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Experimental study on the degree and damage-control mechanisms of fuzzy-ball-induced damage in single and multi-layer commingled tight reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3598-3609页

作者： chinedu j.okere james j.Sheng Li-Kun Fan Xiao-Wei Huang Li-Hui Zheng Pan-Feng Wei Bob L.Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas Tech UniversityTXUSA College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China China Changqing Oilfield Company CNPCXi'an710018ShaanxiChina Beijing LihuiLab Energy Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing102200China

Fuzzy-ball working fluids(FBWFs)have been successfully applied in different development phases of tight reservoirs.Field reports revealed that FBWFs satisfactorily met all the operational and reservoir damage control requirements during their application.However,the damage-control mechanisms and degree of formation damage caused by fuzzy-ball fluids have not been investigated in lab-scale studies so far.In this study,the degree of fuzzy-ball-induced damage in single-and double-layer reservoirs was evaluated through core flooding experiments that were based on permeability and flow rate indexes.Additionally,its damage mechanisms were observed via scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy tests.The results show that:(1)For single-layer reservoirs,the FBWF induced weak damage on coals and medium-to-weak damage on sandstones,and the difference of the damage in permeability or flow rate index on coals and sandstones is below 1%.Moreover,the minimum permeability recovery rate was above 66%.(2)For double-layer commingled reservoirs,the flow rate index revealed weak damage and the overall damage in double-layer was lower than the single-layer reservoirs.(3)There is no significant alteration in the microscopic structure of fuzzy-ball saturated cores with no evidence of fines migration.The dissolution of lead and sulfur occurred in coal samples,while tellurium in sandstone,aluminum,and magnesium in carbonate.However,the precipitation of aluminum,magnesium,and sodium occurred in sandstone but no precipitates found in coal and carbonate.The temporal plugging and dispersion characteristics of the FBWFs enable the generation of reservoir protection layers that will minimize formation damage due to solid and fluid invasion.

关键词： Drilling Fracture Fuzzy-ball fluids Formation damage analysis Muti-layer tight reservoirs Permeability damage index Flow rate damage index

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The Anti-obesity Effect of Allium cepa L. leaves on High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Male Wistar Rats

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2022年第3期2卷 28-36页

作者： Babafemi j.Momoh Shekins O.okere Gabriel O.Anyanwu Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyBingham UniversityP.M.B.005Karu 961105Nigeria

Background:Over the years,there has been research on the anti-obesity effect of the Allium cepa bulb,but a dearth of research was carried out on the leaves,which is consumed as vegetable salad and soup,hence this study was proposed.Objective:This study aims at investigating the effect of A.cepa leaves on high fat diet(HFD)induced obesity in male Wistar rats.Methods:Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups with seven rats each.Apart from Group 1(normal control which received normal pelleted diet),obesity was induced in 21 rats of Group 2 to 4 with HFD.Group 2,the obese control was administered with 100%HFD,while the diet for group 3 and 4 was supplemented with 10%and 20%A.cepa powdered leaves,respectively,for 28 days.Results:In the rats treated with 10%and 20%A.cepa,body weight,fat mass,blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,aspartate amino transferase,alanine amino transferase,creatinine and urea levels were reduced significantly(P<0.05)in comparison with the obese control group.The liver of the rats treated with 10%and 20%A.cepa leaves revealed small and few amounts of fat deposits in comparison with the obese control group,which revealed numerous and large deposits of fat.The kidney of the rats treated with 10%and 20%A.cepa leaves showed moderate and mild inflammation,respectively,in comparison with the obese control group which showed acute inflammation.The leaves of A.cepa had antioxidant properties and the presence of volatile compounds with anti-obesity properties in A.cepa were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Conclusion:A.cepa leaves had weight-loss effect in that it decreased body weight,fat mass,glucose and lipid levels including fat deposits in the liver.

关键词： Antiobesity Allium cepa High fat diet Total phenolic content Antioxidant Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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