尼日利亚与中国的关系在过去十年中,从独立后即将到来的局限性和间歇性接触转变成日益复杂和全面的参与。而像六十年代和七十年代的大多数其他非洲国家一样,尼日利亚认为中国是一个不和谐的发展中国家,它对促进亚洲巨人的业务甚至特别的外交关系几乎没有什么影响。中国自身的经济和政治挑战使得当时不太可能成为发展伙伴。继邓小鹏20世纪70年代和80年代的改革政策之后,中国的戏剧性增长和现代化以及随之而来的工业,能源和市场扩张需求,使其与非洲接触更多。其新的扩展存在为许多利益相关者提供了一种伙伴关系,作为西方关系的替代模式。但是,不仅有利益相关者,包括普通百姓在内的新兴中国的“喜欢”按钮开始点击更多的新中国的地位和地位,如BBC游泳池所示:“八个国家继续对中国的影响展现出积极的看法。尼日利亚与中国的业务关系近年来出现空前的上升,双边贸易额由2005年的28亿美元,上升至2015年的149亿美元。尼日利亚占中非贸易总额的比重为8.3%中国与西非经济共同体(西非经共体)国家在2015年交易总额的百分之一。在2000年至2011年间,尼日利亚通过各种媒体报道确定了约40个中国官方发展融资项目。此外,中国对非洲国家的新焦点同样影响到两巨头的贸易关系。2000年10月,中非合作论坛第一次部长级会议在北京举行,尼日利亚高级代表出席了会议。同年,中国建设银行向阿布贾第八届全非洲运动会参加的运动员建设了5000个住房单位,并正式建成。2001年,两国签署了在尼日利亚成立尼日利亚贸易办事处,中国投资发展和贸易促进中心的协议。从2003年到2007年,尼中关系进一步加剧,胡锦涛主席和中国总理温家宝两国访问了尼日利亚,奥巴桑乔访问了中国。随着中国寻求扩大与非洲的贸易关系,她从2003年的30亿美元成为尼日利亚最重要的外国直接投资来源之一,据报中国对尼日利亚的直接投资约为100亿美元。最近在2013年,中国政府以低息贷款的形式,在尼日利亚的基础设施投资11亿美元。该贷款将用于在该国建造四个机场航站楼,并在首都阿布贾建设一条轻轨线路,另外还有17亿美元的合同,中国公司在该国建设道路。然而,分析人士认为,该国是世界上最大的石油生产国之一,其中最吸引中国人。统计显示,石油和天然气行业占中国对尼日利亚的直接投资的75%。中国正在海外投资原材料存款,并正在扩大其贸易伙伴关系,以确保定期供应Lafargue。虽然尼日利亚和中国之间的双边贸易在过去几年中有所增加,但由于出口的产品比进口的产品更多,因此出口贸易不平衡,与尼日利亚不同,尼日利亚更依赖进口商品国内消费。中国出口占2010年双边贸易总额的87.5%。这表明有必要审查尼日利亚出口到中国的关税和非关税壁垒的结构以及尼日利亚企业家在应对国际贸易机会方面面临的制约因素。尼日利亚政府应该鼓励尼日利亚政府大力直接投资尼日利亚的中国公司,能够纠正严重的贸易不平衡,为尼日利亚人提供更多就业机会,并鼓励中国在尼日利亚设立生产基地,有助于尼日利亚的国内生产总值增长,也将为进入市场的中国公司或制造所需技术的出口商带来收益。这也将增加中国国民生产总值的增长,并创造使尼日利亚成为区域贸易中心的机会。尼日利亚人应该从其他国家与中国的关系和发展政策的成败中学习,同时也要学习自己的经验。尼日利亚应进行彻底审查,调查哪些政策有利于尼日利亚的长期发展,哪些领域需要改进。中国的经济政策之一是建立经济特区。目前,中国在积极培育尼日利亚经济特区和建设更多的合作区方面也发挥了重要作用。为了举行了更深刻的研究,在尼日利亚作者发了2400问卷,采访了广泛的受访者

关键词：中国非洲尼日利亚合作影响公共感知政府策略政策形成

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Physicochemical Properties and Health Risks of Informal E-Waste Processing at Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第9期11卷 176-202页

作者： Adedoyin Olubunmi Bankole Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede Judith Ngoli Odionye Benjamin Giwa Oliver chinonso Mbaoma Bamidele Honesty Akpeji Ekaette Akpan Fadairo Efe Jeffery Isukuru Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Technology Petroleum Training Institute Effurun Nigeria

This study investigated the groundwater quality and health risks associated with informal e-waste processing in the Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria. Twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells in the market area and analyzed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. The results showed that the groundwater quality was poor, with high levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, lead, and chromium. The health index (HI) for children and adults was above the tolerable threshold levels, indicating a potential health risk to the population. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify the sources of metals in groundwater, and the results showed that informal e-waste processing was a significant source of contamination. The study highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the potential health risks associated with informal e-waste processing and ensure public health and environmental safety.

关键词： Groundwater-Quality Health Risks Informal E-Waste Processing Alaba International Market Nigeria

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Evaluation of Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetic Adults with and without Foot Ulcers in an African Population

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第12期6卷 71-78页

作者： Osita Ede Gabriel O. Eyichukwu Kenechi A. Madu Iheuko S. Ogbonnaya Kelechukwu A. Okoro chinonso Basil-Nwachuku Kelechi A. Nwokocha Department of Orthopaedics Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Background: Foot ulcers frequently precede lower extremity amputations (LEA) in diabetic subjects. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a strong risk factor for diabetic foot ulceration. Majority of diabetic patients with PN are asymptomatic;hence foot ulceration may be the first clinical presentation. Early detection of PN can forestall the development of foot ulcers through active preventive strategies. Few studies have been done to assess PN in diabetic individuals in Africa. The study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for PN in diabetic adults with and without foot ulcers in an indigenous African population. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 90 diabetic adults, 45 with foot ulcers and 45 without foot ulcers. Assessment of PN was done with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), the 10 g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM) and the 128-Hz vibrating tuning fork (VTF). Demographic data were collected by questionnaire. Associations between PN and risk factors such as age, alcohol consumption, duration of diabetes, cigarette smoking, BMI, height and sex were also investigated. Results: There were 59 males (65.6%) and 31 females (34.4%) in the study. The mean age of the subjects with foot ulcers was 59.62 years (SD = 6.47), while those without ulcers was 57.47 years (SD = 6.94). Forty-two subjects (93.33%) with foot ulcers have PN using the MNSI, while 33 subjects without foot ulcers (73.33%) have PN. Both the SWM and the VTF showed a high positive correlation with themselves and with the MNSI. Advancing age, duration of diabetes, alcohol intake, hyperglycaemia and cigarette smoking showed a significant association with peripheral neuropathy, while BMI, height and sex did not. Conclusion: The incidence of PN is quite high in diabetic adults in Africa. This calls for early screening and aggressive control of risk factors to prevent the development of diabetic foot ulceration.

关键词： Peripheral Neuropathy African Diabetic Adults Foot Ulcers

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Artificial intelligence and robotics:Skills and strategies for library and information professionals in the 4IR

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Data Science and Informetrics 2022年第2期2卷 116-122页

作者： Justice chinonso Ujoumunna Chidaka O.Nyemezu Blessing Esuru Ahiauzu Liverpool University Center for Archives Studies University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK Department of Library and Information Science Rivers State UniversityPort HarcourtNigeria

Introduction No doubt the recent transition to the fourth industrial revolution characterized by the digital economy and the concept of 21;century trends has adversely affected so many professions and their *** affected professions includes Library and Information Science and their practices just like other disciplines so much so that all fields of academic disciplines now transcend from the old analogue.

关键词： doubt academic profession

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Examination of Common Occupational Hazards among Healthcare Workers in a University Healthcare Center in Southeastern Nigeria

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Health 2022年第8期14卷 833-852页

作者： David Chinaecherem Innocent Chiagoziem Ogazirilem Emerole Cosmas Nnadozie Ezejindu Ugonma Winnie Dozie Sophia Ifechidere Obani Anthony chinonso Uwandu-Uzoma Chidozie Joachim Nwaokoro Mary Ulumma Udeh Stanley Chinedu Eneh Angelica Chinecherem Uwaezuoke Keside Marizu Iwuji Samson Adiaetok Udoewah Promise Nwanyinma Uzowuihe Vivian Chidimma Maduekwe Department of Public Health Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Public Health Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Department of Environmental Toxicology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Nursing & Healthcare Leadership Faculty of Health Studies University of Bradford West Yorkshire UK Department of Community Health Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Environmental Management Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria

Background: Healthcare workers are challenged by an imposing group of occupational hazards. These hazards include exposure to biological and non-biological hazards like ionizing radiation, stress, injury, infectious agents, and chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess common occupational hazards among health workers at the Department of Health Services (DHS), Federal University of Technology, Owerri. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the study, and a self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The SPSS Version 22.0 software was used for the analysis of the descriptive statistics obtained from the study. This study included both clinical and non-clinical health workers. A purposive sampling technique was used in recruiting a total of 94 respondents who participated in the study from September 2020 to April 2021. Results: A total of 94 respondents who participated in the study and among the participants, 33.3% (31) of the respondents were aged 31 - 40 years, and the majority of the health workers, 43.6% (41) had stayed between 1 - 5 years. Also, 92.6% (87) of the health workers have heard of occupational hazards. The study showed that 84.0% (79) of health workers had good knowledge of common occupational hazards. Biological hazards among health workers are 47.9% (45) cuts and wounds, 29.8% (28) direct contact with contaminated specimens/hazardous materials, and 26.6% (26) sharp related injuries, while for non-biological hazards, 44.7% (42) have slipped, tripped or fallen, and 35.1% (33) have been stressed. Common safety measures include 86.2% (81) washing their hands regularly;78.7% (74) using hand gloves;and 85.1% (80) agreeing they use face masks. Conclusion: Despite good knowledge of occupational hazards, participants at DHS were faced with certain hazards. It is recommended that the university, government, and policymakers revise and implement actions to provide health workers at DHS with equipment to e

关键词： Hazards Occupational Hazards Health Workers Knowledge Safety Risk

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