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Need of surveillance response systems to combat Ebola outbreaks and other emerging infectious diseases in African countries

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 278-284,277页

作者： Ernest Tambo emmanuel chidiebere ugwu Jeane Yonkeu Ngogang Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Wits 21st Century InstituteFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Center for Sustainable Malaria Control Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Department of Human BiochemistryNnamdi Azikiwe University AwkaNnewi CampusNigeria Facultédes Sciences Biomédicales Département de BiochimieUniversitéde YaoundéYaoundéRépublique du Cameroun National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Preventionand the WHO Collaborating Centre on MalariaSchisostomiasis and FilariasisShanghai 200025PR China

There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease(EVD),formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever,and the public health burden that it *** 1976,there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2,512 cases and 932 fatality in West *** are certain requirements that must be met when responding to EVD outbreaks and this process could incur certain *** the purposes of this paper,five have been identified:(i)the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa;(ii)the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic,anxiety,psychosocial trauma,isolation and dignity impounding,stigmatisation,community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences;(iii)limited financial resources,human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses,practices and management;(iv)inadequate leadership and coordination;and(v)the lack of development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing,controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the ***,there is an urgent need to develop and implement an active early warning alert and surveillance response system for outbreak response and control of emerging infectious *** the unending risks of transmission dynamics and resurgence is essential in implementing rapid effective response interventions tailored to specific local settings and ***,the following actions are recommended:(i)national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings,as well as critical human resources developme

关键词： Surveillance response system Ebola Outbreak Emerging infectious diseases Africa

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Are surveillance response systems enough to effectively combat and contain the Ebola outbreak?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 58-61页

作者： Viroj Wiwanitkit Ernest Tambo emmanuel chidiebere ugwu Jeane Yonkeu Ngogang Xiao-Nong Zhou Surin Rajabhat University BangkokThailand Joseph Ayo Babalola University OsogboNigeria Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Wits 21st Century InstituteFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Biochemistry Center for Sustainable Malaria ControlFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Department of Human Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNnewi CampusNigeria Département de Biochimie Facultédes Sciences BiomédicalesUniversitéde YaoundéYaoundéRépublique du Cameroun National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Preventionand the WHO Collaborating Centre on MalariaSchistosomiasis and FilariasisShanghai 200025PR China

The epidemic of the Ebola virus infection in West Africa in 2014 has become a worldwide *** to the nature of the disease,which has an extremely high mortality potential,this outbreak has received much attention from researchers and public health *** article entitled“Need of surveillance response systems to combat Ebola outbreaks and other emerging infectious diseases in African countries,”published in the journal Infectious Diseases of Poverty in August 2014,concluded that a good surveillance system to monitor disease transmission dynamics is essential and needs to be implemented to combat the *** regarding the limitation of the passive surveillance system have been raised by Professor Viroj Wiwanitkit,who emphasizes the need for an active disease detection system such as mass screening in this letter to *** different function between passive and active surveillance system in combating the disease outbreak has been agreed upon by Ernest Tambo et *** have also been discussions between Wiwanitkit and Tambo et *** the following issues:(i)the extreme resource limitations in outbreak areas,(ii)new technology to improve the available *** recommendations echoed in this letter to editor by Wiwanitkit,who outlined the research priorities on the development of appropriate combined disease monitoring systems and good policy to allocate available tools and technology in resource-limited settings for epidemic *** journal’s editor,Professor Xiao-Nong Zhou,has therefore collated all parts of these discussions between authors in this letter to editor paper,in order to further promote research on a combined active and passive system to combat the present extending Ebola outbreak.

关键词： Ebola Outbreak Surveillance response systems Africa

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The Functional Role of Garlic and Bioactive Components in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health: What We Do Know

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第10期4卷 28-42页

作者： chidiebere emmanuel ugwu Stephen Monday Suru Department of Human Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nnewi Campus Nnewi Nigeria

Cardiovascular disease is a complex and multifactorial disease strongly associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, reduced ?brinolysis, increased blood-clotting time and increased platelet aggregation. Among other confounding factors, oxidative damage is a major factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The use of garlic in folkloric medicine highlights the potential role in either preventing or delaying cardiovascular disease. Contemporary research reveals how garlic and bioactive components modulate the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases thus tending towards validating a measure of folkloric claims concerning the functional efficacy of garlic. This review seeks to elucidate contemporary research attempt towards the validation of the role of garlic and bioactive components, mechanisms of action involved and to define its ultimate role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Some contradictory claims exist possibly due to the use of different experimental protocols/formulations/dosages of garlic. Overwhelming commonality of positive cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular responses reside among research studies thus offering compelling evidence in supports of the bene?cial health effects of garlic and components.

关键词： Garlic Cardiovascular Cerebrovascular Bioactive Components

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Evidence-based universal health coverage interventions delivery in infectious disease of poverty elimination and eradication

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 90-90页

作者： Ernest Tambo chidiebere E.ugwu Amberbir Alemayehu Anil Krishna Agnes Binagwaho Center for Leadership in Global Health Equity University of Global HealthEquityKigaliRwanda Africa Disease Intelligence Preparedness and Response(ADIPR)YaoundeCameroon Higher Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineBangangteCameroon Institute for Global Health Equity Research University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda Department of Human Biochemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewiAnambraNigeria

The recent 78th United Nations General Assembly(UNGA)declaration relaunched a new health priority and political commitment in accelerating Universal Health Coverage(UHC),adopted by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 and are intended to be met by *** mid-way point of UHC implementation,we advocate for the much needed program-matic implementation research,evidence-based interventions(EBls)policies and strategies leadership and manage-ment capacity building to enable robust,resilient and sustainable multi-sectoral partnerships,integrated coordination and governance mechanisms capabilities in accelerating UHC package mainly infectious diseases of poverty elimina-tion and eradication agenda.

关键词： elimination enable poverty

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Adjuvant Rectal Diclofenac for Post Operative Analgesia after Caesarean Section—A Randomized Controlled Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 591-609页

作者： Eziaha Eric S. Ede Ayodele A. Olaleye John C. Irechukwu Uchenna Nelson Nwaedu Borniface N. Ejikeme Vincent chidiebere Ali Bartholomew I. Olinya Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Pain management following caesarean section still remains a challenge in our environment. Most potent analgesics are either not readily available or expensive. Diclofenac suppository is an NSAID that can be used for postoperative analgesia. It is available and affordable. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of combined rectal diclofenac and intramuscular pentazocine with intramuscular pentazocine alone for post operative pain control following lower segment caesarean section. METHODOLOGY: A total of 120 women who met the selection criteria scheduled for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine were randomized into two equal groups to receive either 75 mg diclofenac suppository 12 hourly for 24 hours or one anusol suppository (the placebo) 12 hourly for 24 hours. Both groups received pentazocine as primary analgesia. RESULT: The primary outcome measure is the proportion of patients with severe pain at 24 hours using the visual analogue rating scale. Secondary outcome measures are the time from surgery to ambulation, Passage of flatus, maternal satisfaction and presence of complications. Statistical analysis was done using spss version 22 and graph pad statistical package. Student T-test was used for continuous variables whereas chi square was used for categorical variables P CONCLUSION: Adjuvant rectal diclofenac is superior to pentazocine alone in the management of pain after caesarean section. Less number of patients had moderate to severe pain at 24 hours post operation. Maternal satisfaction in relation to pain management is better with diclofenac suppository. The levels of complications were comparable in both groups.

关键词： Pain Caesarean Section Diclofenac Placebo Suppository

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Rebuilding transformation strategies in post-Ebola epidemics in Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 617-623页

作者： Ernest Tambo Chryseis F.Chengho chidiebere E.ugwu Isatta Wurie Jeannetta K.Jonhson Jeanne Y.Ngogang Higher Institute of Health Sciences Universitedes MontagnesBangangteCameroon Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance Communication and Response(Africa DISCoR)InstituteYaoundeCameroon Department of Health and Life Sciences University of CoventryCoventryLeicesterUK Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Department of Human BiochemistryNnamdiAzikiwe University AwkaNnewi CampusAwkaNigeria Department of Chemical Pathology College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone Public Health Development Initiative(PHDI) MonroviaLiberia

Rebuilding transformation strategies in post-Ebola epidemics in West Africa requires long-term surveillance and strengthening health system preparedness to disease *** paper assesses reconstruction efforts from socio-cultural,economic and ecological transformation response approaches and strategies in improving sustainable survivors and affected communities livelihood and wellbeing.A comprehensive approach is required in the recovery and rebuilding *** in rebuilding transformation requires fostering evidence-based and effective engaging new investors partnership strengthening,financing community-based programmes ownership,novel socio-economic innovations strategies and tools against the evolving and future Ebola ***,there should be improved community partnership,health and economic rebuilding programmes to address mistrust and care underutilization,poverty and care access inequity at all *** effective post-Ebola national‘One Health’approach coupled with climate change mitigation and adaptations strategies is urgent public health needs aiming at improving the quality healthcare access,delivery trust and uptake in anticipation of EVD immunization program,productivity and emerging economy.

关键词： Recovery Reconstruction Ecological Transformation Ebola Preparedness Resilience Response Africa

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Novel Taguchi scheme-based DEMATEL methods and DEMATEL method for the principal performance indicators of maintenance in a food processing industry

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2021年第3期14卷 363-397页

作者： Victor chidiebere Maduekwe Sunday Ayoola Oke Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of LagosAkoka YabaNigeria

Purpose-Key performance indicators(KPIs)of maintenance systems serve as benchmarks to workers and organizations to compare their goals for decision-making ***,the effects of one KPI on the other are least known,restraining decisions on prioritization of *** article examines and prioritizes the KPIs of the maintenance system in a food processing industry using the novel Taguchi(T)scheme-decisionmaking trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)method,Taguchi-Pareto(TP)scheme-DEMATEL method and the DEMATEL ***/methodology/approach-The causal association of maintenance process parameters(frequency of failure,downtime,MTTR,MTBF,availability and MTTF)was ***,the optimized maintenance parameters were infused into the DEMATEL method that translates the optimized values into cause and effect responses and keeping in view the result of *** collection was done from a food processing plant in ***-The results indicated that downtime and availability have the most causal effects on other criteria when DEMATEL and T-DEMATEL methods were respectively applied to the ***,the frequency of failure is mostly affected by other criteria in the key performance indication selection using the two *** combined Taguchi scheme and DEMATEL method is appropriate to optimize and establish the causal relationships of ***/value-Hardly any studies have reported the joint optimization and causal relationship of maintenance system ***,the current study achieves this goal using the T-DEMATEL,TP-DEMATEL and DEMATEL methods for the first *** applied methods effectively ease decisions on prioritization of KPIs for enhancement.

关键词： Maintenance Performance DEMATEL Food processing Indicators

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A Multimedia Based Virtual Learning System: A Panacea for Nigerian Tertiary Institutions

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Circuits and Systems 2020年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： emmanuel Nwabueze Ekwonwune chidiebere Chukwuma Oparah Department of Computer Science Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Computer Science Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri Nigeira

Multimedia based virtual learning system (MMVLS) is a web-based platform for teaching and learning with a virtual teacher within a virtual classroom. This research was motivated by the problems confronting the traditional institutions of higher learning in Nigeria which include inadequate funding, lack of infrastructures, inadequate teaching and learning facilities, limited slots for admission known as carrying capacity, a limited number of lecturers/instructors in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The objective of this research is to develop a multimedia based virtual learning system for Nigerian tertiary institutions to be used in academic processes for teaching and learning. The methodology used is Object Oriented Design Methodology (OODM) with the following web development tools PHP, JavaScript, Bootstrap 3, HTML5, CSS4, Apache, and MYSQL as database. The expected result is a multimedia based virtual learning system for tertiary institutions in Nigeria which is cost effective, innovative, vibrant, individualized, learner-centric, available anytime, any place even with mobile devices. It was concluded that multimedia based virtual learning system is a veritable tool for Nigerian tertiary institutions, which when fully implemented by Nigerian tertiary institutions would help to increase the number of candidates that are given admission into our tertiary institutions and drastically reduce school dropouts as a result of candidates not gaining admission due to insufficient tertiary institutions/carrying capacity.

关键词： Multimedia Virtual Learning Examination Assessment Tertiary Institution

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Vitamin D3 supplementation influences ovarian histomorphometry and follicular development in prepubertal albino rats

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2020年第6期9卷 291-297页

作者： Edmund chidiebere Mbegbu Ikechukwu Reginald Obidike Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Nigeria Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary CollegeHertfordshire AL97TAUnited Kingdom

Objective:To evaluate the development of ovarian follicles in female albino rats following vitamin D3 ***:Eighteen prepubertal female albino rats,aged 3-4 weeks,weighing(70.25±9.16)g,were assigned to three groups(n=6 in each group).Group A was treated with 5.00 mL/kg of distilled water and served as the control group,group B was treated with 0.025 mg/kg of vitamin D3 dissolved in distilled water,and group C was treated with 0.125 mg/kg of vitamin D3 dissolved in distilled *** treatments were administered orally,twice weekly for 28 *** and ovaries were harvested under *** vitamin D3 levels were determined by using spectrophotometric *** were processed for histology and every10th hematoxylin and eosin stained-section was selected for *** number of follicles at each developmental stage was ***:Both 0.025 mg/kg and 0.125 mg/kg of vitamin D3 significantly increased serum concentrations of vitamin D3 and calcium(P0.05).The control group had fewer growing follicles(primary,secondary and antral follicles)and more non-growing follicles(primordial and atretic follicles)when compared with the vitamin D3-supplemented groups(P<0.05).Vitamin D3 at 0.025 mg/kg significantly increased antral follicles and corpora lutea counts(P<0.05).Vitamin D3 at 0.125 mg/kg significantly increased total,primordial and atretic follicles counts(P<0.05),but significantly decreased primary,secondary,antral follicles count,ovarian weight,relative ovarian weight,and ovarian surface area when compared with the control group and rats treated with 0.025 mg/kg of vitamin D3(P<0.05).Conclusions:Vitamin D3 supplementation at 0.025 mg/kg can enhance optimal ovarian follicle recruitment and development in female rats.

关键词： Folliculogenesis Histomorphometry Ovary Rats Vitamin D3

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In vitro Screening of Ginkgolic Acids for Antiparasitic Activity against Cryptosporidium andersoni

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期32卷 300-303页

作者： chidiebere E.ugwu JIANG Yan Yan WU Liang XU Yu Xin YIN Jian Hai DUAN Li Ping CHEN Sheng Xia LIU Hua PAN Wei QUAN Hong SHEN Yu Juan CAO Jian Ping National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology MOH National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases Nnamdi Azikiwe University Jiangsu University

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that causes self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals, and it may also cause chronic and life-threatening diarrhea in those that are immunocompromised[1]. The two main routes of Cryptosporidium transmission are via water and food. At least 30 Cryptosporidium species have been confirmed, including C. andersoni, with more than 70 genotypes of undefined species.

关键词： Ginkgolic Acids Antiparasitic

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