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Unknown DDoS Attack Detection with Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2181-2205页

作者： Thanh-Lam Nguyen HaoKao Thanh-Tuan Nguyen Mong-fong Horng chin-Shiuh Shieh Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung807618Taiwan Department of Electronic and Automation Engineering Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang650000Vietnam

Since its inception,the Internet has been rapidly *** the advancement of science and technology and the explosive growth of the population,the demand for the Internet has been on the *** applications in education,healthcare,entertainment,science,and more are being increasingly deployed based on the ***,malicious threats on the internet are on the rise as *** Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks are among the most common and dangerous threats on the internet *** scale and complexity of DDoS attacks are constantly *** Detection Systems(IDS)have been deployed and have demonstrated their effectiveness in defense against those *** addition,the research of Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)in IDS has gained effective results and significant ***,one of the challenges when applying ML and DL techniques in intrusion detection is the identification of unknown *** attacks,which are not encountered during the system’s training,can lead to misclassification with significant *** this research,we focused on addressing the issue of Unknown Attack Detection,combining two methods:Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss(SLCPL)and Fuzzy C-Means(FCM).With the proposed method,we achieved promising results compared to traditional *** proposed method demonstrates a very high accuracy of up to 99.8%with a low false positive rate for known attacks on the Intrusion Detection Evaluation Dataset(CICIDS2017)***,the accuracy is also very high,reaching 99.7%,and the precision goes up to 99.9%for unknown DDoS attacks on the DDoS Evaluation Dataset(CICDDoS2019)*** success of the proposed method is due to the combination of SLCPL,an advanced Open-Set Recognition(OSR)technique,and FCM,a traditional yet highly applicable clustering *** has yielded a novel method in the field of unknown attack *** further expands the trend of applying DL and M

关键词： Cybersecurity DDoS unknown attack detection machine learning deep learning incremental learning convolutional neural networks(CNN) open-set recognition(OSR) spatial location constraint prototype loss fuzzy c-means CICIDS2017 CICDDoS2019

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Genetics in medical school curriculum:A look at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第1期9卷 10-15页

作者： Deanne M. ROBINSON chin-to fong Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNY 14642USA

Genetics is assuming an increasingly important role in medicine. As a result,the teaching of genetics should also be increased proportionally to ensure that future physicians will be able to take advantage of the new genetic technology,and to understand the associated ethical,legal and social issues. At the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry,we have been able to incorporate genetic education into a four-year medical curriculum in a fully integrated fashion. This model may serve as a template for other medical curriculum still in development.

关键词：遗传学高等教育医学教学课程改革罗彻斯特大学

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Resection with limb salvage in an Asian male adolescent withEwing’s sarcoma: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第22期10卷 7960-7967页

作者： Chien-Ying Lai Kuan-Ju Chen Tsung-Yu Ho Ling-Yi Li Chien-Chung Kuo Hsien-Te Chen Yi-chin fong Department of Orthopedic Surgery China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404Taiwan Spine Center China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404Taiwan School of Medicine China Medical UniversityTaichung 404Taiwan

BACKGROUNDEwing’s sarcoma is a highly malignant primary bone tumor that commonly affectschildren. For young patients, multidisciplinary treatment and limb salvage arerecommended, and surgical plans considering the growth potential and boneactivity after tumor resection are *** SUMMARYAn 11-year-old Asian boy had a 1-mo history of a right-sided limping *** revealed a proximal tumor with bone destruction and physealinvolvement over the right femoral neck. He was diagnosed with stage IV(T1N0M1aG3) Ewing’s sarcoma with bilateral lung metastases. Neoadjuvantchemotherapy decreased the tumor size and confined it to the metaphysealregion. The patient underwent four stages of surgery: wide tumor excision plusreconstruction with vascular fibular bone graft plus internal fixation;repeat openreduction and internal fixation;femoral lengthening with orthosis after physealmaturity;and orthosis removal and bone elongation (approximately 6 cm).Following surgery, he could walk without discomfort and had almost equal-sizedbilateral femoral heads, indicating physis preservation. The surgery wassuccessful, and normal femoral head growth was achieved after completeremission. The patient was able to resume normal activities with equal length ofthe bilateral lower *** treatment and reconstruction following resection are important in skeletally immature patients with Ewing’s sarcoma to improve quality of life.

关键词： Ewing’s sarcoma Lower limb discrepancy Orthosis Vascular fibular graft Reconstruction Case report

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Innovative chest wall reconstruction with a locking plate and cement spacer after radical resection of chondrosarcoma in the sternum: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第10期9卷 2302-2311页

作者： Chung-Wei Lin Tsung-Yu Ho Chen-Wei Yeh Hsien-Te Chen I-Ping Chiang Yi-chin fong Department of Orthopedic Surgery China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung City 40454Taiwan Department of Education China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung City 40447Taiwan Department of Sports Medicine College of Health CareChina Medical UniversityTaichung City 40402Taiwan Spine Center China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung City 40454Taiwan Department of Pathology China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung 40454Taiwan Department of Orthopedic Surgery China Medical University Beigang HospitalYunlin County 65152Taiwan

BACKGROUND Chondrosarcoma,a cartilage matrix producing tumor,is the second most commonly observed primary bone tumor after osteosarcoma,accounting for 15%of all chest wall *** herein report the case of a patient with chondrosarcoma of the sternum and our management of the chest wall defects that presented following radical tumor *** SUMMARY A 31-year-old patient presented to our hospital with dull pain and a protruding mass overlying the chest for 3 *** presence of nocturnal pain and mass size progression was reported,as were overhead arm elevation-related *** tomography showed a focal osteoblastic mass in the sternum with bony exostosis and adjacent soft tissue *** emission tomography-computed tomography revealed hypermetabolic activity with a mass located over the upper *** resonance imaging showed a focal illdefined bony mass of the sternum with cortical destruction and periosteal *** biopsy showed a consistent result with chondrosarcoma with immunohistochemical positivity for S100 and focal positivity for *** grade II chondrosarcoma diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative *** patient underwent radical tumor resection and chest wall reconstruction with a locking plate and cement *** patient was discharged 1 wk after surgery without any *** the 1-year follow-up,there was no local recurrence on *** functional scores,including Constant Score,Nottingham Clavicle Score,and Oxford Shoulder Score,showed the absence of pain in the performance of daily activities or substantial functional *** The diagnosis of chondrosarcoma must be considered when chest wall tumors are *** surgical reconstructive materials,with a locking plate and cement spacer,used in our study are cost-effective and readily-available for the sternum defect.

关键词： Chondrosarcoma Sternum Chest wall Cement Reconstruction Case report

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Alendronate inhibits cell invasion and MMP-2 secretion in human chondrosarcoma cell line

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第8期28卷 1231-1235页

作者： Te-jen Lai Sheng-feng HSU Te-mao li Horng-chaung HSU Juang-geng lIn chin-jung HSU Ming-chih CHOU Meng-chih LEE Shun-fa yang Yi-chin fong Institute of Medicine Chung Shah Medical University~3Department of PsychiatryChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaiwanChina Gruduate Institute of Acupuncture Science China Medical UniversityTaiwanChina Department of Orthopaedic Surgery China Medical University HospitalTaiwanChina Institute of Medicine Chung Shah Medical University School of chinese Medicine China Medical UniversityTaiwanChina

Aim:Chondrosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor that responds poorly toboth chemotherapy and radiation *** aim of the present study was toinvestigate the effect of alendronate,a bisphosphonate,on the invasion andmigration of human chondrosarcoma cells(JJ012).Methods:JJ012 cells weretreated with alendronate of various concentrations up to 100μmol/L for a speci-fied period,and then gelatin zymography and matrigel invasion assay was per-formed to study the effects of alendronate on matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2activity and the invasion ability of JJ012 cells,***:Our datashowed that alendronate exerted a dose-and time-dependent inhibitory effect onthe invasion and migration of JJ012 ***,gelatin zymography andRT-PCR showed that alendronate treatment decreased the activity and mRNAlevels of MMP-2 in a concentration-dependent ***:Our find-ings suggest that alendronate may reduce MMP-2 secretion at the transcriptionaland translational levels,and inhibit the invasion of chondrosarcoma ***,alendronate may be a potential candidate for the systemic therapy of chondro-sarcomas,as well as other malignant diseases.

关键词： alendronate" bisphosphonate chondrosarcoma matrix metalloproteinase-2 invasion migration

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物理性刺激对骨膜软骨生成的影响

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中华创伤骨科杂志 2006年第10期8卷 903-907页

作者：唐逸文黄炳峰苏芳庆台湾成功大学医学工程研究所

目的探讨物理性刺激对骨膜软骨生成方面的影响,以期培养出一种与正常关节软骨更相似的软骨组织。方法从新西兰大白兔胫骨近端内侧取下骨膜,将骨膜固定在支架上,然后将细胞支架悬吊在旋转瓶内,用水流产生的剪切应力去刺激骨膜。通过宏观... 详细信息

目的探讨物理性刺激对骨膜软骨生成方面的影响,以期培养出一种与正常关节软骨更相似的软骨组织。方法从新西兰大白兔胫骨近端内侧取下骨膜,将骨膜固定在支架上,然后将细胞支架悬吊在旋转瓶内,用水流产生的剪切应力去刺激骨膜。通过宏观观察、体积大小测量、组织切片染色与细胞外基质(ECM)成分的比较及生物力学测试分析软骨体外生长的最佳环境。结果宏观观察发现软骨生长的方向与水流的方向相同。组织切片染色可见有两层不同形态的软骨细胞和不同密度的ECM,免疫组织化学染色见在剪切应力的刺激下,软骨表面可分泌浅层蛋白质及润滑剂,且在不同大小的剪切应力刺激时,软骨表面还会产生不同厚度的表层。结论剪切应力刺激能使骨膜上的干细胞分化形成软骨,同时证明力学环境不仅影响细胞的分化与生长,而且影响细胞的形态与ECM的分泌。

关键词：剪切应力骨膜软骨细胞细胞支架

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Outcomes of a non-randomised audit of single pigtail suture stents in urolithiasis management of Asian patients in Singapore

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 324-330页

作者： Ee Jean Lim Zhen Wei Choo Reshma Mangat Pradeep Durai Sarvajit Biligere Yiquan Tan Loh Hin Yeung Marcus Nicole Andrea Seet Li Ting chin Tiong Heng Stefania Ferreti Vineet Gauhar Urology Department Singapore General HospitalSingapore Urology Department Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore Urology Department Ng Teng Fong HospitalSingapore Urology Department Azienda Ospedaliera-Uiversitaria(Hospital and University of Parma)ParmaItaly

Objective:Double-J(DJ)ureteric stents are commonly placed perioperatively for semirigid or flexible ureteroscopic renal *** is believed that lesser stent material within the bladder mitigates stent-related *** study aimed to evaluate the J-Fil ureteral stent,a single pigtail suture stent compared with conventional DJ stent in relation to stent symptoms in an Asian population undergoing ureterorenal ***:Based on internal audit committee recommendation approval,the records of 50 patients retrieved,available data of 41 patients who were prospectively enrolled into two groups(Group 1[J-Fil stent group],n=21 and Group 2[DJ stent group],n=20)between August 2020 to January 2021,were *** compared were nature of procedure,stone location and size,ease of deployment or removal,and complications.A modified universal stent symptom questionnaire was used to assess morbidity of stent symptoms within 48 h of insertion and at ***:Both groups had similar median age,distribution in male to female ratio,and stone *** overall median universal stent symptom questionnaire score at insertion was similar for bladder pain,flank or loin pain,and quality of life between Group 1 and 2;however,at removal Group 1 fared significantly better than Group 2,especially for flank or loin pain and pain at *** groups had similar ease in insertion with no hospital ***:Our audit favoured the single pigtail suture stent in Asian ureters in mitigating stent-related *** showed a good safety profile with easy deployment and *** promises a new standard in stenting.

关键词： Stent Ureteroscopy Pigtail suture stent Asianpatient Flexible ureteroscopic renal surgery

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Graphical password： prevent shoulder-surfing attack using digraph substitution rules

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2017年第6期11卷 1098-1108页

作者： Lip Yee POR chin Soon KU Amanul ISLAM Tan fong ANG Department of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Department of Computer Science Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Jalan Universiti) Kampar 31900 Malaysia

In this paper, a new scheme that uses digraph substitution rules to conceal the mechanism or activity re- quired to derive password-images is proposed. In the pro- posed method, a user is only required to click on one of the pass-image instead of both pass-images shown in each chal- lenge set for three consecutive sets. While this activity is sim- ple enough to reduce login time, the images clicked appear to be random and can only be obtained with complete knowl- edge of the registered password along with the activity rules. Thus, it becomes impossible for shoulder-surfing attackers to obtain the information about which password images and pass-images are used by the user. Although the attackers may know about the digraph substitution rules used in the pro- posed method, the scenario information used in each chal- lenge set remains. User study results reveal an average login process of less than half a minute. In addition, the proposed method is resistant to shoulder-surfing attacks.

关键词： graphical password authentication shoulder-surfing data and computer security digraph substitution rules

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SYNTHESES OF AMINO ESTERS OF ETHYNYL ESTRADIOL AND ITS 3—CYCLOPENTYL ETHER

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四川大学学报(自然科学版) 1978年第Z1期 83-83页

作者： Shei Zu-Kong Lei Teh-chin Ku Lu-fong Li chu-tsai Teng Li-sheng Tcng ying hsiang Chao Hwa-ming Hsu zheu-pon

In an attempt to search for the influence of structural variation of ethynylestradiol on its physiological properties,syntheses of 3—,17β—monoestersand 3,17β—diester of the steroidal diol or its 3—cyclopentyl ether have *** acylation of the 3—hydroxyl group of ethynyl estradiol by appro-priate phthaloyl imino acyl chloride can be effected smoothly and simply atroom temperaturet pyridine being employed as reaction ***,

关键词： In ITS CYCLOPENTYL ETHER SYNTHESES OF AMINO ESTERS OF ETHYNYL ESTRADIOL AND ITS 3

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关于尿氯化物含量的生理低限值问题——高温作业工人饮料问题研究之三

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上医学报 1958年第4期 313-320页

作者：王德恒毕镐锦刘定丰顾学箕上海第一医学院劳动卫生学教研组

在本教研组第一篇报告中,根据国外文献资料,以24小时尿盐(氯化物,下同)量2克作为指标,观察了上海一般高温作业工人的一日需盐量。以后我们根据在一个机车厂对炼钢工人与浇铁工人24小时尿盐量与血浆氯化物温度的关系所作的观察,初步认为... 详细信息

在本教研组第一篇报告中,根据国外文献资料,以24小时尿盐(氯化物,下同)量2克作为指标,观察了上海一般高温作业工人的一日需盐量。以后我们根据在一个机车厂对炼钢工人与浇铁工人24小时尿盐量与血浆氯化物温度的关系所作的观察,初步认为以24小时尿盐量2克作为反映身体含盐

关键词：血浆氟化物卤化物氯化物高温作业工资劳动者工人

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