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Out of sight, out of mind: a distance-aware forgetting strategy for adaptive random testing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第9期60卷 78-98页

作者： Chengying MAO Tsong yueh CHEN Fei-ching KUO School of Software and Communication Engineering Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology

Adaptive random testing(ART) achieves better failure-detection effectiveness than random testing by increasing the diversity of test cases. However, the intention of ensuring even spread of test cases inevitably causes an overhead problem. Although two basic forgetting strategies(i.e. random forgetting and consecutive retention) were proposed to reduce the computation cost of ART, they only considered the temporal distribution of test cases. In the paper, we presented a distance-aware forgetting strategy for the fixed size candidate set version of ART(DF-FSCS), in which the spatial distribution of test cases is taken into consideration. For a given candidate, the test cases out of its "sight" are ignored to reduce the distance computation cost. At the same time, the dynamic adjustment for partitioning and the second-round forgetting are adopted to ensure the linear complexity of DF-FSCS algorithm. Both simulation analysis and empirical study are employed to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of DF-FSCS. The experimental results show that DF-FSCS significantly outperforms the classical ART algorithm FSCS-ART in efficiency, and has comparable failure-detection effectiveness. Compared with two basic forgetting methods, DF-FSCS is better in both efficiency and effectiveness. In contrast with a typical linear-time ART algorithm RBCVT-Fast, our algorithm requires less computational overhead and exhibits the similar failure-detection capability. In addition, DF-FSCS has more reliable performance than RBCVT-Fast in detecting failures for the programs with high-dimensional input domain.

关键词： adaptive random testing software testing test cases computational overhead diversity

A revisit of three studies related to random testing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 49-57页

作者： CHEN Tsong yueh KUO Fei-ching TOWEY Dave ZHOU Zhi Quan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology School of Computer Science The University of Nottingham Ningbo China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Wollongong

Software testing is an approach that ensures the quality of software through execution, with a goal being to reveal failures and other problems as quickly as possible. Test case selection is a fundamental issue in software testing, and has generated a large body of research, especially with regards to the effectiveness of random testing(RT), where test cases are randomly selected from the software’s input domain. In this paper, we revisit three of our previous studies. The first study investigated a sufficient condition for partition testing(PT)to outperform RT, and was motivated by various controversial and conflicting results suggesting that sometimes PT performed better than RT, and sometimes the opposite. The second study aimed at enhancing RT itself, and was motivated by the fact that RT continues to be a fundamental and popular testing technique. This second study enhanced RT fault detection effectiveness by making use of the common observation that failure-causing inputs tend to cluster together, and resulted in a new family of RT techniques: adaptive random testing(ART),which is random testing with an even spread of test cases across the input domain. Following the successful use of failure-causing region contiguity insights to develop ART, we conducted a third study on how to make use of other characteristics of failure-causing inputs to develop more effective test case selection strategies. This third study revealed how best to approach testing strategies when certain characteristics of the failure-causing inputs are known, and produced some interesting and important results. In revisiting these three previous studies, we explore their unexpected commonalities, and identify diversity as a key concept underlying their *** observation further prompted us to examine whether or not such a concept plays a role in other areas of software testing, and our conclusion is that, yes, diversity appears to be one of the most important concepts in the fie

关键词： adaptive random testing diversity metamorphic testing proportional sampling strategy random testing software testing

Determination of Impurities and Degradation Products/Causes for <i>m</i>-Iodobenzylguanidine Using HPLC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019年第11期10卷 590-607页

作者： Wei-Hsi Chen Yu Chang ching-yun Lee Shiu-Wen Liu Wen-ching Wu Tsai-yueh Luo Chemistry Division Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Taiwan Technology Promotion Center Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Taiwan

m-Iodobenzylguanidinium hemisulfate (MIBGHS) is a precursor in the preparation of radioiodine-labeled m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), which is used as a radio-imaging and therapy agent for neuroendocrine tumors and myocardial sympathetic nerve function. To ensure the quality and efficacy of the medicine and prevent side effects, the precursor purity, source of impurity, and derivatives have to be determined. In this study, the purity of synthesized MIBGHS and the amount of contaminants therein were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection, gradient eluted by ammonium formate aqueous solution and acetonitrile mobile phase on both C8 and phenyl type column. The impurities were identified on the basis of molecular and fragmented ion mass spectra using of electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed the presence of process-related impurities including m-bromobenzylguanidine (MBrBG) and overreacted byproducts. Stress test results indicated that MIBGHS is stable under acidic and dry thermal conditions for at least 72 h but MIBG aqueous solution was deteriorated slowly when exposed to UV light, thermal, oxidative and alkaline environments. Thus, m-iodobenzylamine, the starting material intended for the synthesis of MIBGHS should be analyzed to ensure that it is free from m-bromobenzylamine impurity. Stored under normal condition (-18°C), MIBGHS is stable for at least 12 months. The chemically labile guanidine and amine groups in MIBGHS are the major causes of its instability, while iodide loss from the phenyl group is a minor cause.

关键词： MIBG m-Iodobenzylguanidine Neuroendocrine Tumor Degradation Derivative Impurity Identification Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Resistance projection welding for TO-Can style package

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2009年第4期22卷 255-262页

作者： Her-yueh Huang Kuang-Hung Tseng Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Formosa University Department of Materials Engineering National Pingtung University of Science and Technology

The effects of the process parameters on the joint quality of TO-Can using resistance projection welding were investigated. A capacitor discharge stored energy welding machine was used for joining caps and headers both coated with nickel SPCC steel. The electrode materials used in this study were brass and W- Cu alloy. Experimental results indicated that the peak current of the W-Cu electrode was higher than that of the brass electrode, irrespective of the operating pressure variation. Increased operating pressure influenced the interfacial heat generation and nugget formation. The nugget area increased rapidly with increasing charging voltage, resulting in expulsions and electrodes getting stuck. An acceptable welding zone was found in the relationship between the charging voltage and the operating pressure. Representative test specimens of the acceptable welding zone satisfactorily passed the helium leak test. The microscopic morphology of the nugget showed a recrystallized fine grain structure resulting in the nugget being harder than with the HAZ.

关键词： Projection welding TO-Can Process parameters Acceptable welding zone Helium leak test

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of population-based screening of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparing ultrasonography with two-stage screening

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3460-3470页

作者： Ming-Jeng Kuo Hsiu-Hsi Chen Chi-Ling Chen Jean ching-Yuan Fann Sam Li-Sheng Chen Sherry yueh-Hsia Chiu Yu-Min Lin Chao-Sheng Liao Hung-Chuen Chang yueh-Shih Lin Amy Ming-Fang Yen Department of Hepatogastroenterology Tainan Municipal Hospital Tainan 701 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei 100 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei 100 Taiwan Department of Health Industry Management School of Healthcare Management Kainan University Taoyuan 338 Taiwan School of Oral Hygiene College of Oral Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department and Graduate Institute of Health Care Management Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital Taipei 111 Taiwan angder Health Clinics Taipei 111 Taiwan

AIM: To assess the cost-effectiveness of two populationbased hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) screening programs, two-stage biomarker-ultrasound method and mass screening using abdominal ultrasonography(AUS).METHODS: In this study, we applied a Markov decision model with a societal perspective and a lifetime horizon for the general population-based cohorts in an area with high HCC incidence, such as Taiwan. The accuracy of biomarkers and ultrasonography was estimated from published meta-analyses. The costs of surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment were based on a combination of published literature, Medicare payments, and medical expenditure at the National Taiwan University Hospital. The main outcome measure was cost per lifeyear gained with a 3% annual discount rate. RESULTS: The results show that the mass screening using AUS was associated with an incremental costeffectiveness ratio of USD39825 per life-year gained, whereas two-stage screening was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of USD49733 per life-year gained, as compared with no screening. Screening programs with an initial screening age of 50 years old and biennial screening interval were the most cost-effective. These findings were sensitive to the costs of screening tools and the specificity of biomarker ***: Mass screening using AUS is more cost effective than two-stage biomarker-ultrasound screening. The most optimal strategy is an initial screening age at 50 years old with a 2-year inter-screening interval.

关键词： Two-stage biomarker-ultrasound screening One-stage abdominal ultrasonography screening Markov model Cost-effectiveness Sensitivity analysis Age

Metamorphic testing as a test case selection strategy

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第5期59卷 24-25页

作者： Dave TOWEY yunwei DONG Chang-Ai SUN Tsong yueh CHEN School of Computer Science The University of Nottingham Ningbo China School of Computer Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology

Software testing is a well-known and popular approach to ensuring quality *** involves execution of the software under test(SUT),in an attempt to either offer some degree of confidence that the software is relatively bug free,or to actually uncover bugs or problems(called failures).Software testing has been studied for many years,and has generated a large body of approaches,methods,and techniques[1].An assumption underlying many of these approaches,however,is

关键词： Oracle Metamorphic testing as a test case selection strategy MT test case

Application of quantitative estimates of fecal hemoglobin concentration for risk prediction of colorectal neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第45期19卷 8366-8372页

作者： Chao-Sheng Liao Yu-Min Lin Hung-Chuen Chang Yu-Hung Chen Lee-Won Chong Chun-Hao Chen yueh-Shih Lin Kuo-ching Yang Chia-Hui Shih Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital Taipei 111 Taiwan School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 24205 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital Taipei 111 Taiwan Health Management Center Shin Kong Wu HoSu Memorial Hospital Taipei 111 Taiwan Chang Gung Institute of Technology School of Nursing Tao-Yuan 333 Taiwan

AIM:To determine the role of the fecal immunochemical test(FIT),used to evaluate fecal hemoglobin concentration,in the prediction of histological grade and risk of colorectal ***:We enrolled 17881 individuals who attended the two-step colorectal cancer screening program in a single hospital between January 2010 and October *** was recommended to the participants with an FIT of≥12 ngHb/mL *** classified colorectal lesions as cancer(C),advanced adenoma(AA),adenoma(A),and others(O)by their colonoscopic and histological *** linear regression analysis adjusted for age and gender was used to determine the association between the FIT results and colorectal tumor *** risk of adenomatous neoplasia was estimated by calculating the positive predictive values for different FIT ***:The positive rate of the FIT was 10.9%(1948/17881).The attendance rate for colonoscopy was 63.1%(1229/1948).The number of false positive results was *** these 1229 cases,the numbers of O,A,AA,and C were 759,221,201,and 48,*** analysis revealed a positive association between histological grade and FIT concentration(β=0.088,P0.95,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Higher FIT concentrations are associated with more advanced histological *** prediction for colorectal neoplasia based on individual FIT concentrations is significant and may help to improve the performance of screening programs.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Fecal immunochemical test Screening Risk prediction Performance

3D-printed microelectronics for integrated circuitry and passive wireless sensors

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2015年第1期1卷 119-127页

作者： Sung-yueh Wu Chen Yang Wensyang Hsu Liwei Lin Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010 Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center(BSAC) University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Three-dimensional(3D)additive manufacturing techniques have been utilized to make 3D electrical components,such as resistors,capacitors,and inductors,as well as circuits and passive wireless *** the fused deposition modeling technology and a multiple-nozzle system with a printing resolution of 30μm,3D structures with both supporting and sacrificial structures are *** removing the sacrificial materials,suspensions with silver particles are injected subsequently solidified to form metallic elements/*** prototype results show good characteristics of fabricated 3D microelectronics components,including an inductor–capacitor-resonant tank circuitry with a resonance frequency at 0.53 GHz.A 3D“smart cap”with an embedded inductor–capacitor tank as the wireless passive sensor was demonstrated to monitor the quality of liquid food(e.g.,milk and juice)*** result shows a 4.3%resonance frequency shift from milk stored in the room temperature environment for 36 *** work establishes an innovative approach to construct arbitrary 3D systems with embedded electrical structures as integrated circuitry for various applications,including the demonstrated passive wireless sensors.

关键词： additive manufacturing radio-frequency passive sensors 3D inductors and capacitors three-dimensional printing wireless sensing

Rare solitary splenic metastasis from a thymic carcinoma detected on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第15期10卷 5072-5076页

作者： yueh-Hsun Tsai Kuan-Hsun Lin Tsai-Wang Huang Department of Surgery Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan

BACKGROUND Thymic carcinoma is a rare,aggressive tumor arising from the *** less than 7%of patients with thymic carcinoma,extrathoracic metastases occur in the extrathoracic lymph nodes,liver,and *** splenic metastasis can occur but is very *** date,only 2 cases of splenic metastases from thymic carcinoma have been *** SUMMARY A 45-year-old man presented with chronic cough,dyspnea,persistent hoarseness and unintentional weight loss 17 kgs in 6 *** magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large,lobulated,soft-tissue mass measuring 5.4 cm×6.6 cm×3.8 cm which involved the left superior mediastinum and supraclavicular *** computed tomography(CT)revealed a confluent and lobulated soft tissue mass encased the right brachiocephalic artery,right and left carotid arteries,and left subclavian artery in the mediastinum.A fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography was arranged for malignancy *** image revealed intense fluorodeoxyglucose avidity in a soft tissue lobulated mass occupying the superior mediastinum,over the cystic lesion in the spleen and in few enlarged nodules over the left supraclavicular ***-guided biopsy of the thymic mass and the ultrasound-guided biopsy of the splenic lesion were consistent with a thymic carcinoma with splenic *** patient was diagnosed of thymic carcinoma,cT2N2M1b,stage *** A fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)-positron emission tomography(PET)scan can provide a useful diagnostic value in conjunction with pathological result in evaluating tumor *** case emphasizes the utility of FDG-PET for metastasis detection in thymic carcinoma.

关键词： Thymic carcinoma Splenic metastasis Positron emission tomography Extrathoracic metastases Mediastinal tumor Case report