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Ultrastructural studies of seed coat and cotyledon during rapeseed maturation

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第5期20卷 1239-1249页

作者： CAO Jian-bo HE Li-min chinedu charles nwafor QIN Li-hong ZHANG Chun-yu SONG Yan-tun HAO Rong Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation/College of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

Brassica napus L.(***)is an important oil crop worldwide and it rapidly accumulates oil at late stage of seed ***,little is known about the cellular mechanism of oil accumulation and seed color changes during the late stage of rapeseed ***,we analyzed the ultrastructure of seed coat,aleurone and cotyledon in embryos of *** from 25 to 70 days after flowering(DAF).The pigments,which were deposited on the cell wall of palisade cells in seed coat,determined dark black color of *** chloroplasts degenerated into non-photosynthetic plastids which caused the green cotyledon to turn into *** chloroplasts in aleurone and cotyledon cells respectively degenerated into remnants without inner and outer envelope membranes and ecoplasts with intact inner and outer envelope *** 40 to 70 DAF,there were degraded chloroplasts without thylakoid,oil bodies contacting with plastids or protein bodies,big starch deposits of chloroplasts degrading into small particles then disappearing,and small endoplasmic reticulum(ER)in aleurone and cotyledon ***,there were decreases of chlorophyll content and dramatic increases of oil content in *** results suggested that the rapid oil accumulation was independent on the NADPH synthesized by photosynthesis of chloroplasts and probably utilized other sources of reductant,such as the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway during the late stage of rapeseed *** triacylglycerol assembly presumably utilizes the enzymes in the plastid,cytosol or oil body of cotyledon and aleurone cells.

关键词： rapeseed seed coat plastid development oil synthesis ultrastructure

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Genome assembly of the Brassicaceae diploid Orychophragmus violaceus reveals complex whole-genome duplication and evolution of dihydroxy fatty acid metabolism

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 93-106页

作者： Fan Huang Peng Chen Xinyu Tang Ting Zhong Taihua Yang chinedu charles nwafor Chao Yang Xianhong Ge Hong An Zaiyun Li Edgar B.Cahoon Chunyu Zhang National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina Center for Plant Science Innovation University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA Bioinformatics and Analytics Core University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMOUSA

Orychophragmus violaceus is a Brassicaceae species widely cultivated in China,particularly as a winter cover crop in northern China because of its low-temperature tolerance and low water ***,*** has also been cultivated as a potential industrial oilseed crop because of its abundant 24-carbon dihydroxy fatty acids(diOH-FAs),which contribute to superior high-temperature lubricant *** this study,we performed de novo assembly of the *** ***-genome synteny analysis of the genomes of its relatives demonstrated that *** is a diploid that has undergone an extrawhole-genome duplication(WGD)after the Brassicaceae-specific a-WGD event,with a basic chromosome number of x=*** of diOH-FAs is hypothesized to have occurred after the WGD *** on the genome and the transcriptome data from multiple stages of seed development,we predicted that OvDGAT1-1 and OvDGAT1-2 are candidate genes for the regulation of diOH-FA storage in *** *** results may greatly facilitate the development of heat-tolerant and eco-friendly plant-based lubricants using *** seed oil and improve our understanding of the genomic evolution of Brassicaceae.

关键词： Orychophragmus violaceus genome evolution dihydroxy fatty acids polyestolides lubricant oil oilseed Brassicaceae

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Detection of HIV-1 and -2 Antibodies among Selected Secondary Schools in Udenu L.G.A. of Enugu State, South East, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2013年第4期3卷 259-263页

作者： Onwuchekwa Augustine Okoli charles Chibueze Ezekoye Ogochukwu Ochiabuto Clemtina Ngozi nwafor Stella Ukamaka Ugwu Microbiology Unit Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Science and Technology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria School of Applied Science and Technology Department of Science Laboratory Technology Federal Polytechnic Oko Nigeria School of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Biological Sciences Department of Microbiology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and -2 among three selected secondary schools in Udenu Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Three hundred students were recruited for this study representing 120 males (40%) and 180 females (60%) with their age ranging from 12 to 20 years from September to November, 2010. Samples of blood were collected and processed using standard laboratory procedures. All the students were screened for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 and -2 using 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) rapid screening kits, based on WHO systems-2 for detecting antibodies to HIV-1 and -2. The diagnosis of HIV infection was further confirmed by Western blot. The results showed that out of the 300 students who were enrolled into the study, 6 (2%) were positive for HIV-1 and -2 antibodies including two males (0.7%) and four females (1.3%). Statistically, there is a significant difference in the distribution of HIV infections by gender (P 0.05). Although its prevalence is low, the presence of HIV-1 and -2 antibodies in Secondary School students of Udenu L.G.A. of Enugu State should be worrisome because it can easily be transmitted to other healthy individuals in the nearest future. Therefore, this calls for a concerted and synergistic effort to nip the spread in the bud so that it cannot spread to other teenagers and the larger community.

关键词： Blood ELISA HIV/AIDS Sero Prevalence Secondary Schools Nigeria

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Buruli ulcer in Nigeria:results of a pilot case study in three rural districts

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 328-336页

作者： Kingsley N.Ukwaja Anthony O.Meka Alphonsus Chukwuka Kingsley B.Asiedu Kristina L.Huber Miriam Eddyani Joseph N.Chukwu Moses C.Anyim charles C.nwafor Daniel C.Oshi Nelson O.Madichie Ngozi Ekeke Martin Njoku Kentigern Ntana Department of Medicine Federal Teaching HospitalFMC RdAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria Medical Department German Leprosy and TB Relief AssociationEnuguEnugu StateNigeria St Benedict’s Tuberculosis and Leprosy Rehabilitation Hospital OgojaCross River StateNigeria Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative Department of Control of Neglected Tropical DiseasesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University HospitalLudwig-Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany Mycobacteriology Unit Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium

Background:Buruli ulcer(BU),also known as Mycobacterium ulcerans disease,is the third most common mycobacterial disease *** BU disease has been diagnosed among Nigerians in neighbouring West African countries,data on the burden of the disease in Nigeria itself are *** study aimed to assess the magnitude and epidemiology of BU in the South South region of ***:We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the Ogoja territory(comprising 31 communities).We undertook sensitisation programmes centred on BU in 10 of the *** were asked to identify community members with long-standing ulcers,who were then invited for *** also contacted traditional healers to refer their clients who had non-healing *** suspected cases had a full clinical evaluation and laboratory *** cases were given treatment in a referral hospital in the ***:We diagnosed 41 clinical BU cases;36(87.8%)of which were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).These 36 PCR-confirmed cases were diagnosed in a total population of 192,169 ***,the estimated crude prevalence of BU was 18.7 per 100,000 population,varying from 6.0 to 41.4 per 100,000 in the districts *** majority(66.7%)of the cases were *** 92%of the BU lesions were located on the patients’*** differences were observed between the sexes in terms of the location of the *** age of the patients ranged from four to 60 years,with a median age of 17 *** 35(100%)patients who consented to treatment completed chemotherapy as *** the treated cases,29(82.9%)needed and received *** cases healed,but 29(82.9%)had some limitations in *** with limitations in movement occurred in 18/19(94.7%)and 8/10(80.0%)of patients with lesions>15 cm(Category III)and 6–15 cm in diameter(Category II),*** median duration of treatment was 130(87–164)days for children and

关键词： Buruli ulcer Mycobacterium ulcerans Epidemiology Case finding Endemicity Ogoja Cross River State Nigeria

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A Case Study of Multi Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), HIV and Diabetes Mellitus (Dm) Comorbidity: Triple Pathology;Challenges and Prospects

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2017年第3期7卷 70-79页

作者： Okorie Onuka John Ahukanna Chukwudi Okebaram Patrick Dakum Aderonke Agbaje Vivian Ibeziako Gidado Mustapha Nkem Chukwueme Chux Anago Emperor Ubochioma Amarachi Okorie Odume Bethrand nwafor charles Abia State Ministry of Health Umuahia Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Abia State University Okigwe Nigeria Institute of Human Virology Abuja Nigeria Challenge KNCV Abuja Nigeria Clinton Health Access Initiative Abuja Nigeria National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Program Abuja Nigeria School of Midwifery Umuahia Nigeria Department of Family Medicine National Hospital Abuja Nigeria German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association Enugu Nigeria

Tuberculosis (TB), diabetes mellitus and HIV co-morbidity is a rare and interrelated health condition with associated high morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries with high prevalence of TB. It has become an emerging concern to epidemiologists and TB control programs due to complexities in its control and management. Managing MDR-TB, DM and HIV comorbidity is challenging, with risk of unfavorable outcome;consequently, close monitoring is necessary. Individuals with weak immunity resulting from diseases such as uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and HIV have a higher risk of developing TB or progression from latent to active TB. We present a 65-year old known diabetic patient who presented to Royal Cross Hospital Ugwueke Abia State, Nigeria with a one-year history of recurrent productive cough with associated night sweats, low grade fever and marked weight loss. A diagnosis of drug-resistant TB with DM/HIV co-morbidity was made and co-managed by experts from the respective clinics and the State TB control program. The patient was declared cured (7 months consecutive negative cultures each taken 30 days apart) after completing 20 months of conventional MDR-TB treatment. The patient showed remarkable clinical improvement including weight gain, good diabetic control and significant increase in CD4 (700 cells). Managing MDR-TB patients with diabetes and HIV is challenging, however, appropriate treatment, psychosocial support, adequate blood sugar control as well as monthly monitoring of patients with requisite investigations are vital in achieving good treatment outcome.

关键词： Co-Morbidity-Diabetes-Multi Drug Resistant TB and HIV

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Effectiveness of Contact Tracing of Index Tuberculosis Cases in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2018年第4期8卷 173-199页

作者： Okorie Onuka Ikpeazu Okezie John Ahukanna Chukwudi Okebaram Patrick Dakum Aderonke Agbaje Vivian Ibeziako Gidado Mustapha Nkem Chukwueme Emperor Ubochioma Amarachi Okorie nwafor charles Chux Anago TB Control Program Ministry of Health Abia State Nigeria Abia State Government House Umuahia Abia State Nigeria Ministry of Health Abia State Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Institute of Human Virology Abuja Nigeria KNCV Abuja Nigeria National TB Control Program Abuja Nigeria School of Midwifery Ministry of Health Umuahia Nigeria GLRA Enugu Enugu Nigeria Clinton Health Access Initiative Abuja Nigeria

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that has impacted negatively on human history. The biology of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicated and has affected the control as well as elimination of the disease. Nigeria is one of the countries with high incidence and prevalence of TB. The late and low case detection has been a major problem with National TB control program, caused by passive case finding strategy practiced by the country. A shift from the passive and active case search has been recommended for detection of missing cases of TB and improved program performance. The proximity of TB contact is a major determinant of disease transmission. However, maximizing early case detection and prompt treatment of notified cases is very useful in (TB) control especially in high burden countries. The tracking of TB contacts provides a good platform for early diagnosis, educating the household on TB disease and infection control as well as breaking the chain of transmission. The objective of the study is to ascertain effectiveness of contact tracing on Tuberculosis case detection. The study is a retrospective quasi experimental with quantitative arm. The study was conducted in Abia State, one of the South Eastern States of Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed with SPSS. A total of 168 and 162 index cases of TB were recruited for both intervention and control facilities. The 168 index TB cases yielded 301 TB contacts. The result revealed 55% contact/index ratio, presumptive TB yield of 130 (43.2%) and TB yield of 68 (22.6%). The cases registered in the State increased from 336 to 417 and p value = 0.001, while presumptive TB and BCG vaccination were major predictors. The study shows that tracing contact of index TB cases is an effective and complementary method of finding undetected cases of TB.

关键词： Contact tracing Index TB cases

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Validation of the clinical tuberculosis screening algorithm used in Nigerian national tuberculosis control programme for screening people living with HIV

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1737-1741页

作者： Emmanuel N. Aguwa Chika N. Onwasigwe Joseph N. Chukwu Daniel C. Oshi charles C. nwafor Babatunde I. Omotowo Anne C. Ndu Anthony O. Meka Osa-Eloka C. Ekwueme Nwachukwu C. Ugwunna Moses C. Anyim Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association Enugu Nigeria

Background: In high HIV prevalence, tuberculosis diagnosis is challenging. Some countries hence use clinical algorithms to screen for tuberculosis in People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: The aim of the study was to validate the national algorithm for clinical tuberculosis screening of persons living with HIV who attend comprehensive HIV clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional study of PLHIV who presented with cough of at least 2 weeks duration between 2009 and 2011 at St Patrick’s Hospital, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Sputum smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli was obtained from the participants. Results: Three hundred and twelve PLHIV were studied: 146 (46.8%) males and 166 (53.2%) females. Only 55 (17.6%) of the participants had smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Weight loss (c2 = 2.33;P = 0.127), hemoptysis (c2 = 0.03;P = 0.864), night sweats (c2 = 1.52;P = 0.218), fever (c2 = 3.49;P = 0.06), anorexia (c2 = 0.49;P = 0.484), chest pain (c2 = 2.48;P = 0.115), breathlessness (c2 = 0.63;P = 0.426) were not significant in PLHWA with/without pulmonary tuberculosis. Cough, fever, night sweat and weight loss combined gave a sensitivity of 97.0%, specificity of 10.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.3% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 21.8%. Conclusion: Findings suggest that though national screening algorithm is a valid tool to screen for tuberculosis in PLHIV, it will lead to many false positive results.

关键词： HIV Tuberculosis PLHIV Screening Tool Validation

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