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Developmental dysplasia of the hip in the newborn: A systematic review

World Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第2期4卷 32-41页

作者： Vivek Gulati Kelechi Eseonu Junaid Sayani Nizar Ismail chika uzoigwe Muhammed Zaki Choudhury Pooja Gulati Adeel Aqil Saket Tibrewal Department of Orthopaedic Sur-gery Imperial College NHS Trust London W6 8RF United Kingdom Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Leicester Royal Infirmary Infirmary Square Leicester LE1 5WW United Kingdom Department of Orthopaedic Sur-gery Birmingham Healthcare Trust Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TH United Kingdom London Rheumatology Rotation London W6 8RF United Kingdom

Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) denotes a wide spectrum of conditions ranging from subtle acetabular dysplasia to irreducible hip dislocations. Clinical diagnostic tests complement ultrasound imaging in allowing diagnosis, classification and monitoring of this condition. Classification systems relate to the alpha and beta angles in addition to the dynamic coverage index(DCI). Screening programmes for DDH show considerable geographic variation; certain risk factors have been identified which necessitate ultrasound assessment of the newborn. The treatment of DDH has undergone significant evolution, but the current gold standard is still the Pavlik harness. Duration of Pavlik harness treatment has been reported to range from 3 to 9.3 mo. The beta angle, DCI and the superior/lateral femoral head displacement can be assessed via ultrasound to estimate the likelihood of success. Success rates of between 7% and 99% have been reported when using the harness to treat DDH. Avascular necrosis remains the most devastating complication of harness usage with a reported rate of between 0% and 28%. Alternative non-surgical treatment methods used for DDH include devices proposed by LeD amany, Frejka, Lorenz and Ortolani. The Rosen splint and Wagner stocking have also been used for DDH treatment. Surgical treatment for DDH comprises open reduction alongside a combination of femoral or pelvic osteotomies. Femoral osteotomies are carried out in cases of excessive anteversion or valgus deformity of the femoral neck. The two principal pelvic osteotomies most commonly performed are the Salter osteotomy and Pemberton acetabuloplasty. Serious surgical complications include epiphyseal damage, sciatic nerve damage and femoral neck fracture.

关键词： Developmental dysplasia of the hip Congenital Pavlik harness Ultrasound screening Pelvic osteotomy

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Management of achilles tendon injury: A current concepts systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第4期6卷 380-386页

作者： Vivek Gulati Matthew Jaggard Shafic Said Al-Nammari chika uzoigwe Pooja Gulati Nizar Ismail Charles Gibbons Chinmay Gupte Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Imperial College

Achilles tendon rupture has been on the rise over recent years due to a variety of reasons. It is a debilitating injury with a protracted and sometimes incomplete recovery. Management strategy is a controversial topic and evidence supporting a definite approach is limited. Opinion is divided between surgical repair and conservative immobilisation in conjunction with functional orthoses. A systematic search of the literature was performed. Pubmed, Medline and EmB ase databases were searched for Achilles tendon and a variety of synonymous terms. A recent wealth of reporting suggests that conservative regimens with early weight bearing or mobilisation have equivalent or improved rates of re-rupture to operative regimes. The application of dynamic ultrasound assessment of tendon gap may prove crucial in minimising re-rupture and improving outcomes. Studies employing functional assessments have found equivalent function between operative and conservative treatments. However, no specific tests in peak power, push off strength or athletic performance have been reported and whether an advantage in operative treatment exists remains undetermined.

关键词： Orthopaedic surgery Achilles tendon injury Sports injury Tendon rupture Conservative management

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Patents and intellectual property in orthopaedics and arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： chika Edward uzoigwe Ahmed Shoaib Department of Medicine Harcourt HouseSheffield S101DGUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Huddersfield Royal InfirmaryHuddersfield HD33EAUnited Kingdom

The provision of musculoskeletal services comes at a cost.This is,in part,due to the expense of patent-protected orthopaedic implants.However,patents have a finite lifespan.Patents of the most successful implants are now beginning to expire.They will be exposed to competition from generic but equivalent implants.The net effect is potentially a dramatic diminution in cost.One company,Orthimo,has taken advantage of this and begun manufacturing generic implants with identical design specifications to the most bio-durable hip prostheses.This will ultimately have a radical impact upon musculoskeletal healthcare provision with regard to cost and accessibility.The expiration of drug patents,with the subsequent use of generic drugs saves£7.1 billion annually in the United Kingdom and$254 billion in the USA.Estimates suggest the introduction of equivalent implants could result in an annual cost saving to the United Kingdom National Health Service of£120 million.Intellectual property remains an enigmatic area of law.It encompasses anodyne principles that seek to protect innovation but are open to manipulation and exploitation.The last decade has seen the emergence of undesirable practices in the medical industry such as"patent trolling".Here we explore patents and their repercussions for musculoskeletal care.

关键词： Patent Arthroplasty Patent trolling Implant approval Intellectual property Health care costs

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,neuroinflammation,and sigma 1 receptors as contributors to depression and its treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2202-2211页

作者： chika Fujii Charles F.Zorumski Yukitoshi Izumi Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

The etiological factors contributing to depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders are largely undefined. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and autophagy are well-defined mechanisms that play critical functions in recognizing and resolving cellular stress and are possible targets for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. An increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the control of neuroinflammation, a contributing factor to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Initial inflammatory triggers induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroinflammatory responses. Subsequently, induction of autophagy by neurosteroids and other signaling pathways that converge on autophagy induction are thought to participate in resolving neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Studies focused on innate immune factors, including neurosteroids with anti-inflammatory roles will be reviewed. In the context of depression, animal models that led to our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying depression will be highlighted, including the roles of sigma 1 receptors and pharmacological agents that dampen endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated neuroinflammation.

关键词： allopregnanolone fluvoxamine ketamine neurosteroids postpartum depression quercetin

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Operationally Simple Enantioselective Silane Reduction of Ketones by the [Ir(OMe)(cod)]₂/Azolium Catalytic System

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 1-19页

作者： Satoshi Sakaguchi chika Nagao Ryo Ichihara Shogo Matsuo Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Faculty of Chemistry Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University Suita Japan

An operationally simple protocol was designed for the enantioselective silane reduction (ESR) of ketones using air- and moisture-stable [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) (3) as a metal catalyst precursor. This reaction was driven by chiral hydroxyamide-functionalized azolium salt 2. The catalytic ESR reaction could be performed under benchtop conditions at room temperature. Treatment of 2 with 3 in THF yielded the monodentate IrCl(NHC)(cod) (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complex 4 in 93% yield, herein the anionic methoxy ligand of 3 serves as an internal base that deprotonates the azolium ring of 2. The well-defined Ir complex 4 catalyzed the ESR reaction of propiophenone (6) with (EtO)2MeSiH using the pre-mixing reaction procedure. Based on this success, the catalytic ESR reaction was designed and implemented using an in situ-generated NHC/Ir catalyst derived from 2 and 3. Thus, a wide variety of aryl ketones could be reduced to the corresponding optically active alcohols in moderate to excellent stereoselectivities at room temperature without temperature control. Since the high catalytic activity of 3 was observed, we next evaluated several other transition metal catalyst precursors for the catalytic ESR reaction under the influence of 2. This evaluation revealed that Ir(acac)(cod) (acac = acetylacetonate) (28) and [IrCl(cod)]2 (5) can be successfully used as metal catalyst precursors in the ESR reaction.

关键词： Asymmetric Catalysis Enantioselective Reduction Hydrosilylation Reaction N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iridium

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Emotion Measurement Using Biometric Signal

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 395-404页

作者： Yukina Miyagi Saori Gocho Yuka Miyachi chika Nakayama Shoshiro Okada Kenta Maruyama Taeyuki Oshima College of Pharmacy Kinjo Gakuin University Nagoya Japan Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan Department of Pharmacy Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital Nagoya Japan Department of Pharmacy Gifu University of Medical Science Kani Japan

In recent years, research on the estimation of human emotions has been active, and its application is expected in various fields. Biological reactions, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and root mean square successive difference (RMSSD), are indicators that are less influenced by individual arbitrariness. The present study used EEG and RMSSD signals to assess the emotions aroused by emotion-stimulating images in order to investigate whether various emotions are associated with characteristic biometric signal fluctuations. The participants underwent EEG and RMSSD while viewing emotionally stimulating images and answering the questionnaires. The emotions aroused by emotionally stimulating images were assessed by measuring the EEG signals and RMSSD values to determine whether different emotions are associated with characteristic biometric signal variations. Real-time emotion analysis software was used to identify the evoked emotions by describing them in the Circumplex Model of Affect based on the EEG signals and RMSSD values. Emotions other than happiness did not follow the Circumplex Model of Affect in this study. However, ventral attentional activity may have increased the RMSSD value for disgust as the β/θ value increased in right-sided brain waves. Therefore, the right-sided brain wave results are necessary when measuring disgust. Happiness can be assessed easily using the Circumplex Model of Affect for positive scene analysis. Improving the current analysis methods may facilitate the investigation of face-to-face communication in the future using biometric signals.

关键词： Biometric Signals Electroencephalogram Electrocardiogram Emotion Communication

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Determinants and Outcomes of Pregnancies among Booked versus Unbooked Patients in a Tertiary Hospital South East, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 144-161页

作者： Chijioke S. Anyigor-Ogah John O. Egede Chijioke O. Ogeh chika C. Agunanne Alphosus I. Ozioko Chinyere C. Duru Department of Family Medicine Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria

Background: Inadequate antenatal care, both in coverage and standard, has been linked with poor pregnancy outcomes. In a resource poor setting, home delivery is considered very cheap, but the possible outcome of such pregnancies has been a subject of interest. This study evaluated the association of booking status with pregnancy outcomes. Objectives: To examine the factors that influence booking and impact of the booking status on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective cohort study of 240 (120 booked and 120 un-booked) pregnant mothers selected through systematic random sampling. The study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.39 ± 5.05 years and 29.05 ± 6.36 years respectively for the booked and unbooked. Marital status (OR = 6.35, 95% CI = 1.24 - 32.59), educational status (OR = 36.40, 95% CI = 5.26-152.83), place of residence (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.06 - 0.41), partner’s support (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.37), family support (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.13), mode of delivery (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.46), APGAR score in first minute (OR = 6.02, 95% CI = 2.45 - 14.83) and NBICU admission (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.67 - 8.43) were associated with booked status. However, being unmarried, nulliparity/grandmultiparity, low level of education, blue colar jobs, low income, rural dwelling and poor partner and poor family support were associated with the unbooked. The booked parturients had a better perinatal outcome compared the unbooked. Conclusion/Recommendation: There was high prevalence of operative deliveries, perinatal morbidity and mortality among the unbooked mothers. Girl child education, employment and poverty alleviation would improve antenatal care utilization.

关键词： Socio-Demographic Characteristics Booking Status Antenatal Delivery

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Impact of Mobile Technology and Use of Big Data in Physics Education During Coronavirus Lockdown

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2023年第3期6卷 381-389页

作者： Edeh Michael Onyema Rijwan Khan Nwafor chika Eucheria Tribhuwan Kumar Department of Vocational and Technical Education Faculty of EducationAlex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu-AlikeAbakalikiP.M.B.1010Nigeria Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Coal City UniversityEnugu 2022/2023Nigeria. Department of Computer Science and Engineering ABES Institute of Technology(affiliated to AKTU)Ghaziabad 20109India. Department of Science Education Ebonyi State UniversityAbakaliki 480103Nigeria. Department of English Language and Literature College of Science and Humanities in SlayelPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj 16436Saudi Arabia.

The speed of spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 led to global lockdowns and disruptions in the academic sector.The study examined the impact of mobile technology on physics education during lockdowns.Data were collected through an online survey and later evaluated using regression tools,frequency,and an analysis of variance(ANOVA).The findings revealed that the usage of mobile technology had statistically significant effects on physics instructors’and students’academics during the coronavirus lockdown.Most of the participants admitted that the use of mobile technologies such as smartphones,laptops,PDAs,Zoom,mobile apps,etc.were very useful and helpful for continued education amid the pandemic restrictions.Online teaching is very effective during lock-down with smartphones and laptops on different platforms.The paper brings the limelight to the growing power of mobile technology solutions in physics education.

关键词： coronavirus smartphone mobile technology physics education remote learning

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Application of quantum computing in discrete portfolio optimization

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2023年第4期8卷 453-464页

作者： Justus Shunza Mary Akinyemi chika Yinka-Banjo Operations Research&Information Engineering Cornell University36 Hoy RoadIthaca14853New YorkUnited States Department of Mathematics University of LagosAkokaLagos101017LagosNigeria Department of Computer Sciences University of LagosAkokaLagos10101zLagosNigeria

This study proposes a novel and more efficient quantum algorithm for portfolio optimization using quantum combinatorial optimization(Qco)techniques.A recent construction developed in 2021 has sparked the field of financial portfolio optimization through the Quantum Walk Optimization Algorithm(QWOA).In this study,we investigated the complexity and efficiency of quantum optimization algorithms with a special interest in QWOA.The objective is to minimize investment risk by having a good combination of assets in the portfolio.We also focused on reducing the number of iterations while attaining a high-quality resolution through contraction of the solution space to ease computations.The concept of QwOA was extended by constructing a newly outperforming scheme known as the"Quantum Mix Optimization Algorithm(QMOA)."QMOA algorithm codes were provided for the implementation and simulation of numerical results.In addition,the efficiency of QMOA,which is better than the existing QCO algorithms,was discussed.For instance,the least QWOA number of computations required to execute the initial state equation was p>2,whereas this value was p≥2 in the proposed QMOA.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization Induced tadpolegraph Lattice Qubits Trajectory

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Fragmented QRS complex with an additional R-wave attenuated by short RR interval in a patient with acute pulmonary embolism and cardiogenic shock

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第12期19卷 995-1000页

作者： Koji Takahashi Hiromasa Nakahara Eiji Arimitsu Satoshi Imamine Yoshiyasu Obata Kimio Nakanishi Yoshiyasu Taniguchi Maiko Amano chika Omori Takafumi Okura Department of Community Emergency Medicine Ehime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan Department of Cardiology Yawatahama City General HospitalEhimeJapan Department of Internal Medicine Oozu City HospitalEhimeJapan Department of Clinical Laboratory Oozu City HospitalEhimeJapan

Registries and hospital discharge datasets of unselected patients with pulmonary embolism show 30-day all-cause mortality rates of approximately 10%.[1]Clinical findings from histories and physical examinations,such as age,systemic blood pressure,and respiratory rate at presentation,classify patients into risk classes of increasing risk of death and other adverse medical outcomes.

关键词： mortality patients Clinical

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