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The ionosphere under extremely prolonged low solar activity

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The ionosphere under extremely prolonged low solar activity

Comparative study of the equatorial ionosphere over Jicamarca during recent two solar minima

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）学术年会

作者： Vladimir I.Kurkin Nelya M.Polekh chien-chih lee Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics Russian Academy of Sciences IrkutskRussia General Education Center Ching-Yun University JhungliTaiwan

[1]A critical question in ionospheric physics is the state of the ionosphere and relevant processes under extreme solar *** solar activity during 2007-2009 is extremely prolonged low,which offers us a unique opportunity to explore this issue. In this study,we collected the global ionosonde measurements of the F layer critical frequency(fF),E layer critical frequency(fE),and F layer virtual height(h’F) and the total electron content(TEC) maps produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,which were retrieved from dual-frequency GPS receivers distributed worldwide,to investigate the ionospheric phenomena during solar minimum of cycle 23/24,particularly the difference in the ionosphere between solar minima of cycle 23/24 and the preceding *** analysis indicates that the moving 1 year mean fF at most ionosonde stations and the global average TEC went to the lowest during cycle 23/24 *** solar cycle differences in fF minima display local time dependence,being more negative during the daytime than at ***,the cycle difference in daytime fF minima is about -0.5 MHz and even reaches to around -1.2 *** contrast,a complex picture presents in global h’F and fE,Evident reduction exists prevailingly in the moving 1 year mean hF at most stations,while no huge differences are detected at several stations.A compelling feature is the increase in fJE at some stations,which requires independent data for further *** analysis indicates that record low fF and low TEC can be explained principally in terms of the decline in solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance recorded by SOHO/SEM,which suggests low solar EUV being the prevailing contributor to the unusual low electron density in the ionosphere during cycle 23/24 *** also verifies that a quadratic fitting still reasonably captures the solar variability of fF and global average TEC at such low solar activity levels.

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Comparative study of the equatorial ionosphere over Jicamarc...

Machine learning-based comparison of factors influencing estimated glomerular filtration rate in Chinese women with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2012年度（第12届）学术年会

作者： Libo Liu Jun Yang Huijun Le Yiding Chen Weixing Wan chien-chih lee Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences General Education Center Ching-Yun University

[1]It is a critical issue that whether or not the extremely deep solar minimum of solar cycle 23/24 brought serious influences on the Earth’s space *** this study,we collected and manually scaled the ionograms recorded by a DPS ionosonde at Jicamarca (12.0°S,283.2°E) to retrieve F layer parameters and electron density(Ne) profiles. A comparative study is performed to evaluate the equatorial ionosphere in solar minima of

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第15期12卷 2506-2521页

作者： I-chien Chen Lin-Ju Chou Shih-Chen Huang Ta-Wei Chu Shang-Sen lee Department of Nursing Kaohsiung Armed Forces General HospitalKaohsiung 802Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan Chief Executive Officer's Office MJ Health Research FoundationTaipei 114Taiwan Department of Urology Taichung Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationTaichung 427Taiwan School of Medicine Tzu Chi UniversityHualian 970Taiwan Department of Urology Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan

BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)has increased *** with NAFLD are known to have higher chance for renal function *** past studies used traditional multiple linear regression(MLR)to identify risk factors for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).However,medical research is increasingly relying on emerging machine learning(Mach-L)*** present study enrolled healthy women to identify factors affecting eGFR in subjects with and without NAFLD(NAFLD+,NAFLD-)and to rank their *** To uses three different Mach-L methods to identify key impact factors for eGFR in healthy women with and without *** A total of 65535 healthy female study participants were enrolled from the Taiwan MJ cohort,accounting for 32 independent variables including demographic,biochemistry and lifestyle parameters(independent variables),while eGFR was used as the dependent *** from MLR,three Mach-L methods were applied,including stochastic gradient boosting,eXtreme gradient boosting and elastic *** of estimation were used to define method accuracy,where smaller degree of error indicated better model *** Income,albumin,eGFR,High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol,phosphorus,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and sleep time were all lower in the NAFLD+group,while other factors were all significantly higher except for smoking ***-L had lower estimation errors,thus outperforming *** Model 1,age,uric acid(UA),FEV1,plasma calcium level(Ca),plasma albumin level(Alb)and T-bilirubin were the most important factors in the NAFLD+group,as opposed to age,UA,FEV1,Alb,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and Ca for the *** the importance percentage was much higher than the 2nd important factor,we built Model 2 by removing *** The eGFR were lower in the NAFLD+group compared to the NAFLD-group,with age being was the most important impact factor in both groups of he

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver Estimated glomerular filtration rate Machine learning Chinese women

A Review on Soft Ionic Touch Point Sensors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： Gibeom lee Donghyun lee Gwang-Bum Im Younghoon lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon University1342 SeongnamdaeroSujeong-guSeongnam 13120South Korea Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115USA

A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine *** sensors have been developed in wearable,attachable,and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from *** be applied to the human body,sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the *** materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties,which include high stretchability,transparency,ionic conductivity,and ***,this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors,focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the *** touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive,piezoresistive,surface capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric and triboresistive *** review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential.

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch sensors

Autolysosomal acidification impairment as a mediator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asimakidou Richard Reynolds Anna M.Barron chih Hung Lo Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an emerging form of regulated cell death associated with neuroinflammatory signaling:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as well as progressive neuronal *** evidence has suggested that prolonged neuroinflammation with increased levels of cytokines,arising from neuronal injury,innate immune responses from glial cells,and peripheral inflammation,leads to neuronal death and AD progression.

关键词： Alzheimer death tau Aβ

Enhancing Identity Protection in Metaverse-Based Psychological Counseling System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 617-632页

作者： Jun lee Hanna lee Seong Chan lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-si31499Korea Yatav Enter Seoul04799Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoul01805Korea

Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client ***,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the *** study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face *** proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their ***,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse *** system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse *** performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone ***,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point *** indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling ***,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological *** proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.

关键词： Metaverse counseling system face tracking identity protection

Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.lee S.CHANG J.lee Department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

Pyrometallurgical recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1554-1571页

作者： Juheon lee Kwang Won Park Il Sohn Sanghoon lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul 03722Korea Yonsei Industry Cooperation Center Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Korea RD Solution Wanju gunJeollabuk do 55365Korea

The global importance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has been increasingly underscored with the advancement of high-performance energy storage ***,the end-of-life of these batteries poses significant challenges from environmental,economic,and resource management *** review paper focuses on the pyrometallurgy-based recycling process of lithium-ion batteries,exploring the fundamental understanding of this process and the importance of its *** on the high energy consumption and emission gas issues of the pyrometallurgical recycling process,we systematically analyzed the capital-intensive nature of this process and the resulting technological ***,we conducted an in-depth discussion on the future research directions to overcome the existing technological barriers and *** review will provide valuable insights for researchers and industry stakeholders in the battery recycling field.

关键词： spent lithium-ion batteries recycling sustainability lithium valuable metal

Block Incremental Dense Tucker Decomposition with Application to Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Air Quality Data

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 319-336页

作者： SangSeok lee HaeWon Moon lee Sael Department of Artificial Intelligence Ajou UniversitySuwon-si16499Korea Department of Software and Computer Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon-si16499Korea

How can we efficiently store and mine dynamically generated dense tensors for modeling the behavior of multidimensional dynamic data?Much of the multidimensional dynamic data in the real world is generated in the form of time-growing *** example,air quality tensor data consists of multiple sensory values gathered from wide locations for a long *** data,accumulated over time,is redundant and consumes a lot ofmemory in its raw *** need a way to efficiently store dynamically generated tensor data that increase over time and to model their behavior on demand between arbitrary time *** this end,we propose a Block IncrementalDense Tucker Decomposition(BID-Tucker)method for efficient storage and on-demand modeling ofmultidimensional spatiotemporal *** that tensors come in unit blocks where only the time domain changes,our proposed BID-Tucker first slices the blocks into matrices and decomposes them via singular value decomposition(SVD).The SVDs of the time×space sliced matrices are stored instead of the raw tensor blocks to save *** modeling from data is required at particular time blocks,the SVDs of corresponding time blocks are retrieved and incremented to be used for Tucker *** factor matrices and core tensor of the decomposed results can then be used for further data *** compared our proposed BID-Tucker with D-Tucker,which our method extends,and vanilla Tucker *** show that our BID-Tucker is faster than both D-Tucker and vanilla Tucker decomposition and uses less memory for storage with a comparable reconstruction *** applied our proposed BID-Tucker to model the spatial and temporal trends of air quality data collected in South Korea from 2018 to *** were able to model the spatial and temporal air quality *** were also able to verify unusual events,such as chronic ozone alerts and large fire events.

关键词： Dynamic decomposition tucker tensor tensor factorization spatiotemporal data tensor analysis air quality