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Spontaneous mutations and mutational responses to penicillin treatment in the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae D39

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 198-211页

作者： Wanyue Jiang Tongtong Lin Jiao Pan Caitlyn ERivera Clayton Tincher Yaohai wang Yu Zhang Xiang Gao Yan wang ho‑ching T.Tsui Malcolm E.Winkler Michael Lynch hongan Long Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity KLMMEOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Department of Biology Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA School of Mathematics Science Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Microbial Technology InstituteSchool of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA

Bacteria with functional DNA repair systems are expected to have low mutation rates due to strong natural selection for genomic ***,our study of the wild-type Streptococcus pneumoniae D39,a pathogen responsible for many common diseases,revealed a high spontaneous mutation rate of 0.02 per genome per cell division in mutation-accumulation(MA)*** rate is orders of magnitude higher than that of other non-mutator bacteria and is characterized by a high mutation bias in the A/T *** high mutation rate may have resulted from a reduction in the overall efficiency of selection,conferred by the tiny effective population size in *** line with this,*** D39 also exhibited the lowest DNA mismatch-repair(MMR)efficiency among *** with the antibiotic penicillin did not elevate the mutation rate,as penicillin did not induce DNA damage and *** lacks a stress response *** findings suggested that the MA results are applicable to within-host scenarios and provide insights into pathogen evolution.

关键词： Neutral evolution Mutation spectrum Antibiotics DNA mismatch repair Oxidative damage repair

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Characterization of a smog chamber for studying formation of gas-phase products and secondary organic aerosol

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 570-582页

作者： Qi Yuan Zhuozhi Zhang Meng wang Kin Fai ho Tao wang Shuncheng Lee Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Smog chambers provide a potent approach to explore the secondary organic aerosol formation under varied *** study describes the construction and characterization of a new smog chamber facility for studying the formation mechanisms of gas-phase products and secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of volatile organic *** chamber is a 5.4 m^(3) Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene(FEP)Teflon reactor with the potential to perform photooxidation experiments at controlled temperature and relative *** characterizations were conducted for evaluation of stability of environmental parameters,mixing time,background contamination,light intensity,and wall losses of gases and *** photolysis rate of NO_(2)(J_(NO2))ranged from(1.02-3.32)×10^(-3)sec^(-1),comparable to the average J_(NO2)in ambient *** wall loss rates for NO,NO_(2),and O_(3)were 0.47×10^(-4),0.37×10^(-4),and 1.17×10^(-4)min^(-1),while wall loss of toluene was obsoletely found in a 6 hr *** particle number wall loss rates are(0.01-2.46)×10^(-3)min^(-1)for 40-350 nm with an average lifetime of more than one day.A series of toluene photooxidation experiments were carried out in absence of NO_xunder dry *** results of the simulation experiments demonstrated that the chamber is well designed to simulate photolysis progress in the atmosphere.

关键词： Smog chamber Gas-phase oxidation Chamber characterization Chemical mechanism

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Development and application of photocatalytic coating for roadside NO_(x) mitigation in hong Kong

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 153-157页

作者： Xinwei Li Pengge wang Shuwen Han Yu Huang Wingkei ho Steven Sai Hang ho Shun-cheng Lee Meng wang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology(SKLLQG)and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512United States

A facile chemical method for the development of photocatalytic coating products was proposed based on practical application perspective for the hong Kong roadside nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))***_(2)-based photocatalytic coating PC-C film with crystallized size of around 5–6 nm was synthesized with the peptization of H_(2)O_(2).The PC-C coating possesses a super-hydrophilicity surface and is proven to have a NO_(x)degradation rate of 46.8%with an optimum pH level of *** addition,the PC-C coating presents a promising photocatalytic NO_(x)degradation compared with other commercially available coating products and P25 when applied on two building materials of poly-methyl methacrylate(PMMA)and concrete surface.A weather resistance simulation and a 180-day on-site field trial were carried out the attenuation effects of photocatalytic coating applied in outdoor *** on epidemiological estimation and field investigation,hospital admissions for respiratory diseases(HARD)and mortality cases(MC)could be reduced with the application of PC-C coating along the street *** work demonstrates the feasibility of air pollution control measures for the local roadside NO_(x)using photocatalytic technology,offering promising health benefits with environmental remediation.

关键词： Photocatalysis Coating NO_(x) mitigation hong Kong Roadside

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The autophagy protein Atg9 functions in glia and contributes to parkinsonian symptoms in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1150-1155页

作者： Shuanglong Yi Linfang wang Margaret S.ho Shiping Zhang School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits,dopaminergic neuron loss,and brain accumulation ofα-synuclein aggregates called Lewy *** in protein degradation pathways,such as autophagy,has been demonstrated in neurons as a critical mechanism for eliminating protein aggregates in Parkinson’s ***,it is less well understood how protein aggregates are eliminated in glia,the other cell type in the *** the present study,we show that autophagy-related gene 9(Atg9),the only transmembrane protein in the autophagy machinery,is highly expressed in Drosophila glia from adult *** from immunostaining and live cell imaging analysis reveal that a portion of Atg9 localizes to the trans-Golgi network,autophagosomes,and lysosomes in ***9 is persistently in contact with these *** glial atg9 reduces the number of omegasomes and autophagosomes,and impairs autophagic substrate *** suggests that glial Atg9 participates in the early steps of autophagy,and hence the control of autophagic ***,loss of glial atg9 induces parkinsonian symptoms in Drosophila including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons,locomotion deficits,and glial *** findings identify a functional role of Atg9 in glial autophagy and establish a potential link between glial autophagy and Parkinson’s *** results may provide new insights on the underlying mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： Atg9 autophagy glia Parkinson’s disease

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Comparing 11 early warning scores and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 273-282页

作者： Rex Pui Kin Lam Zonglin Dai Eric ho Yin Lau Carrie Yuen Ting Ip ho ching Chan Lingyun Zhao Tat ChiTsang Matthew Sik hon Tsui Timothy Hudson Rainer Department of Emergency Medicine School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of 11 vital sign-based early warning scores(EWSs)and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department(ED).METhoDS:We performed a retrospective study on consecutive adult patients with an infection over 3 months in a public ED in hong *** primary outcome was sepsis(Sepsis-3 definition)within 48 h of ED *** c-statistics and the DeLong test,we compared 11 EWSs,including the National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2),Modified Early Warning Score,and Worthing Physiological Scoring System(WPS),etc.,and three shock indices(the shock index[SI],modified shock index[MSI],and diastolic shock index[DSI]),with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS)and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)in predicting the primary outcome,intensive care unit admission,and mortality at different time ***:We analyzed 601 patients,of whom 166(27.6%)developed ***2 had the highest point estimate(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[AUROC]0.75,95%CI 0.70-0.79)and was significantly better than SIRS,qSOFA,other EWSs and shock indices,except WPS,at predicting the primary ***,the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NEWS2≥5 for the prediction of sepsis were 0.45(95%CI 0.37-0.52)and 0.88(95%CI 0.85-0.91),*** discriminatory performance of all EWSs and shock indices declined when used to predict mortality at a more remote time ***:NEWS2 compared favorably with other EWSs and shock indices in early sepsis prediction but its low sensitivity at the usual cut-off point requires further modification for sepsis screening.

关键词： Sepsis Emergency department Clinical prediction rule Early warning score Shock index

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Elaborations of the influencing factors on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols in a heavily polluted urban area of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 406-417页

作者： Shuang wang Qiyuan wang Ting Zhang Suixin Liu Steven Sai Hang ho Jie Tian Hui Su Yong Zhang Luyao wang Tingting Wu Junji Cao School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi’an 710061China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNevada89512United States hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory KowloonHong Kong SARChina Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In this study,online water-soluble inorganic ions were detected to deduce the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosol in Xianyang,China during *** dominant inorganic ions of sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))(the sum of those is abbreviated as SNA)accounted for 17%,21%,and 12% of PM_(2.5)mass,*** the air quality deteriorated from excellent to poor grades,the precursor gas sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))of SO_(4)^(2-)increased and then decreased with a fluctuation,while nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))and ammonia(NH_(3)),precursors of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),and SNA show increasing *** factors including boundary layer height(BLH),temperature,and wind speed also show decline trends,except relative humidity(RH).Meanwhile,the secondary conversion ratio shows a remarkable increasing trend,indicating that there was a strong secondary *** the perspective of chemical mechanisms,RH is positively correlated with sulfur oxidation ratios(SOR),nitrogen oxidation ratios(NOR),and ammonia conversion ratios,representing that the increase of humidity could promote the generation of ***,SOR and NOR were also positively related to the *** the one hand,the low wind speed and BLH led to the accumulation of *** the other hand,the increases of RH and ammonia promoted more formations of SNA and PM_(2.5).The results advance our identification of the contributors to the haze episodes and assist to establish more efficient emission controls in Xianyang,in addition to other cities with similar emission and geographical characteristics.

关键词： Haze episodes Secondary inorganic aerosol Secondary conversion ratio Meteorological factors

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Apple polyphenol phloretin inhibits type II glucose transporter and enhances anti-HER2 antibody drug binding as an adjuvant treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Han-Sheng Chang Tzu-Chun Cheng Shih-Hsin Tu Pei-Han Liao Yu-ching Lee Chi-Tang ho Min-Hsiung Pan Li-ching Chen Yuan-Soon ho Department of Biological Science & Technology， College of Life Sciences， China Medical University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology， College of Life Sciences， China Medical University Department of Surgery， School of Medicine， College of Medicine， Taipei Medical University Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine， Taipei Medical University Department of Food Science， Rutgers University New Jersey， USA Institute of Food Sciences and Technology， Taiwan University

This study presents novel findings on the potential of phloretin， an apple polyphenol， to enhance the effectiveness of anti-HER2 antibody therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our research reveals that phloretin inhibits type II glucose transporter (GLUT2) activity， significantly reducing cancer cell glucose uptake. We confirmed the overexpression of GLUT1 and GLUT2 mRNA in paired human breast tumor tissues， with GLUT2 overexpression associated explicitly with poorer survival rates in breast cancer patients. Treatment with phloretin was observed to increase the interaction between GLUT2 and HER2 proteins， attenuate glycolysis， and enhance the binding affinity of anti-HER2 antibody drugs to target human breast cancer cells. Furthermore， the efficacy of the combination therapy involving phloretin and antibody drugs was reaffirmed in a cell-derived xenograft (CDX) tumor animal model， particularly in suppressing the growth of Trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer. These significant findings suggest that targeting GLUT2 activity with phloretin in combination with anti-HER2 antibody drugs may help mitigate the development of drug-resistant breast cancer， offering valuable insights for enhancing tumor treatment strategies and contributing to developing more effective therapies.

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Anion storing,oxygen vacancy incorporated perovskite oxide composites for high-performance aqueous dual ion hybrid supercapacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 646-655页

作者： Taehun Kang Puritut Nakhanivej Kyung Jae wang Yu Chen Yongchul G Chung ho Seok Park School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Warwick Manufacturing Group(WMG) University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUnited Kingdom School of Chemical Engineering Pusan National UniversityGeumjeong-guBusanGyeongsangnam-do 46241Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan University2066SeoburoJangan-guSuwon 440-746Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University2066SeoburoJangan-guSuwon 440-746Republic of Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology(SAIHST)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Dual ion storage hybrid supercapacitors(HsCs)are considered as a promising device to overcome the limited energy density of existing supercapacitors while preserving high power and long ***,the development of high-capacity anion-storing materials,which can be paired with fast charg-ing capacitive electrodes,lags behind cation-storing ***,we demonstrate the surface faradaic OH-storage mechanism of anion storing perovskite oxide composites and their application in high-performance dual ion *** oxygen vacancy and nanoparticle size of the reduced LaMnO_(3)(r-LaMnO_(3))were controlled,while r-LaMnO_(3) was chemically coupled with ozonated carbon nanotubes(oCNTs)for the improved anion storing capacity and cycle *** taken by in-situ and ex-situ spectroscopic and computational analyses,OH-ions are inserted into the oxygen vacancies coordi-nating with octahedral Mn with the increase in the oxidation state of Mn during the charging process or vice *** OH-storing r-LaMnO_(3)/oCNT composite with Na*storing MXene,the as-fabricated aqueous dual ion HSCs achieved the cycle performance of 73.3%over 10,000 cycles,delivering the max-imum energy and power densities of 47.5 w h kg^(-1) and 8 kw kg^(-1),respectively,far exceeding those of previously reported aqueous anion and dual ion storage *** research establishes a foundation for the unique anion storage mechanism of the defect engineered perovskite oxides and the advancement of dual ion hybrid energy storage devices with high energy and power densities.

关键词： Anion storage Dual ion storage Defect engineered perovskites Hybrid supercapacitors Nanocomposites

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p-wave resonances in the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第7期76卷 105-113页

作者： Yuan-Cheng wang Li Guang Jiao Aihua Liu Yew Kam ho Stephan Fritzsche College of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Helmholtz-Institut Jena D-07743 JenaGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH D-64291 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia SinicaTaipei 10617TaiwanChina

We perform benchmark calculations of the p-wave resonances in the exponentially cosine screened Coulomb potential using the uniform complex-scaling generalized pseudo-spectral *** present results show significant improvement in calculation accuracy compared to previous predictions and correct the misidentification of resonance electron configuration in previous *** is found that the resonance states approximately follow an n^(2)-scaling law which is similar to the bound *** birth of a new resonance would distort the trajectory of an adjacent higher-lying resonance.

关键词： complex-scaling method shape resonance generalized pseudospectral method exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential

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Optimized speed control for electric vehicles on dynamic wireless charging lanes: An eco-driving approach

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第1期7卷 52-63页

作者： Lingshu Zhong ho Sheau En Mingyang Pei Jingwen Xiong Tao wang School of Systems Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510399China Faculty of Business and Management UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering and Transportation South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230000China

As the adoption of Electric Vehicles(EVs)intensifies,two primary challenges emerge:limited range due to battery constraints and extended charging *** traditional charging stations,particularly those near highways,exacerbate these issues with necessary detours,inconsistent service levels,and unpredictable waiting *** emerging technology of dynamic wireless charging lanes(DWCLs)may alleviate range anxiety and eliminate long charging stops;however,the driving speed on DWCL significantly affects charging efficiency and effective charging ***,the existing research has addressed load balancing optimization on Dynamic Wireless Charging(DWC)systems to a limited *** address this critical issue,this study introduces an innovative eco-driving speed control strategy,providing a novel solution to the multi-objective optimization problem of speed control on *** utilize mathematical programming methods and incorporate the longitudinal dynamics of vehicles to provide an accurate physical model of *** objective functions are formulated to tackle the challenges at hand:reducing travel time,increasing charging efficiency,and achieving load balancing on DWCL,which corresponds to four control *** results of numerical tests indicate that a comprehensive control strategy,which considers all objectives,achieves a minor sacrifice in travel time reduction while significantly improving energy efficiency and load ***,by defining the energy demand and speed range through an upper operation limit,a relatively superior speed control strategy can be *** work contributes to the discourse on DWCL integration into modern transportation systems,enhancing the EV driving experience on major roads.

关键词： dynamic wireless charging(DWC) electric vehicle(EV) eco-driving speed control load balancing

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