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Prostacyclin inhibition by indomethacin aggravates hepatic damage and encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide-induced fulminant hepatic failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第2期11卷 232-236页

作者： Chi-JenChu ching-chinhsiao Teh-FangWang Cho-YuChan Fa-YauhLee Full-YoungChang Yi-ChouChen Hui-ChunHuang Sun-SangWang Shou-DongLee DivisionofGastroenterology DepartmentofMedicineTaipeiVeteransGeneralHospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina ArmedForcesSungshanHospital TaipeiTaiwanChina DepartmentofMedicalResearchandEducation TaipeiVeteransGeneralHospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina//NationalYang-MingUniversitySchoolofMedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina DivisionofGastroenterology DepartmentofMedicineTaipeiVeteransGeneralHospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina//DivisionofGeneralMedicineDepartmentofMedicineTaipeiVeteransGeneralHospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina TaipeiMunicipalGan-DauHospital TaipeiTaiwanChina//NationalYang-MingUniversitySchoolofMedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina DivisionofGastroenterology DepartmentofMedicineTaipeiVeteransGeneralHospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina//NationalYang-MingUniversitySchoolofMedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina

AIM: Vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic form of hepatic encephalopathy. Prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) are important contributors to hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertensive states. Our previous study showed that chronic inhibition of NO had detrimental effects on the severity of encephalopathy in thioacetamide (TAA)-treated rats due to aggravation of liver damage. To date, there are no detailed data concerning the effects of PGI2 inhibition on the severity of hepatic encephalopathy during fulminant hepatic failure. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were used. Fulminant hepatic failure was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (350 mg/(kg·d) for 3 d. Rats were divided into two groups to receive intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (5 mg/(kg·d), n = 20) or normal saline (N/S, n = 20) for 5 d, starting 2 d before TAA administration. Severity of encephalopathy was assessed by the counts of motor activity measured with Opto-Varimex animal activity meter. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, an index of liver injury) and 6-keto-PGF1α (a metabolite of PGI2) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: As compared with N/S-treated rats, the mortality rate was significantly higher in rats receiving indomethacin (20% vs5%, P0.05), as compared with rats treated with N/S. CONCLUSION: Chronic indomethacin administration has detrimental effects on the severity of encephalopathy in TAA-treated rats and this phenomenon may be attributed to the aggravation of live

关键词： Hepatic Encephalopathy Fulminant hepatic failure Prostacyclin Indomethacin

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Crosstalk between degradation and bioenergetics: how autophagy and endolysosomal processes regulate energy production

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 671-681页

作者： Angelid Pabon Jagannatham Naidu Bhupana ching-On Wong Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers UniversityNewarkNJUSA

Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.

关键词： autophagy bioenergetics endolysosome energy production glycolysis metabolic reprogramming mitochondria

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Particuology and climate change

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 507-513页

作者： Wen-ching Yang Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Booz Allen Hamilaton P.O.Box 10940626 Cochrans Mill RoadPittsburghPA 15236USA

The global concern over the greenhouse gas emissions and its effect on global warming and climate change has focused attention on the necessity of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. There are many processes proposed to capture carbon either before or after combustion and these processes invariably involve investigation and application of traditional particuology. The solids employed are of different sizes, densities, morphologies, and strengths. Their handling, transportation, recirculation, and reactor applications are the essence of ＇particuology＇. Particuology can play an important and vital role in achieving cost-effective removal of carbon and minimize emissions of greenhouse gases. In this paper, the existing and developing carbon capture processes are briefly reviewed and the opportunities for application of particuology are identified. The review was not intended to be exhaustive. It is only in sufficient detail to make connection between particuology and climate change. For immediate and future challenges of reducing global warming and carbon capture and sequestration, innovative reactor design and application of parricuology is imperative. Expertise and innovation in particuology can greatly enhance the speed of development of those technologies and help to achieve cost-effective implementation. Particuology is indeed intimately related to the climate change and global warming.

关键词： Particuology Fluidized beds Circulating fluidized beds Pre-combustion Post-combustion Oxycombustion Chemical looping Carbon dioxide capture Carbon dioxide sequestration Climate changes Global warming

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Precision medicine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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Frontiers of Medicine 2020年第6期14卷 689-700页

作者： ching-Hon Pui Departments of Oncology and Pathology St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

The cure rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)has exceeded 90%in some contemporary clinical ***,the dose intensity of conventional chemotherapy has been pushed to its *** improvement in outcome will need to rely more heavily on molecular therapeutic as well as immuno-and cellular-therapy approaches together with precise risk *** with ETV6-RUNX1 or hyperdiploid>50 ALL who achieve negative minimal residual disease during early remission induction are suitable candidates for reduction in *** with Philadelphia chromosome(Ph)-positive or Ph-like ALL with ABL-class fusion should be treated with ***3 profiling and other preclinical methods have identified several high-risk subtypes,such as hypodiplod,early T-cell precursor,immature T-cell,KMT2A-rearranged,Ph-positive and TCF-HLF-positive ALL,that may respond to BCL-2 inhibitor *** are other fusions or mutations that may serve as putative targets,but effective targeted therapy has yet to be *** other high-risk patients or poor early treatment responders who do not have targetable genetic lesions,current approaches that offer hope include blinatumomab,inotuzumab and CAR-T cell therapy for B-ALL,and daratumumab and nelarabine for *** the expanding therapeutic armamentarium,we should start focus on rational combinations of targeted therapy with non-overlapping toxicities.

关键词： acute lymphoblastic leukemia molecular therapeutics targeted therapy tyrosine kinase inhibitors immunotherapy CAR T-cell therapy

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INTERMITTENCY AND SCALING IN TURBULENT CONVECTION

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2003年第5期19卷 385-393页

作者： EmilyS.C.ching DepartmentofPhysics TheChineseUniversityofHongKongHongKongChina

Both the velocity and temperature measurements taken in turbulent Rayleigh-B'enard convection experiments have been analyzed. It is found that both the velocity and temperature fluctuations are intermittent and can be well-described by the She-Leveque hierarchical structure. A positive correlation between the vertical velocity and the temperature differences is found both at the center, near the sidewall and near the bottom of the convection cell, supporting that buoyancy is significant in the Bolgiano regime. Moreover, the intermittent nature of the temperature fluctuations in the Bolgiano regime can be attributted to the variations in the temperature dissipation rate. However, the relations between the velocity and temperature structure functions and their correlations implied by the Bolgiano-Obukhov scaling are not supported by experimental measurements.

关键词： turbulent convection intermittency scaling

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Simulation of Random Waves and Associated Laminar Bottom Shear Stresses

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China Ocean Engineering 2008年第3期22卷 477-490页

作者： ching-Jer HUANG Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering National Cheng Kung University

This work presents a new approach for simulating the random waves in viscous fluids and the associated bottom shear stresses. By generating the incident random waves in a numerical wave flume and solving the unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and the fully nonlinear free surface boundaiy conditions for the fluid flows in the flume, the viscous flows and laminar bottom shear stresses induced by random waves axe determined. The deterministic spectral amplitude method implemented by use of the fast Fourier transform algorithm was adopted to generate the incident random waves. The accuracy of the numerical scheme is confirmed by comparing the predicted wave spectrum with the target spectrum and by comparing the nanlerical transfer function between the shear stress and the surface elevation with the theoretical transfer function. The maximum bottom shear stress caused by random waves, computed by this wave model, is compared with that obtained by Myrhaug＇ s model （1995）. The transfer function method is also employed to determine the maximum shear stress, and is proved accurate.

关键词： random waves laminar bottom shear stresses spectra Coda- JONSWAP spectral density transfer function Navier-Stokes equations boundary-layer flows

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Filling up complex spectral regions through non-Hermitian disordered chains

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第5期31卷 1-9页

作者： Hui Jiang ching Hua Lee Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117551Republic of Singapore

Eigenspectra that fill regions in the complex plane have been intriguing to many,inspiring research from random matrix theory to esoteric semi-infinite bounded non-Hermitian *** this work,we propose a simple and robust ansatz for constructing models whose eigenspectra fill up generic prescribed *** approach utilizes specially designed non-Hermitian random couplings that allow the co-existence of eigenstates with a continuum of localization lengths,mathematically emulating the effects of semi-infinite *** some of these couplings are necessarily long-ranged,they are still far more local than what is possible with known random matrix *** ansatz can be feasibly implemented in physical platforms such as classical and quantum circuits,and harbors very high tolerance to imperfections due to its stochastic nature.

关键词： non-Hermitian skin effect disordered chain disorder localization non-Hermitian spectra

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Calculation of the extreme ultraviolet radiation of the earth's plasmasphere

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 200-205页

作者： FOK Mei-ching NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD 20771USA

The dynamic global core plasma model(DGCPM) is used in this paper to calculate the He+ density distribution of the Earth's plasmasphere and to investigate the configurations and 30.4 nm radiation properties of the *** comparisons between the simulation results and IMAGE mission observations show:That the equatorial structure of the plasmapause is mainly located near 5.5 RE and the typical scale of plasmasphere shrinking or expansion within 10 min is approximately 0.1 RE;that the plasmaspheric shoulders are formed and rotate noon-ward from the dawn sector under the conditions of strong southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF);that the plasmaspheric plumes will rotate dawn-ward from the night sector and become narrow for the southward turning of the *** simulated images from the lunar orbit show that the plasmasphere locating within the geocentric distance of 5.5 RE corresponds to field of view(FOV) of 10.7°×10.7° for the moon-based EUV imager,and that the 30.4 nm radiation intensity of the plasmasphere is 0.1-11.4 *** plasmaspheric shoulders and plumes locating toward the moon-side are for the first time simulated with typical scale level of 0.1 RE from the side view of the *** simulated results provide an important theoretical basis for the lunar-based EUV camera design.

关键词： earth’s plasmasphere dynamic global core plasma model extreme ultraviolet radiation lunar-based imaging

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Genomic and pharmacogenetic studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第1期9卷 1-9页

作者： ching-Hon Pui Departments of Oncology and Pathology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA the University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis 7N 38105 USA

With the cure rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL） approaching 90%, further improvement in the treatment outcome and quality of life of patients will require better understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance, identifying new leukemic cell genetic lesions that are amendable to available target therapy, and optimizing treatment based on host pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenomics. Deeper characterization of leukemic cell genetic abnormalities has discovered new subtypes of leukemia such as early T-cell precursor ALL and Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL, and identified many genomic alterations that have diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic implications. In this regard, several novel fusion transcripts are responsive to ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors and potentially to JAK inhibitors. Genome-wide analyses have also unraveled the role of inherited cancer predisposing genes and small nucleotide polymorphisms of several genes in the development of childhood ALL. These advances promise to lead to more sophisticated personalized treatment strategies in the near future.

关键词： acute lymphoblastic leukemia genomics pharmacogenetics pharmacogenomics

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H_∞ drift control of time-delayed seismic structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2009年第4期8卷 617-626页

作者： Chang-ching Chang Department of Civil Engineering Chung Hsing University(NCHU)

In this paper, an optimal H∞ control algorithm was applied to the design of an active tendon system installed at the first story of a multi-story building to reduce its interstory drift due to earthquake excitations. To achieve optimal control performance and to guarantee the stability of the control system, an optimum strategy to select control parameters γ and α was developed. Analytical expressions of the upper and the lower bounds of γ and α were obtained for a single degree-of-freedom system with state feedback control. The selection ranges for both γ and α are graphically defined so that the controlled system is always stable and the control performance is better than by the conventional LQR control algorithm. Numerical results from a controlled three-story building under real earthquake excitations demonstrate that the peak first interstory drift can be significantly reduced with maximum control force around 10% of the building weight. An optimum design flow chart was provided. In addition, for a time-delayed structure, this study gave explicit formulae to calculate the critical values of γ and a. The system stability and control performance can thus be guaranteed even with time delay.

关键词： H∞ control time delay stability analysis active control active tendon system: state feedback control

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