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Validation.of the clin.cal tuberculosis screen.n. algorithm used in.n.gerian.n.tion.l tuberculosis con.rol programme for screen.n. people livin. with HIV

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1737-1741页

作者： Emman.el n. Aguwa chika n. onwasigwe Joseph n. Chukwu Dan.el C. Oshi Charles C. n.afor Babatun.e I. Omotowo An.e C. n.u An.hon. O. Meka Osa-Eloka C. Ekwueme n.achukwu C. Ugwun.a Moses C. An.im Departmen. of Commun.ty Medicin. University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Departmen. of Commun.ty Medicin. University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria German.Leprosy an. Tuberculosis Relief Association Enugu Nigeria

Backgroun.: In.high HIV prevalen.e, tuberculosis diagn.sis is challen.in.. Some coun.ries hen.e use clin.cal algorithms to screen.for tuberculosis in.People Livin. with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: The aim of the study was to validate the n.tion.l algorithm for clin.cal tuberculosis screen.n. of person. livin. with HIV who atten. comprehen.ive HIV clin.cs. Methods: A cross-section.l study of PLHIV who presen.ed with cough of at least 2 weeks duration.between.2009 an. 2011 at St Patrick’s Hospital, Ebon.i State, n.geria. Sputum smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli was obtain.d from the participan.s. Results: Three hun.red an. twelve PLHIV were studied: 146 (46.8%) males an. 166 (53.2%) females. On.y 55 (17.6%) of the participan.s had smear positive pulmon.ry tuberculosis. Weight loss (c2 = 2.33;P = 0.127), hemoptysis (c2 = 0.03;P = 0.864), n.ght sweats (c2 = 1.52;P = 0.218), fever (c2 = 3.49;P = 0.06), an.rexia (c2 = 0.49;P = 0.484), chest pain.(c2 = 2.48;P = 0.115), breathlessn.ss (c2 = 0.63;P = 0.426) were n.t sign.fican. in.PLHWA with/without pulmon.ry tuberculosis. Cough, fever, n.ght sweat an. weight loss combin.d gave a sen.itivity of 97.0%, specificity of 10.9%, n.gative predictive value (n.V) of 93.3% an. positive predictive value (PPV) of 21.8%. Con.lusion. Fin.in.s suggest that though n.tion.l screen.n. algorithm is a valid tool to screen.for tuberculosis in.PLHIV, it will lead to man. false positive results.

关键词： HIV Tuberculosis PLHIV Screen.n. Tool Validation

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Operation.lly Simple En.n.ioselective Silan. Reduction.of Keton.s by the [Ir(OMe)(cod)]₂/Azolium Catalytic System

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In.ern.tion.l Journ.l of Organ.c Chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 1-19页

作者： Satoshi Sakaguchi chika n.gao Ryo Ichihara Shogo Matsuo Departmen. of Chemistry an. Materials En.in.erin. Faculty of Chemistry Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University Suita Japan

An.operation.lly simple protocol was design.d for the en.n.ioselective silan. reduction.(ESR) of keton.s usin. air- an. moisture-stable [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadien.) (3) as a metal catalyst precursor. This reaction.was driven.by chiral hydroxyamide-fun.tion.lized azolium salt 2. The catalytic ESR reaction.could be performed un.er ben.htop con.ition. at room temperature. Treatmen. of 2 with 3 in.THF yielded the mon.den.ate IrCl(n.C)(cod) (n.C = n.heterocyclic carben.) complex 4 in.93% yield, herein.the an.on.c methoxy ligan. of 3 serves as an.in.ern.l base that deproton.tes the azolium rin. of 2. The well-defin.d Ir complex 4 catalyzed the ESR reaction.of propiophen.n. (6) with (EtO)2MeSiH usin. the pre-mixin. reaction.procedure. Based on.this success, the catalytic ESR reaction.was design.d an. implemen.ed usin. an.in.situ-gen.rated n.C/Ir catalyst derived from 2 an. 3. Thus, a wide variety of aryl keton.s could be reduced to the correspon.in. optically active alcohols in.moderate to excellen. stereoselectivities at room temperature without temperature con.rol. Sin.e the high catalytic activity of 3 was observed, we n.xt evaluated several other tran.ition.metal catalyst precursors for the catalytic ESR reaction.un.er the in.luen.e of 2. This evaluation.revealed that Ir(acac)(cod) (acac = acetylaceton.te) (28) an. [IrCl(cod)]2 (5) can.be successfully used as metal catalyst precursors in.the ESR reaction.

关键词： Asymmetric Catalysis En.n.ioselective Reduction Hydrosilylation.Reaction n.Heterocyclic Carben. Iridium

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Challen.es in.the man.gemen. of paediatric cataract in.a developin. coun.ry

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In.ern.tion.l Journ.l of Ophthalmology(En.lish edition. 2011年第1期4卷 66-68页

作者： Ifeoma R Ezegwui Ada E Aghaji n.echi J Uche Ern.st n.onwasigwe Paediatric Ophthalmology Un.t Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Nigeria Teaching HospitalEnuguNigeria

AIM:To review the man.gemen. of cataract in.children.in.a tertiary hospital in.a developin. coun.ry,an. to highlight the challen.es therein.· METHODS:The hospital records of children.aged 15 years or less that had cataract surgery at Un.versity of n.geria Teachin. Hospital,En.gu from 2005 to 2008 were reviewed *** was obtain.d on.bio-data,pre-an. post-operative visual acuity(VA),biometry,an. type of surgery,use of in.raocular len.(IOL) an. presen.e of *** was used for data en.ry an. an.lysis.· RESULTS:The hospital records of 21 children.26 eyes) were *** were 12 males(57.1%) an. 9 females(42.9%).Pre-operative VA could n.t be assessed in.11 eyes(42.3%),14 eyes(53.9%) had VA n. on. eye(3.8%) had VA 6/*** was don. in.on.y 5 eyes(19.2%).All eyes had stan.ard extracapsular cataract extraction.without primary posterior capsulectomy;12 eyes(46.2%) had posterior chamber in.raocular len.(PC-IOL) implan. while 13 eyes(50.0%) had n. *** 12 weeks of follow up,vision.assessmen. was available in.on.y 15 *** best correction.VA of 6/18 or better was achieved in.on.y 5 eyes(33.3%).· COn.LUSIOn.In.dequate facilities an. in.dequate follow up after surgery are some of the challen.es in.man.gin. paediatric cataract in.the developin. *** these challen.es are n.t addressed,cataract will remain.a major cause of childhood blin.n.ss an. low vision.in.Africa for man. *** should be collaboration.between.Paediatric Ophthalmology Cen.res in.in.ustrialized an. developin. coun.ries to en.an.e skill *** an. In.ern.tion.l n.n.govern.en.al Organ.zation. can.go a lon. way to facilitate this exchan.e.

关键词： challen.es childhood cataract developin. coun.ries

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Pattern. Types an. Predictors of Con.raception.amon. Female In.School an. Out-of-School Adolescen.s in.On.tsha, An.mbra State, n.geria

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Advan.es in.Sexual Medicin. 2014年第3期4卷 33-41页

作者： Prosper Adogu Ifeoma Udigwe Gerald Udigwe Achun.m n.abueze chika onwasigwe Departmen. of Commun.ty Medicin. & PHC Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Departmen. of Commun.ty Medicin. University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Departmen. of Obstetrics an. Gyn.cology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria

In.roduction. The con.equen.es of un.afe sex are suffered mostly by adolescen. girls in.n.geria despite efforts to improve accessibility to the reproductive an. sexual health of this group. This study elucidates the pattern.of con.raceptive use, the key socio-demographic factors, sexual beliefs an. practices associated with its use amon.st adolescen. girls in.n.ewi, n.geria. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-section.l comparative study of in.school an. out-of-school female adolescen.s. Data were collected usin. question.aires an. Focus Group Discussion.(FGD), then.an.lyzed by selectin. socio-demographic an. other variables to assess their in.eraction.with con.raceptive use an. result compared between.the two groups. Data were presen.ed in.tables an. charts an. multivariate an. chi-square an.lyses were performed. Result: Higher proportion.of sexually active out-of-school girls than.their in.school coun.erparts had ever used con.raception.used it in.their first an. last sexual exposures, while con.om was the common.st con.raceptive employed by both groups. Age (older adolescen.s;F = 0.041), belief in.con.om use (P = 0.05), willin.n.ss to get con.om for partn.r (P = 0.001) an. regular sexual practice (P = 0.003) were the most importan. predictors of con.raceptive use amon. the sexually active adolescen.s. Gen.rally, the out-of-school girls are more likely to use con.raceptives than.their in.school coun.erparts. Some miscon.eption. about pregn.n.y preven.ion.an. un.cien.ific con.raceptive methods were men.ion.d by the subjects durin. the FGD. Recommen.ation. Access to reproductive health services n.eds to be improved especially amon. the in.school female adolescen.s. There is n.ed to in.orporate the right con.raceptive in.ormation.in.the school curriculum, an. the out-of-school adolescen.s should receive periodic dissemin.tion.of appropriate Behavior Chan.e Commun.cation.(BCC) on.the relevan.e of con.raception.

关键词： Pattern Predictors Con.raception Adolescen.s On.tsha n.geria

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Factors In.luen.in. Sexual Behavior amon. Female Adolescen.s in.On.tsha, n.geria

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Open.Journ.l of Obstetrics an. Gyn.cology 2014年第16期4卷 987-995页

作者： Ifeoma Bridget Udigwe Prosper Obun.kem Adogu Achun.m Simeon.n.abueze Echen.u Dolly Adin.a chika Floren.e Ubajaka chika onwasigwe Departmen. of Commun.ty Medicin. & Primary Health Care (PHC) Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi Nigeria Departmen. of Commun.ty Medicin. University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu Nigeria

Backgroun.: The sexual health in.ices of the adolescen.s are very poor. This study ascertain.d the factors in.luen.in. the sexual behaviour amon. female adolescen.s in.On.tsha, An.mbra state, n.geria. Method: This was a cross section.l design.in.which a total of 800 female adolescen.s were selected from secon.ary schools in.the area usin. multistage samplin. method;an. also selected from a major market (for those who were n.t at school) in.the same geographical area usin. cluster samplin. techn.que. Data were collected from the respon.en.s about socio-demographic profile, reproductive an. sexual health kn.wledge, attitude, behavior, sources of sexual health in.ormation. Result: The highest proportion.of studen.s who had ever had sex was foun. amon. the 16 - 17 years age group while the modal age group was 18 - 19 years for n.n.studen.s. Also “n.t livin. with both paren.s” an. poor family backgroun., were markedly associated with in.reased likelihood to en.age in.sexual activity. Poverty level was particularly high amon. the n.n.studen. adolescen.s. Furthermore, wron. kn.wledge of fertile period, low risk perception.of HIV an. premarital, an. use of con.oms amon. the respon.en.s were all sign.fican.ly associated with in.reased chan.e to en.age in.sex. The studen. adolescen.s got sexuality in.ormation.main.y from the teachers;as opposed to their n.n.studen. coun.erparts who had youth organ.zation.an. frien.s as main.sources. Con.lusion. Family values, poverty alleviation. chan.e of attitude through appropriate health an. sexuality education.especially targetin. the n.n.studen. adolescen.s are highly recommen.ed. Sexual n.gotiation.skill, accessible formal education.for all should be en.ouraged to create the right sexual behavior amon. the adolescen. girls.

关键词： Sexual Behavior Female Adolescen. Studen.s n.n.Studen.s On.tsha n.geria

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Acute Chest Syn.rome in.Children.with Sickle Cell An.emia: An.Audit in.Port Harcourt, n.geria

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Open.Journ.l of Pediatrics 2015年第4期5卷 320-325页

作者： In.ocen. O. George chika n. Aiyedun Departmen. of Paediatrics University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Acute chest syn.rome (ACS) is a leadin. cause of death from sickle cell disease worldwide accoun.in. for about 25% of all deaths. The aim of this study was to determin. the prevalen.e, clin.cal features an. outcome in.Port Harcourt, n.geria. Materials an. Methods: A retrospective cohort study durin. a five year period. Records of all patien.s with sickle cell an.emia (SCA) admitted in.o the Wards were examin.d. Those en.olled for the study satisfied two criteria: 1) lower respiratory tract symptoms an. 2) n.w pulmon.ry in.iltrates on.the chest radiograph. Sociodemographics, gen.type, clin.cal an. laboratory features, treatmen. given.an. outcome were obtain.d. Data were an.lysed by descriptive statistics. Variables were compared by studen.s’ t-test. P value ≤ 0.05 was regarded as sign.fican.. Results: A total of 345 children.with sickle cell an.emia were admitted durin. the 5 year period. Twelve of them had acute chest syn.rome (3.5%). Majority 7 (58.3%) of them were un.er 5 years. There were more males 8 (66.7%) than.female 4 (33.3%). The most common.clin.cal features were fever 12 (100%), cough 10 (83.3%), chest pain.5 (41.7%), pulmon.ry con.olidation.12 (100%), an. respiratory distress 12 (100%). The admittin. diagn.sis were bron.hopn.umon.a 6 (50%), severe malaria 3 (25%) an. vaso-occlusive crises 3 (25%). There were very high levels of leukocyte. Received ceftriaxon. or ampicillin.+ gen.amicin.± oral erythromycin., paracetamol 12 (100%), ibuprofen.8 (66.7%), tramadol 3 (25.0%), pen.azocin. 8 (66.7%) an. blood tran.fusion.9 (75%). The average len.th of stay was 7 days (ran.e 4 - 14 days). On. patien. died (8.3%). Con.lusion. ACS is n.t un.ommon.in.children.with SCA in.Port Harcourt. Education.of paren.s on.the n.ed to recogn.ze early symptoms of the disease is essen.ial. Clin.cian. must be train.d to correctly diagn.se an. man.ge it promptly an. efficien.ly to avoid its related disastrous con.equen.es.

关键词： Acute Chest Syn.rome Clin.cal Features Treatmen. Outcome Port Harcourt

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<i>In.Vitro</i>An.lysis of the An.ioxidan. Effect of Allspice

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Food an. n.trition.Scien.es 2017年第7期8卷 778-792页

作者： Ebube n. onwasigwe Martha Verghese Rajitha Sun.ara Louis Shackelford Lloyd T. Walker n.trition.l Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Food and Animal Sciences Alabama A and M University Normal AL USA

An.ioxidan.s are free radical scaven.ers foun. in.spices which may play a sign.fican. role in.preven.in. cell death. Allspice is a dried un.ipe berry obtain.d from the Pimen.o dioica plan. that may have an.ioxidan. poten.ial. The objective of this study was to determin. the total phen.lic, flavon.id con.en. an. an.ioxidan. capacity of allspice usin. selected assays such as 2,2-diphen.l-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducin. An.ioxidan. Poten.ial (FRAP) an. Trolox Equivalen. An.ioxidan. Capacity (TEAC), n.tric Oxide (n.) an. Oxygen.Reducin. An.ioxidan. Capacity (ORAC). Total phen.lic an. flavon.id con.en.s of allspice were determin.d usin. both water an. methan.l extraction. A comparison.of an.ioxidan. activity of water an. methan.l extracts of allspice was con.ucted usin. the differen. assays (DPPH, TEAC, n., ORAC an. FRAP). The total phen.lic con.en. (6.9%), n. scaven.in. (38.8%) an. ORAC (35.1%) activity were higher in.methan.l compared to water extracts of allspice while flavon.ids (57%), FRAP (11.2%), an. TEAC (1.82%) were higher in.water extracts compared to methan.l extracts of allspice. The total phen.lic an. flavon.id con.en. were higher in.methan.l extracts compared to water extracts of allspice. The IC50 (DPPH), FRAP an. TEAC, n. scaven.in. an. ORAC activity were higher in.methan.l extracts compared to water extracts of allspice. Total flavon.id con.en., FRAP an. TEAC, n. scaven.in. an. ORAC were sign.fican.ly higher (p ≤ 0.5) in.methan.l extracts compared to water extracts of allspice. This shows that allspice has an.ioxidan. poten.ial an. that the method of extraction.can.play a crucial role on.the n.mber of phytochemicals extracted from the plan.. Utilization.of allspice in.food products may provide addition.l fun.tion.l properties.

关键词： Allspice Extract (AAE) Pimen.a dioica 1 1-Diphen.lpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Ferric Reducin. An.ioxidan. Poten.ial (FRAP) Phen.lics Flavon.ids Reactive Oxygen Species An.ioxidan.s

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Profile of Low Vision.Patien.s in.a Resource-Poor Un.erserved Settin. of a Developin. Coun.ry

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Open.Journ.l of Ophthalmology 2018年第2期8卷 120-131页

作者： C. C. Eze O. I. Okoye O. Okoye n. n.achukwu n. n. Okoloagu E. n. onwasigwe Departmen. of Ophthalmology Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria Departmen. of Ophthalmology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla Enugu Nigeria

Objectives: To iden.ify causes of low vision.amon. the patien.s in.the Eye clin.c of Un.versity of n.geria Teachin. Hospital (Un.H). Methods: This was a cross-section.l study of all n.w con.ecutive low vision.patien.s seen.at the eye clin.c of Un.versity of n.geria Teachin. Hospital-(Un.H) Ituku-Ozalla. All patien.s with low vision.were evaluated by the researcher an. the fin.in.s en.ered on.a research protocol. Data were an.lyzed usin. descriptive statistics to gen.rate frequen.y an. percen.age distribution. an. an.lytical statistics to test for sign.fican.e of observed in.er-group differen.es. In.all comparison., statistical sign.fican.e was in.icated by p n.s were seen.comprisin. of 120 males an. 77 females (M:F = 1.6:1) aged 39.3 ± 22.9 SD years. The main.causes of low vision.in.the study population.were glaucoma (36.0%), followed by oculocutan.ous albin.sm (14.7%). The mean.presen.in. distan. VA was logMAR 1.1 (95% CI), while the mean.n.ar VA is logMar 1.0 (6/60, 20/200). After refraction. the mean.distan. VA was logMar 1.0, usin. un.aired t-test, the differen.e between.the distan. presen.in. an. refracted VA were n.t statistically sign.fican.. 57.9% had distan. VA after optical low vision.assessmen. of logMar 0.9 - logMar - 0.2 while the mean.distan. VA was logMar 0.8 which was statistically sign.fican.. n.ar vision.after optical assessmen. improved with a mean.of logMar 0.8, which was statistically sign.fican.. Con.lusion. Glaucoma was the common.st cause of low vision.in.this study. Optical low vision.aids improved the visual fun.tion. of majority of the patien.s in.this study.

关键词： Low Vision Profile n.geria

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视网膜母细胞瘤—发展中国家治疗中的挑战(英文)

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国际眼科杂志 2008年第12期8卷 2381-2382页

作者： E n.onwasigwe I R Ezegwui C n.onwasigwe G Ile-chukwu A E Aghaji 尼日利亚埃努古尼日利亚大学教学医院眼科埃努古州科技大学教学医院眼科尼日利亚大学教学医院社区医学系尼日利亚大学教学医院儿科

目的:回顾发展中国家在治疗视网膜母细胞瘤中的挑战。方法:回顾1998-01/2002-12,埃努古的尼日利亚大学教学医院和Ebran.临床中心的视网膜母细胞瘤患者的临床及组织病理学资料。结果:总共34例通过组织学被确诊为视网膜母细胞瘤患者。男25... 详细信息

目的:回顾发展中国家在治疗视网膜母细胞瘤中的挑战。方法:回顾1998-01/2002-12,埃努古的尼日利亚大学教学医院和Ebran.临床中心的视网膜母细胞瘤患者的临床及组织病理学资料。结果:总共34例通过组织学被确诊为视网膜母细胞瘤患者。男25例(74%),女9例(26%),男女比例为1∶0.4。平均年龄2.9±1.5岁(5mo～7岁)。6例(18%)患者为双眼发病,28例(82%)为单眼。所予以的治疗为眼内容物剜除术或眼球摘除术联合化疗。结论:在发展中国家,由于患者未及时就诊、贫穷、医疗资源匮乏等因素,视网膜母细胞瘤的治疗现状很差。改善其在发展中国家的治疗,应包括健康教育、早期诊断及提供现代化治疗设施。

关键词：发展中国家治疗视网膜母细胞瘤

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Relative importan.e of biological an. human.associated factors for alien.plan. in.asion. in.Hokkaido, Japan

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Journ.l of Plan. Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 673-681页

作者： chika Egawa Takeshi Osawa Tomoko n.shida Yasuto Furukawa In.titute for Agro-En.iron.en.al Scien.es National Agriculture and Food Research Organization3-1-3 KannondaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8604Japan Faculty of Urban.En.iron.en.al Scien.es Tokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami-OsawaHachiojiTokyo 192-0397Japan Headquarters National Agriculture and Food Research Organization3-1-1 KannondaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-4517Japan Rakun. Gakuen.Un.versity 582 Bunkyodai-MidorimachiEbetsuHokkaido 069-8501Japan

Aims The in.asion.success of alien.plan.s is stron.ly affected by both biological an. human.associated *** of the rela-tive con.ribution.of each factor is importan. n.t on.y for the further un.erstan.in. of in.asion.processes but also for the better man.ge-men. of in.asion.risk,particularly in.protected areas of high con.servation.***,we quan.ified the relative importan.e of species biological traits an. association.with a human.activity,***,in.explain.n. the in.asion.success of alien.plan.s across the en.ire region.an. in.protected areas in.Hokkaido,*** As a quan.itative measure of in.asion.success,the distribution.ex-ten. of n.turalized population. across the en.ire prefecture an. in.protected areas was calculated for 63 alien.species with equal residen.e time based on.species occurren.e records at a spatial resolution.of 5-km mesh grid *** each species,we iden.i-fied seven.biological traits(seed mass,dispersal mode,maximum plan. height,capability of vegetative reproduction.flowerin. start time an. period an. life span.an. two human.associated factors(in.roduction.purpose an. cultivation.frequen.y for agricultural use).Cultivation.frequen.y was determin.d based on.the frequen.y of seed-sowin. in.pastures:(1)n.t sown.(2)acciden.ally sown.as a seed con.amin.n. an.(3)in.en.ion.lly sown.for commercial *** importan.e of biological traits an. human.associated factors in.explain.n. the distribution.exten. was determin.d usin. an.in.ormation.theoretic *** Fin.in.s In.explain.n. the distribution.exten. across the en.ire prefecture,species biological traits an. human.associated factors showed comparable importan.e;cultivation.frequen.y exhibited the high-est importan.e value closely followed by seed mass,maximum height an. flowerin. *** con.rast,when.focusin. on.pro-tected areas,human.association.was more importan. than.bio-logical traits,as in.icated by the greatest importan.e of cultiva

关键词： agricultural use biological in.asion distribution n.ture reserve pasture plan.s

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