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Virus rejection with two model human enteric viruses in membrane bioreactor system

Science china Chemistry 2007年第3期50卷 397-404页

作者： ZHENG Xiang1,2 & LIU JunXin1 1 Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, china 2 school of environment & Natural resources, Renmin University of china, Beijing 100872, china Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China school of environment & Natural resources Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) with gravity drain was tested for virus rejection with two coliphages, T4 and f2, which were used as surrogates for human enteric viruses. Virus rejection was investigated by PVDF and PP membrane modules, with the pore sizes of 0.22 and 0.1 μm, respectively. In tap water system, 2.1 lg rejection of coliphage T4 could be achieved by PVDF membrane compared with complete rejection by PP membrane, while for coliphage f2 with smaller diameter, 0.3―0.5 lg rejection of the influent virus was removed by the two membranes. In domestic wastewater system, cake layer and gel layer on the membrane surface changed the cut-off size of the membrane so that there was no significant difference between PP and PVDF for each coliphage. The removal ratios of coliphage T4 and f2 in the MBR were more than 5.5 and 3.0 lg, respectively. Compared with 5.5 lg removal for virus T4 in the MBR system, only 2.1 lg (96.8%―99.9%) removal rate was observed in the conventional activated sludge system with the influent virus concentration fluctuating from 1830 to 57000 PFU/mL. Only 0.8%―22% virus removal was the effect of adsorption to activated sludge, which showed a decreasing tendency with the retention time, while 75%―98% was the effect of virus inactivation by microbial activity. It indicated that the major mechanism of virus removal was not the transfer of viruses from the water phase to the sludge phase but inactivation in the biological treatment process.

关键词： MBR model virus enteric virus inactivation

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Emission Patterns under Alternative Congestion and Motor Vehicle Pollution Mitigation Policies in Shanghai

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and environment 2007年第2期5卷 41-48页

作者： Chen Hongfeng1, Li Fen1, Li Xiangling2 1. school of environment and Natural resources, Renmin University of china, Beijing 100872, china 2. school of Natural resources and environment, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei Anhui 230009, china school of environment and Natural resources Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China school of Natural resources and environment Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China

As a megacity with thriving economy, Shanghai is experiencing rapid motorisation and confronted with traffic congestion problems despite its low car ownership. It is of value to look into the policies on emission control of motor vehicle and congestion reduction in such a city to explore how to reconcile mobility enhancement with the environment. Results of a dynamic simulation displayed time paths of emissions from motor vehicles in Shanghai over the period from 2000 to 2020. The simulation results showed that early policies on emission control of motor vehicle could bring about far-reaching effects on emission reduc- tion, and take advantage of available low-polluting technologies and technical innovation over time. Travel demand management would play an important role in curbing congestion and reducing motor vehicle pollution by calming down car ownership rise and deterring inefficient trips as well as reducing fuel waste caused by congestion.

关键词： dynamic simulation motorisation motor vehicle emission traffic congestion travel demand management low-polluting technologies

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Design of the Urban Land Grading Information System

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2002年第3期5卷 26-32页

作者： LIU Yaolin ZHANG Yumeiprofessor,school of resource and environment Science,Wuhan University,129 Luoyu Road,Wuhan 430079,china. school of resource and environment Science Wuhan University Wuhan China

This paper discusses the urban land grading system based on the self_developed GIS *** system establishes the system template,the relevant data structure and the empirical formulas of the affecting factor and economic data of land ***,the system can calculate the service radius,sum and land grade ***,it can do statistics and query on various land information and show the result of land grading with spatial and attribute *** paper illustrates the result by giving an example of the commercial land grading of the urban area of Wuhan City by the urban land grading system.

关键词： GIS urban land grading information system

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青海都兰夏尔雅玛可布遗址调查报告

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考古与文物 2024年第5期 22-33页

作者：方丹(绘图) 姜淼(绘图) 郭梦肖永明闫红贤陈洪海中国-中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室(西北大学) 青海省文物考古研究院

2019年,西北大学与青海省文物考古研究所联合对青海省都兰县夏尔雅玛可布遗址进行考古调查,重点记录了石墙、土坯墙、墓葬等遗迹现象,采集到陶片、石制品等遗物,明确了该遗址是一处由居址区和墓葬区组成的大规模诺木洪文化聚落,并发现... 详细信息

2019年,西北大学与青海省文物考古研究所联合对青海省都兰县夏尔雅玛可布遗址进行考古调查,重点记录了石墙、土坯墙、墓葬等遗迹现象,采集到陶片、石制品等遗物,明确了该遗址是一处由居址区和墓葬区组成的大规模诺木洪文化聚落,并发现居址区防御体系是由双重或三重石墙构成。碳十四测年结果显示该遗址距今3400~3000年。作为目前规模最大、功能齐全的诺木洪文化遗址,对夏尔雅玛可布的进一步研究将为揭示诺木洪文化内涵、探索青铜时代青藏高原东北缘与周邻地区的人群交往和文化融合等议题提供重要资料。

关键词：都兰县夏尔雅玛可布遗址诺木洪文化青铜时代

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Numerical study of the auroral particle transport in the polar upper atmosphere

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1759-1771页

作者： CAI HongTao1,2, MA ShuYing1,2 & PU ZuYin3 1 school of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, china 2 Key Laboratory of Geospace environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education of PRC, Wuhan 430079, china 3 school of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china school of Electronic Information Wuhan University Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Geospace environment and Geodesy Ministry of Education of PRC Wuhan China school of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing China

Starting from the Boltzmann equation and with some reasonable assumptions, a one-dimensional transport equation of charged energetic particles is derived by taking account of major interactions with neutral species in the upper atmosphere, including the processes of elastic scattering, the excitation, the ionization and the secondary electron production. The transport equation is numerically solved, for a simplified atmosphere consisting only of nitrogen molecules (N2), to obtain the variations of incident electron fluxes as a function of altitude, energy and pitch angle. The model results can describe fairly the transport characteristics of pre-cipitating auroral electron spectra in the polar upper atmosphere; meanwhile the N2 ionization rates calculated from the modeled differential flux spectra also exhibit good agreements with existing empirical models in terms of several key parameters. Taking the energy flux spectra of precipitating electrons observed by FAST satellite flying over EISCAT site on May 15, 1997 as model inputs, the model-calculated ionization rate profile of neutral atmosphere consists reasonably with that recon-structed from electron density measurements by the radar.

关键词： aurora particle precipitation polar upper atmosphere electron transport equation numerical simulation

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Efficient microwave-assisted photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disruptor dimethyl phthalate over composite catalyst ZrO_x /ZnO

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1800-1806页

作者： Wenchao Liao, Tong Zheng, Peng Wang, Sisi Tu, Weiqian PanState Key Laboratory of Urban Water resource and environment, school of Municipal and environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, china. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water resource and environment School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China

A highly active ZrO x /ZnO catalyst for microwave-assisted photocatalytic （MW/PC） degradation of endocrine disruptor dimethyl phthalate （DMP） has been prepared via cetyltrimethylammonium assisted hydrothermal method. The ZrO x /ZnO was characterized by XPS, XRD, UV-Vis, BET and SEM techniques. The XPS result showed that Zr oxides with different valences （＋2, ＋3, ＋4） co-existed in ZrO x /ZnO. By using the ZrO x /ZnO （0.1 g）, the TOC removal efficiency of DMP （100 mL of 50 mg/L） was 88% after 30 min reaction, which was about 15% higher than P25 TiO 2 . It was found that the removal process of DMP by MW/PC followed pseudo first-order kinetics in all cases, and ZrO x /ZnO significantly accelerated the degradation of DMP. The degradation half-life time of DMP was shortened 45% compared with P25 TiO 2 . A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed based on microwave response and interfacial charge transfer. ZrO x /ZnO could be reused for six times without obvious decrease in catalytic activity. The study offers new insights into designing highly efficient catalysts for MW/PC process and is applicable for MW/PC environmental remediation.

关键词： ZrO_x /ZnO microwave-assisted photocatalysis dimethyl phthalate

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Land Use Structure Optimization Under Systematic Framework

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2002年第3期5卷 46-52页

作者： LIU Yanfang HUANG Liangprofessor,school of resource and environment Science,Wuhan University,129 Luoyu Road,Wuhan 430079,china. school of resource and environment Science Wuhan University Wuhan China

This paper puts forward the concept of land use structure optimization under space_time coupling through analyzing the systematic characteristic of land use structure *** mainly expounds the construction of land use structure optimization model at different ***,this paper explains the practicableness of land use structure optimization under systematic framework through the example of Qionghai city.

关键词： land use structure optimization systematic framework model constraints

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A preliminary knowledge-driven prediction model of snail distribution in the Poyang Lake region

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第1期53卷 115-123页

作者： ZHAO An1,2,3 & BAO ShuMing1 1 The Key Lab of Poyang Lake Ecological environment and resource Development, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, china 2 Institute of Geographic Sciences and resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 3 school of Geography and environmental Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, china The Key Lab of Poyang Lake Ecological environment and resource Development Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China Institute of Geographic Sciences and resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China school of Geography and environmental Sciences Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China

Present monitoring and prediction of schistosomiasis’s intermediate parasite, snail, are based on re-mote sensing image’s spectral signatures, and the calculation result is in fact an incom-plete-constraints solution. TM image of the Poyang Lake region on October 31, 2005 was combined with GIS thematic data (DEM, boundary of the Poyang Lake, vegetation, soil and land use) to make a prediction on snail spatial distribution in the region by remote sensing, geo-informatics and knowl-edge-driven modeling according to mechanism of snail occurrence. Result shows that with change of overall fuzzy membership of snail occurrence from high to low, snail occurrence of the snail samples of validation group goes up to 81% within 10% high fuzzy membership range, denoting high efficiency of the model in predicting snail occurrence.

关键词：鄱阳湖区域蜗牛分布模糊分类血吸虫病

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Variation of grain Cd and Zn concentrations of 110 hybrid rice cultivars grown in a low-Cd paddy soil

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 168-172页

作者： SHI Jing,LI Lianqing,PAN Genxing Institute of resource,Ecosystem and environment of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,china. Institute of resource Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Enhanced Cd uptake and Zn depletion in rice grains and high potential for food Cd exposure by the high-yielding hybrid cultivars of china had been addressed. A field experiment was conducted in 2006 to determine the difference in grain Cd and Zn between cultivars. Total 110 cultivars including super rice and common hybrid rice cultivars were grown on a single paddy soil （Entic Haplaquept） with a neutral reaction and low total Cd content. Grain Cd and Zn concentrations were determined with graphite atomic adsorption spectrophotometer （GFAAS） and flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometer （AAS） respectively. Wide variation of Cd content in grain was found in a range of 0.004-0.057 mg/kg, while the Zn content in a range of 10.25-30.06 mg/kg among the cultivars. Higher Cd but lower Zn concentration in grains of super rice cultivars was observed compared to the common hybrid ones. A highly significant positive linear correlation of grain Cd/Zn with grain Cd was found for super rice and common hybrid cultivars, meanwhile much higher slope for these hybrid cultivars than the reported non-hybrid cultivars was also observed. Using the limit value of the Chinese chemical guidelines for foods （MOHC and SSC, 2005）, calculated potential risk of food Cd exposure with ＂Zn hungry＂ through diet intake was prominent with all the studied 110 hybrid rice cultivars, possessing high potential health problems for rice production in South china using the super rice cultivars. Breeding of genotypes of rice cultivars with low grain Cd and low Cd/Zn ratio is needed for rice production in acidic red soils where Cd bioavailability is prevalently high.

关键词： rice cultivar rice grain cadmium zinc genotype difference

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Land use data generalization indices considering scale and land use pattern effects

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Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第5期54卷 694-702页

作者： LIU YaoLin1,2,JIAO LiMin1,2 & LIU YanFang1,2 1 school of resource and environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,china 2 Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,china school of resource and environmental Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System Ministry of Education Wuhan University Wuhan China

Land use generalization indices are critical for producing normative multi-scale land use databases and maps,but there is still not a national criterion for these indices in *** studies on land use data generalization indices often neglect macroindices such as area proportion of land use types and map load,and also ignore landscape effects on land use generalization *** we constructed an index system of land use data generalization from macro-and micro-perspectives,and examined scale and landscape effects on land use data generalization indices based on the countrywide multi-scale land use data *** formulated relationships between land use data generalization indices and both scale and land use pattern *** defined thresholds of land use data generalization indices on scales of 1:50000,1:100000,1:250000,and 1:*** verified our methodology and index thresholds through generalizing a county land use database.

关键词： land use database land use database generalization generalization indices land use pattern landscape metrics

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