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Out of sight, out of mind: a distance-aware forgetting strategy for adaptive random testing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第9期60卷 78-98页

作者： Chengying MAO Tsong Yueh CHEN Fei-ching kuo School of Software and Communication Engineering Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology

Adaptive random testing(ART) achieves better failure-detection effectiveness than random testing by increasing the diversity of test cases. However, the intention of ensuring even spread of test cases inevitably causes an overhead problem. Although two basic forgetting strategies(i.e. random forgetting and consecutive retention) were proposed to reduce the computation cost of ART, they only considered the temporal distribution of test cases. In the paper, we presented a distance-aware forgetting strategy for the fixed size candidate set version of ART(DF-FSCS), in which the spatial distribution of test cases is taken into consideration. For a given candidate, the test cases out of its "sight" are ignored to reduce the distance computation cost. At the same time, the dynamic adjustment for partitioning and the second-round forgetting are adopted to ensure the linear complexity of DF-FSCS algorithm. Both simulation analysis and empirical study are employed to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of DF-FSCS. The experimental results show that DF-FSCS significantly outperforms the classical ART algorithm FSCS-ART in efficiency, and has comparable failure-detection effectiveness. Compared with two basic forgetting methods, DF-FSCS is better in both efficiency and effectiveness. In contrast with a typical linear-time ART algorithm RBCVT-Fast, our algorithm requires less computational overhead and exhibits the similar failure-detection capability. In addition, DF-FSCS has more reliable performance than RBCVT-Fast in detecting failures for the programs with high-dimensional input domain.

关键词： adaptive random testing software testing test cases computational overhead diversity

A new design of groundwater sampling device and its application

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第5期17卷 838-841页

作者： Yih-Jin Tsai Ming-ching T. kuo Department of Environmental Resources Engineering Diwan College of ManagementDepartment of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering "National" Cheng Kung University No. 87-1 Nansh Li Madou Tainan Taiwan ChinaTainan Taiwan China

Compounds in the atmosphere contaminate samples of groundwater. An inexpensive and simple method for collecting groundwater samples is developed to prevent contamination when the background concentration of contaminants is high. This new design of groundwater sampling device involves a glass sampling bottle with a Teflon-lined valve at each end. A cleaned and dried sampling bottle was connected to a low flow-rate peristaltic pump with Teflon tubing and was filled with water. No headspace volume was remained in the sampling bottle. The sample bottle was then packed in a PVC bag to prevent the target component from infiltrating into the water sample through the valves. In this study, groundwater was sampled at six wells using both the conventional method and the improved method. The analysis of trichlorofluoromethane（ CFC-11 ） concentrations at these six wells indicates that all the groundwater samples obtained by the conventional sampling method were contaminated by CFC-11 from the atmosphere. The improved sampling method greatly eliminated the problems of contamination, preservation and quantitative analysis of natural water.

关键词： groundwater sampling improved method conventional method tritium trichlorofluoromethane(CFC-11 )

Acoustic measurements of models of military style supersonic nozzle jets

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2014年第1期27卷 23-33页

作者： ching-Wen kuo Jérémy Veltin Dennis K.McLaughlin Department of Aerospace Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park TNO Science and Industry

Modern military aircraft jet engines are designed with variable-geometry nozzles to provide optimal thrust in different operating conditions, depending on the flight envelope. How- ever, acoustic measurements for such nozzles are scarce, due to the cost involved in making full- scale measurements and the lack of details about the exact geometries of these nozzles. Thus the present effort at Pennsylvania State University （PSU） in partnership with GE Aviation and the NASA Glenn Research Center is aiming to study and characterize the acoustic field produced by supersonic jets issuing from converging-diverging military style nozzles, and to identify and test promising noise reduction techniques. An equally important objective is to develop methodology for using data obtained from small- and moderate-scale experiments to reliably predict the full-scale engine noise. The experimental results presented show reasonable agreement between small-scale and medium-scale jets, as well as between heated jets and heat-simulated ones.

关键词： Aeroacoustics Acoustic noise measurement Jet noise Jets Nozzle Supersonic flow

A revisit of three studies related to random testing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 49-57页

作者： CHEN Tsong Yueh kuo Fei-ching TOWEY Dave ZHOU Zhi Quan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology School of Computer Science The University of Nottingham Ningbo China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Wollongong

Software testing is an approach that ensures the quality of software through execution, with a goal being to reveal failures and other problems as quickly as possible. Test case selection is a fundamental issue in software testing, and has generated a large body of research, especially with regards to the effectiveness of random testing(RT), where test cases are randomly selected from the software’s input domain. In this paper, we revisit three of our previous studies. The first study investigated a sufficient condition for partition testing(PT)to outperform RT, and was motivated by various controversial and conflicting results suggesting that sometimes PT performed better than RT, and sometimes the opposite. The second study aimed at enhancing RT itself, and was motivated by the fact that RT continues to be a fundamental and popular testing technique. This second study enhanced RT fault detection effectiveness by making use of the common observation that failure-causing inputs tend to cluster together, and resulted in a new family of RT techniques: adaptive random testing(ART),which is random testing with an even spread of test cases across the input domain. Following the successful use of failure-causing region contiguity insights to develop ART, we conducted a third study on how to make use of other characteristics of failure-causing inputs to develop more effective test case selection strategies. This third study revealed how best to approach testing strategies when certain characteristics of the failure-causing inputs are known, and produced some interesting and important results. In revisiting these three previous studies, we explore their unexpected commonalities, and identify diversity as a key concept underlying their *** observation further prompted us to examine whether or not such a concept plays a role in other areas of software testing, and our conclusion is that, yes, diversity appears to be one of the most important concepts in the fie

关键词： adaptive random testing diversity metamorphic testing proportional sampling strategy random testing software testing

Improved Dual-image Quality with Reversible Data Hiding Using Translocation and Switching Strategy

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1551-1566页

作者： Chin-feng Lee kuo-Chung Chan Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung41349Taiwan

Dual-image reversible data hiding(RDH)is a technique for hiding important *** technology can be used to safely deliver secret mes-sages to the recipient through dual images in an open network without being easily *** recipient of the image must receive the two stego-images before the secret message can be completely *** is one of the main advantages of data hiding technology;to increase the imperceptibility,the quality requirements of the stego-images are relatively important.A dual ste-ganographic image RDH method,called a DS-CF scheme that can achieve a bet-ter steganographic image quality using the center folding(CF)*** this paper,we developed a translocation and switching strategy(TaS)to shorten the distances between the stego-pixel coordinates and the cover pixel coordinates after information being *** with the DS-CF scheme,our proposed DS-TaS scheme can effectively improve the quality of the steganographic images at the same level of embedding *** experimental results show that the PSNR of our DS-TaS scheme at k=1 was 55.66 dB,which is an increase of 1.5 dB,and is 51.43 dB for k=2,46.66 dB for k=3,and 40.91 dB for k=*** addition,the PSNR values of the stego images was increased by 1.5,0.29,0.29,and 0.19 dB,*** shows that our proposed dual-image RDH method can optimize the visual quality of the stego-images and is better than many other dual-image RDH techniques.

关键词： Information hiding reversible data hiding(RDH) dual-image RDH center folding(CF)strategy

Spectrum of Normal Weighted Composition Operators on the Fock Space Over C^N

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2019年第9期35卷 1563-1572页

作者： Li Xia feng Lian kuo ZHAO School of Mathematics and Computer Science Shanxi Normal University

By using commutative C*-algebra techniques, spectrum and essential spectrum of normal weighted composition operators on the Fock space over CN are completely characterized. As an application, spectrum of self-adjoint ... 详细信息

关键词： Fock space weigh ted composition operator normal spectrum

When fats commit crimes: fatty acid metabolism, cancer stemness and therapeutic resistance

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Cancer Communications 2018年第1期38卷 499-510页

作者： ching-Ying kuo David K.Ann Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10048TaiwanChina Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism Diabetes and Metabolism Research InstituteBeckman Research InstituteCity of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA

The role of fatty acid metabolism,including both anabolic and catabolic reactions in cancer has gained increas-ing attention in recent *** studies have shown that aberrant expression of the genes involved in fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation correlate with malignant phenotypes including metastasis,therapeutic resistance and *** phenotypes are also strongly associated with the presence of a small percentage of unique cells among the total tumor cell *** distinct group of cells may have the ability to self-renew and propagate or may be able to develop resistance to cancer therapies independent of genetic ***,these cells are referred to as cancer stem cells/tumor-initiating cells/drug-tolerant persisters,which are often refractory to cancer treatment and difficult to ***,interconversion between cancer cells and cancer stem cells/tumor-initiating cells/drug-tolerant persisters may occur and makes treatment even more *** review highlights recent findings on the relationship between fatty acid metabolism,cancer stemness and therapeutic resistance and prompts discussion about the potential mechanisms by which fatty acid metabolism regulates the fate of cancer cells and therapeutic resistance.

关键词： Fatty acid synthesis Fatty acid oxidation Fatty acid metabolism Lipogenic phenotype Cancer stem cells Tumor-initiating cells Cancer cell plasticity Therapeutic resistance Drug-tolerant persisters

Dopant-free small molecule hole transport materials based on triphenylamine derivatives for perovskite solar cells

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第10期50卷 29-42页

作者： Sihan Li Yuxuan Yang kuo Su Bao Zhang Yaqing feng School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300072China Jieyang Center of Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemicals Guangdong 515557China

In the past decade,perovskite solar cells have become a promising candidate in the photovoltaic industry owing to their high power conversion efficiency that surpasses 25%.However,there are certain limitations that have hindered the development and full-scale practical application of these cells,including the high cost and degradation of perovskite caused by the ***,there is an urgent need to develop dopant-free hole transport materials(HTMs).In recent years,HTMs based on triphenylamine(TPA-HTMs)are receiving growing interest owing to their high hole mobility,excellent film formation,and suitable energy *** literature here covers work relevant to TPA-HTMs in the last five *** have been classified according to different core *** correlations between performance and structure are summarized,and the future development trend of TPA-HTMs is highlighted.

关键词： Solar energy Electronic materials Organic compounds Triphenylamine Hole transportmaterials

Adenocarcinoma and infection in a solitary hepatic cyst: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第12期11卷 1881-1883页

作者： ching-ChungLin Shee-ChanLin Wen-chingKo kuo-MingChang Shou-ChuanShih DivisionofGastroenterology DepartmentofInternalMedicineMackayMemorialHospitalMackayMedicineNursingandManagementCollegeTaipeiTaiwanChina DepartmentofSurgery MackayMemorialHospitalMackayMedicineNursingandManagementCollegeTaipeiTaiwanChina DepartmentofPathology MackayMemorialHospitalMackayMedicineNursingandManagementCollegeTaipeiTaiwanChina

Solitary non-parasitic liver cysts are being increasingly diagnosed due to the increased use of abdominal sonography. The majority of solitary liver cysts are asymptomatic; however, there are some complications which include infection, perforation, spontaneous hemorrhage, obstructive jaundice and neoplastic degeneration. In some cases a cystic liver lesion may mimic a tumor and is difficult to differentiate with standard imaging studies or fine needle aspiration cytology. Here in, we report a case of adenocarcinoma arising in a solitary hepatic cyst complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. High levels of CEA in the cyst fluid levels suggested malignancy, which was confirmed by pathology of the resected specimen.

关键词： Adenocarcinoma Liver cyst Infected cyst CEA CA 199