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Predictors of fifty days in-hospital mortality in decompensated cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第12期8卷 566-572页

作者： chinmaya kumar bal Ripu Daman Vikram Bhatia Depart-ment of Hepatology Institute of Liver and Biliary Science

AIM: To determine the predictors of 50 d in-hospital mortality in decompensated cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).METHODS: Two hundred and eighteen patients admitted to an intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital between June 2013 and June 2014 with the diagnosis of SBP(during hospitalization) and cirrhosis were retrospectively analysed. SBP was diagnosed by abdominal paracentesis in the presence of polymorphonuclear cell count ≥ 250 cells/mm3 in the peritoneal fluid. Student's t test, multivariate logistic regression, cox proportional hazard ratio(HR), receiver operating characteristics(ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were utilized for statistical analysis. Predictive abilities of several variables identified by multivariate analysis were compared using the area under ROC curve. P < 0.05 were considered statistical significant. RESULTS: The 50 d in-hospital mortality rate attributable to SBP is 43.11%(n = 94). Median survival duration for those who died was 9 d. In univariate analysis acute kidney injury(AKI), hepatic encephalopathy, septic shock, serum bilirubin, international normalized ratio, aspartate transaminase, and model for end-stage liver disease- sodium(MELD-Na) were significantly associated with in- hospital mortality in patients with SBP(P ≤ 0.001). Multivariate coxproportional regression analysis showed AKI(HR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.36-3.42, P = 0.001) septic shock(HR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.05-2.83, P = 0.029) MELD-Na(HR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.02-1.09, P ≤ 0.001) was significantly associated with 50 d in-hospital mortality. The prognostic accuracy for AKI, MELD-Na and septic shock was 77%, 74% and 71% respectively associated with 50 d inhospital mortality in SBP ***: AKI, MELD-Na and septic shock were predictors of 50 d in-hospital mortality in decompensated cirrhosis patients with SBP.

关键词： Decompensated cirrhosis Acute kidney injury Model for end-stage liver disease sodium Septic shock Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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Study of damage behavior and repair effectiveness of patch repaired carbon fiber laminate under quasi-static indentation loading

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 29-41页

作者： Alok kumar chinmaya kumar Sahoo A.Arockiarajan Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

Damage caused due to low-velocity impacts in composites leads to substantial deterioration in their residual strength and eventually provokes structural *** work presents an experimental investigation on the effects of different patch and parent laminate stacking sequences on the enhancement of impact strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers(CFRP)composites by utilising the adhesively bonded external patch repair *** evolution study is also performed with the aid of Acoustic Emission(AE).Two different quasi-isotropic configurations were selected for the parent laminate,viz.,[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]*** Static Indentation(QSI)test was performed on both the pristine laminates,and damage areas were detected by using the C-scan inspection *** laminates were repaired by using a single-sided patch of two different configurations,viz.,[45°/45°/45°/45°]and[45°/0°/0°/45°],and employing a circular plug to fill the damaged *** different combinations of repaired laminates with two configurations of each parent and patch laminate were produced,which were further subjected to the QSI *** results reveal the effectiveness of the repair method,as all the repaired laminates show higher impact resistance compared to the respective pristine *** of[45°/0°/0°/45°]configuration when repaired by taking[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s as parents exhibited 68%and 73%higher peak loads,respectively,than the respective pristine ***,parent and patch of configuration[45°/0°/45°/0°]s and[45°/0°/0°/45°],respectively,attain the highest peak load,whereas[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/45°/45°/45°]combinations possess the most gradual decrease in the load.

关键词： Carbon fiber reinforced polymers(CFRP) Quasi-isotropic laminate Quasi static indentation(QSI) Acoustic emission(AE) Composite repair

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Hybrid Approach for Cost Efficient Application Placement in Fog-Cloud Computing Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4127-4148页

作者： Abdulelah Alwabel chinmaya kumar Swain Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Management and Information TechnologyCuttackBPUTOdishaIndia

Fog computing has recently developed as a new paradigm with the aim of addressing time-sensitive applications better than with cloud computing by placing and processing tasks in close proximity to the data ***,the majority of the fog nodes in this environment are geographically scattered with resources that are limited in terms of capabilities compared to cloud nodes,thus making the application placement problem more complex than that in cloud *** approach for cost-efficient application placement in fog-cloud computing environments that combines the benefits of both fog and cloud computing to optimize the placement of applications and services while minimizing *** approach is particularly relevant in scenarios where latency,resource constraints,and cost considerations are crucial factors for the deployment of *** this study,we propose a hybrid approach that combines a genetic algorithm(GA)with the Flamingo Search Algorithm(FSA)to place application modules while minimizing *** consider four cost-types for application deployment:Computation,communication,energy consumption,and *** proposed hybrid approach is called GA-FSA and is designed to place the application modules considering the deadline of the application and deploy them appropriately to fog or cloud nodes to curtail the overall cost of the *** extensive simulation is conducted to assess the performance of the proposed approach compared to other state-of-the-art *** results demonstrate that GA-FSA approach is superior to the other approaches with respect to task guarantee ratio(TGR)and total cost.

关键词： Placement mechanism application module placement fog computing cloud computing genetic algorithm flamingo search algorithm

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An Approach to Optimize the Path of Humanoids using Adaptive Ant Colony Optimization

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第4期15卷 623-635页

作者： chinmaya Sahu Dayal R. Parhi Priyadarshi Biplab kumar Robotics Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008 Odisha India

In the emerging area of humanoid robotics, path planning and autonomous navigation have evolved as one of the most promising area of research. This paper deals with the design and development of a novel navigational controller to guide humanoids in cluttered envi- ronments. The basic parameters of the ant colony optimization technique have been modified to have enhanced control as Adaptive Ant Colony Optimization （AACO）. The controller that has been implemented in the humanoids receives sensory information about obstacle distances as inputs and provides required turning angle as output to reach the specified target position. The proposed controller has been tested in both simulated and experimental environments created trader laboratory conditions, and a good agreement has been observed between the simulation and experiment results. Here, both static and dynamic path planning have been attempted. Finally, the proposed controller has also been tested against other existing techniques to validate the efficiency of the AACO in path planning problems.

关键词： navigation path planning humanoid robot AACO Petri-net bionics

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Changes of woody species diversity, horizontal and vertical distribution of stems across interior to outside within a primate rich habitat of Northeast India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第4期27卷 787-798页

作者： Koushik Majumdar bal Krishan Choudhary Badal kumar Datta Plant Taxonomy and Biodiversity Lab. Department of Botany Tripura University

The interior forest of protected area（PA）recover quickly in terms of greater diversity and structural complexity than peripheral and outsides, which may be due to high plant-frugivore interactions in the interior forest than the disturbed outsides. To describe the structural and functional differences in tree communities from interior to outside forests with in small PA, we quantitatively analyzed the vegetation of Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, a rich primate habitat of Northeast India. Vegetation was sampled at C10 cm girth at breast height by 10 m 9 500 m sized20 line transects（10 ha） laid in the interior（N = 7）,peripheral（N = 7） and outside（N = 6） zones of this sanctuary. All transects were ordinated by Principal Component Analysis based on correlation between diversity and existing disturbance indices. We found significant differences（P ／ 0.05） in taxonomic richness and diversity indices between the habitat. Van diagram confirmed greater unique species richness in the interior zone（64） than peripheral（28） and outside（6） zones. Overall density（ha-1） did not differed across the zones, but basal area（m2ha-1） was significantly（P ／ 0.01） high in peripheral zone. Vertical distribution of stem density was linearly declined across zones（r2adj[ 0.70; P ／ 0.01） with increase in the canopy height. Horizontal distribution of adult stems showed significant inverse quadratic relationship（r2adj[ 0.80; P ／ 0.001）, which suggests very low density of canopy forming voluminous trees in the interior *** protection, restoration and management of interior regions are required to preserve local plant genetic diversity and also to maintain suitable habitat for threatened wildlife.

关键词： interior outside habitat restoration Northeast disturbance quickly inverse preserve quadratic

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Effects of 42-year long-term fertilizer management on soil phosphorus availability, fractionation,adsorption–desorption isotherm and plant uptake in flooded tropical rice

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The Crop Journal 2015年第5期3卷 387-395页

作者： Pratap Bhattacharyya Amaresh kumar Nayak Mohammad Shahid Rahul Tripathi Sangita Mohanty Anjani kumar Rajagounder Raja Bipin Bihari Panda Banwari Lal Priyanka Gautam chinmaya kumar Swain Koushik Singha Roy Pradeep kumar Dash Division of Crop Production Central Rice Research Institute

Soil phosphorus(P) fractionation, adsorption, and desorption isotherm, and rice yield and P uptake were investigated in flooded tropical rice(Oryza sativa L.) following 42-year fertilizer and manure application. The treatments included low-input [unfertilized control without N, P, or K(C0N0)], farmyard manure(FYM)(C1N0), NP(C0NP), NPK(C0NPK), FYM + NP(C1NP), and high-input treatment, FYM + NPK(C1NPK). Grain yield was increased significantly by 74%over the control under the combined application of FYM + NPK. However, under low- and high-input treatments, yield as well as P uptake was maintained at constant levels for 35 *** the same period, high yield levels and P uptake were maintained under the C0 NP, C0 NPK,and C1 NPK treatments. These are unique characteristics of a tropical flooded ecosystem, which is a self-sustaining system for rice production. The Fe–P fraction was highest compared to the Ca–P and Al–P fractions after 42 years of fertilizer application and was significantly higher under FYM + NPK treatment. The P adsorption capacity of soil was highest under the low-input treatment and lowest under long-term balanced fertilization(FYM + NPK). In contrast, P desorption capacity was highest under NPK and lowest in the control treatment. Long-term balanced fertilization in the form of FYM + NPK for 42 years lowered the bonding energy and adsorption capacity for P in soil but increased its desorption potential, increasing P availability to the plant and leading to higher P uptake and yield maintenance.

关键词： Long-term fertilization Phosphorus adsorption Phos

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Feasibility of Al−TiC coating on AZ91 magnesium alloy by TIG alloying method for tribological application

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2020年第6期30卷 1550-1559页

作者： chinmaya kumar PADHEE Manoj MASANTA A.K.MONDAL Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela 769008India Department of Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)VaranasiVaranasi 221005India

An attempt was made to improve the surface properties of the AZ91 Mg alloy through surface alloying of a mixture of Al and TiC with the help of TIG arc as heat *** microstructural evolution of the alloyed layer on the AZ91 alloy was analysed through SEM and XRD *** micro-hardness and the dry sliding wear behaviour were assessed by Vickers micro-hardness tester and pin-on-disc wear test setup,*** is revealed that almost uniform alloyed layer forms on the AZ91 alloy substrate for a specific current and scan speed employed in the present *** alloyed layer exhibits hardness value up to 305 HV0.25,and almost negligible wear as compared to the as-received AZ91 alloy substrate.

关键词： AZ91 magnesium alloy Al-TiC coating TIG alloying micro-hardness dry sliding wear

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Hetero-gate-dielectric double gate junctionless transistor(HGJLT)with reduced band-to-band tunnelling effects in subthreshold regime

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第6期35卷 19-25页

作者： Bahniman Ghosh Partha Mondal M.W.Akram Punyasloka bal Akshay kumar Salimath Microelectronics Research Center 10100 Burnet RoadUniversity of Texas at Austin Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

We propose a hetero-gate-dielectric double gate junctionless transistor （HGJLT）, taking high-k gate insulator at source side and low-k gate insulator at drain side, which reduces the effects ＆band-to-band tunnelling （BTBT） in the sub-threshold region. A junctionless transistor （JLT） is turned off by the depletion of carriers in the highly doped thin channel （device layer） which results in a significant band overlap between the valence band of the channel region and the conduction band of the drain region, due to off-state drain bias, that triggers electrons to tunnel from the valence band of the channel region to the conduction band of the drain region leaving behind holes in the *** effects of band-to-band tunnelling increase the sub-threshold leakage current, and the accumulation of holes in the channel forms a parasitic bipolar junction transistor （n-p-n BJT for channel JLT） in the lateral direction by the source （emitter）, channel （base） and drain （collector） regions in JLT structure in off-state. The proposed HGJLT reduces the subthreshold leakage current and suppresses the parasitic BJT action in off-state by reducing the band-to-band tunnelling probability.

关键词： hetero-gate-dielectric double gate junctionless transistor band-to-band tunnelling off-state

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Carbon and water footprints of major crop production in India

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Pedosphere 2023年第3期33卷 448-462页

作者： Amaresh kumar NAYAK Rahul TRIPATHI Manish DEBNATH chinmaya kumar SWAIN Biswaranjan DHAL Shanmugam VIJAYkumar Anshuman Debasis NAYAK Sangita MOHANTY Mohammad SHAHID Anjani kumar Manoj RAJAK Khitish Chandra MOHARANA Dibyendu CHATTERJEE Susmita MUNDA Pravat GURU Rubina KHANAM Banwari LAL Priyanka GAUTAM Suschismita PATTANAIK Arvind kumar SHUKLA Nuala FITTON Pete SMITH Himanshu PATHAK Indian Council of Agriculture Research(ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006(India) ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute Avikanagar 304501(India) ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel Bikaner 304001(India) ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science Bhopal 462038(India) Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UU(UK)

Scarcity of water and emission of greenhouse gases(GHGs)are the two key environmental issues affecting crop production in *** the carbon footprint(CF)and water footprint(WF)of crop production can help to mitigate the environmental hazards that stem from GHG emissions and water *** CFs and WFs of three major cereal crops,rice,wheat,and maize,were estimated for the year 2014 under the environmental conditions in India,based on national statistics and other data *** CFs(TCFs)of rice,wheat,and maize in India were estimated to be 2.44,1.27,and 0.80 t CO_(2)equivalent ha-1,respectively,and product WFs for rice,wheat,and maize in India were 3.52,1.59,and 2.06 m3 kg^(-1),*** WF was found to be the highest in West India for rice and in South India for both wheat and maize,with the highest irrigation water use in these *** was a positive correlation between TCF and total WF,and hence mitigation of both was possibly simultaneous in various regions in *** measures for mitigating GHG emissions and optimizing water use for rice,wheat,and maize production in India are recommended in this paper.

关键词： cereal crop crop planning green water footprint greenhouse gas emission water productivity water use

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Magnetohydrodynamics convective flow in a vertical slot through a porous medium

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2012年第5期2卷 33-38页

作者： Rajnish kumar bal G.Prasad Department of Applied Mathematics Birla Institute of TechnologyPatna CampusMesra BiharIndia Department of Mathematics B.N.CollegePatna UniversityBiharIndia

An analysis is presented with magnetohydrodynamics natural convective flow of a viscous Newtonian fluid saturated porous medium in a vertical slot. The flow in the porous media has been modeled using the Brinkman model. The fully-developed two-dimensional flow from capped to open ends is considered for which a continuum of solutions is obtained. The influence of pertinent parame-ters on the flow is delineated and appropriate conclusions are drawn. The asymptotic behaviour and the volume flux are analyzed and incorporated graphically for the three-parameter family of solution.

关键词： natural convection porous medium magnetohydrodynamics Brinkman model vertical slot

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