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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第10期11卷 862-871页

作者： Onyeka okeke Harold chinedu.okeke Ernest Ezeh Charles Chukwubuikem Aniobi Uchechi Rowland Imoh Plastic Production Unit Scientific Equipment Development Institute Akwuke Nigeria Department of Geological Sciences Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Nigeria

Studies were carried out to determine asbestos fiber levels in cosmetic (talc powder) and non-cosmetic (gauze pad, plastic filler and ceiling tiles) products sold in market outlets within Enugu, metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria, using standard established procedures. The samples were pretreated based on its physical make-up and the asbestos fiber levels determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersing spectroscopy techniques. The mean range of asbestos fiber was, 0.02 - 0.06;0.01 - 0.05;0.01 - 0.04 and 0.03 - 0.06 f/cc for talc powder, gauze pads, plastic filler and ceiling tile samples respectively. The mean levels of asbestos fibers in the studied samples were within the recommended permissible limits. The samples contain asbestos fiber in the following decreasing order: ceiling tiles > talc powders > gauze pads > plastic fillers. Asbestos fiber was found present in the investigated local and foreign items sold in market outlets within the metropolis. This study shows that despite the ban on the use of asbestos in the industry in the manufacture of items meant for human use, its enforcement appears weak and lethargic and this could portend health danger especially in the use of produced items with high asbestos fiber friability such as talc powder.

关键词： Asbestos Fiber Talc Powder Plastic Filler Ceiling Tile and Gauze Pad

Comparison of Soil Samples from Selected Anthropogenic Sites within Enugu Metropolis for Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metal Levels Determination

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第10期11卷 848-861页

作者： Onyeka okeke Ernest Ezeh Harold chinedu.okeke Charles Chukwubuikem Aniobi Cletus Ifeanyi Akagha Plastic Production Unit Scientific Equipment Development Institute Akwuke Nigeria Chemical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Geological Sciences Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Nigeria Chemistry Department Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

This study compared the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in soil samples from selected anthropogenic sites within Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria using standard analytical methods. Soil samples at depths (0 - 20 cm) and (20 - 40 cm) were collected from waste dump sites, metal scrap dumps, fuel filling stations and auto-mechanic workshops and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal levels. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for heavy metal determination while conventional analytical methods were employed for physicochemical parameters evaluation of the soil samples. At soil depths 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm the respective mean range of pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter and organic carbon contents in the soil samples were, 6.33 - 6.74, 101.46 - 123.21 μS/cm, 6.41% - 8.35% and 13.73% - 16.14% for auto-mechanic workshops;6.92 - 7.43, 56.46 - 60.02 μS/cm, 1.53% - 2.20% and 11.93% - 12.60% for fuel filling stations;7.14 - 7.84, 70.81 - 77.71 μS/cm, 3.81% - 4.12% and 8.57% - 9.24% for metal scrap dumps;6.54 - 6.81, 94.40 - 100.71 μS/cm, 8.83% - 10.75% and 18.26% - 20.81% for waste dump sites. The pH of the top soil samples from auto-mechanical workshop was below the WHO recommended limits for agricultural purposes. The physic-chemical characteristics of the soil samples decreased with soil depths indicating therefore that anthropogenic activities greatly influence the soil characteristics at the top soils than the sub-soils. The electrical conductivity values of top and sub-soil samples from the studied auto-mechanical workshops were above the recommended limits. At soil depths 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm, the respective mean range of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil samples were 17.29 - 19.16 μg/g, 0.704 - 0.96 μg/g and 0.26 - 0.33 μg/g for auto-mechanic workshops;4.13 - 4.88 μg/g, 0.21 - 0.32 μg/g and 0.03 - 0.11 μg/g for fuel fil

关键词： Physicochemical Parameters Heavy Metals Pollution Soils Auto-Mechanic Workshops Fuel Filling Stations Waste Dump Sites and Metal Scrap Dumps

Impact of Financial Intermediation on Economic Growth of Nigeria(1995-2014)

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Management Studies 2018年第6期6卷 536-546页

作者： Okoro Okoro E.U. Onodugo Ifeanyi Chris Benjamin A.Amujiri chinedu.okeke University of Nigeria NsukkaNigeria Zenith Bank AbujaNigeria

The problems of lack of efficiency and effectiveness of mobilizing resources lead to unemployment,instability,and underdevelopment of the Nigeria *** intermediation as a financial system aims at the enhancement of mobilization of funds by pooling individuals savings and increasing the proportion of societal resources devoted to interest—yielding assets and long-term investments,which in turn facilitates economic *** study is aimed at accessing the impact of financial intermediation on economic development in Nigeria by using the endogenous components of financial intermediation,such as demand deposits(DD),time/savings deposits(T/Sav),and credits(loans and overdraft),our independent variables as explanatory variables to predict the outcome of our dependent variable output(GDP)secondary data from the CBN(Central Bank of Nigeria)Statistical Bulletin of various *** study covers an eight-year period(1995-2014).Parametric statistics in forms of analysis of variance(ANOVA),mean,standard deviation,t-test,co-efficient of correlation,and simple linear regression were used to analyze the *** findings suggest that though there exists a positive growth relationship between financial intermediation and output in Nigeria,there also exist elements of negative short-run growth relationship,especially for the periods that suffered financial shocks resulting from the global financial crisis and perhaps numerous bank *** states that this finding may serve to buttress existing research outcomes and will be relevant to regulatory authorities in formulating policies that are capable of positively enhancing financial intermediation and output growth in the economy.

关键词： financial intermediation banking Nigeria

Retro-Viral Disease Status of Patients on DOTS Tuberculosis Treatment Strategy in a South-East Nigeria Teaching Hospital

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Health 2021年第8期13卷 839-845页

作者： chinedu A. Idoko Chinyere okeke Chinelo I. Idoko Obiora Onowu Ikechukwu Orakwue Chuka Obienu Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Department of Business Administration Enugu State University of Science & Technology Enugu Nigeria Tricity Health Care LLC Tx. USA

Introduction: Tuberculosis is associated with HIV/AIDS and it has been recognized as one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in persons with HIV. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in people with HIV having an adverse effect on HIV progression. Objectives: The objective is to determine the retroviral disease status of patients on the DOTS strategy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients was seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to April 2015. Relevant information was collected from patients’ folders. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS and results were represented in tables. Results: 171 patients (77%) were HIV negative while 51 (23%) were positive giving an HIV negative/HIV positive ratio of 3.35:1. 97 patients (43.7%) had 6 months duration of treatment. The least was 2 patients (0.9%) that complied with their medication for 7 months. The 61 - 70 years age group accounted for the least number of HIV-positive patients. Conclusion/Recommendations: There is strong tuberculosis/HIV co-infectivity among the studied population. Strategies to reduce the burden of TB/HIV co-infection should be strengthened.

关键词： Retroviral Status Patients DOTS Tuberculosis South-East Nigeria

Factors Affecting the Knowledge and Practice of Drug Management among Healthcare Workers in Primary Health Centers in South-East, Nigeria

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Health 2021年第10期13卷 1097-1111页

作者： Chinyere C. okeke Benjamin S. C. Uzochukwu Elias C. Aniwada chinedu A. Idoko Kassy W. Chukwukasi Anne C. Ndu Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Nigeria

The knowledge of health workers regarding their management of drugs is very important in ensuring good health. One of the major indices of the performance of primary health care (PHC) remains improved access to essential drugs as they are the link between patients and health services. Consequently, their availability or absence will contribute to a positive or negative impact on health. This was a quasi-experimental study, carried out in Anambra state, which compared the intervention and control groups following the training and provision of drug management tools to PHC workers in the intervention group. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 264 health workers from 132 health centers from two senatorial zones in the State, one acting as a control group and the other as an intervention group. Data was collected using a pre-tested in-depth interview guide and semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS at a statistical significance level of p value less than 0.05, while qualitative data was analyzed using N-Vivo. Several factors such as age, sex, educational qualification, cadre of staff, years of practice and PHC workers’ previous training were identified as affecting the knowledge and practice of drug management. The majority (72.0% and 71.2%) in intervention and control groups respectively said inadequate information or lack of knowledge was the main reason for poor practices while the proportion with low interest of health workers for drug management was (38.5%) for intervention and (59.8%) for the control group and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.034). In conclusion, this study has shown that age, sex, educational qualification, cadre of staff, years of practice and PHC workers’ previous training were factors associated with health workers’ knowledge and practice of drug management. The study recommends the development of Aide Memoire and conduct of trai

关键词： Training Drug Management Primary Health Workers Nigeria