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Acute infectious osteomyelitis in children: new treatment strategies for an old enemy

World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第5期16卷 446-455页

作者： Sabrina Congedi chiara minotti Carlo Giaquinto Liviana Da Dalt Daniele Don Department of Women's and Children's Health University of PaduaPaduaItaly Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly Paediatric Emergency Department Department of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly

Background Acute osteomyelitis still represents a significant clinical challenge,with an increasing incidence in paediatric population.A careful assessment and a rapid diagnosis with proper timing and choice of empirical antimicrobial therapy are necessary to avoid sequelae.The initial treatment should consist of empirical antibiotic therapy,to cover the major responsible pathogens in each age group.Data sources We made a literature search with PubMed and Cochrane database from 2000 to 2019 in English,French,and Spanish languages using the key words"osteomyelitis,children,clinical,diagnosis,and treatment".Results The child's clinical features,age,and the microbiological profile of the geographic area should be evaluated for diagnosis and in the choice of antibiotic treatment.Latest data suggest the administration of intravenous antibiotics for a short period,with subsequent oral therapy,according to the improvement of clinical status and inflammatory markers.For children older than 3 months,the shift to oral medications is already possible after a short course of intravenous therapy,until recovery.The timing for the shift from cefazolin to cephalexin or cefuroxime,intravenous clindamycin to oral clindamycin,and intravenous ceftriaxone+oxacillin to oral equivalents will be decided according to the improvement of clinical status and inflammatory markers.We also present the approach to osteomyelitis due to difficult pathogens,such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and Panton-Valentine leukocidin(PVL)-positive S.aureus infections.Conclusion In this review,we present the current approach to the clinical diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis in childhood,with an update on recent recommendations,as a useful instrument to understand the rationale of antibiotic therapy.

关键词： Acute osteomyelitis Children Diagnosis Treatment

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A cup of coffee for a brain long life

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 158-159页

作者： chiara Porro Antonia Cianciulli Maria Antonietta Panaro Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of FoggiaFoggiaItaly(Porro C)Department of BiosciencesBiotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly

Coffee is one of the world's favorite and most popular beverages,the third most popular beverage after water and tea.For many people,it is an indispensable habit before going to work and a socialization tool for the rest of the day.In general,the average consum ption varies from 2 to6 cups per day.What are the health implications?Given this consum ption,the benefits are actually greater than the risks.This is the conclusion of a careful study published in the New England Journal of Medicine(van Dam et al.,2020).

关键词： favorite conclusion life

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Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini Alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Gianluigi Mazza Maria chiara Manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed control.For each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration layer.The results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of biodiversity.The differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock density.The most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration layers.Contrarily,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its composition.Our findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable livestock.New forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity

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Therapeutic targeting of cellular prion protein: toward the development of dual mechanism anti-prion compounds

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1009-1014页

作者： Antonio Masone chiara Zucchelli Enrico Caruso Giovanna Musco Roberto Chiesa Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology Department of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly Biomolecular NMR Unit Division of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of InsubriaVareseItaly

PrPSc,a misfolded,aggregation-prone isoform of the cellular prion protein(PrPC),is the infectious prion agent responsible for fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and other mammals.PrPSccan adopt different pathogenic conformations(prion strains),which can be resistant to potential drugs,or acquire drug resistance,posing challenges for the development of effective therapies.Since PrPCis the obligate precursor of any prion strain and serves as the mediator of prion neurotoxicity,it represents an attractive therapeutic target fo r prion diseases.In this minireview,we briefly outline the approaches to target PrPCand discuss our recent identification of Zn(Ⅱ)-Bn PyP,a PrPC-targeting porphyrin with an unprecedented bimodal mechanism of action.We argue that in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism by which Zn(Ⅱ)-Bn PyP targets PrPCmay lead toward the development of a new class of dual mechanism anti-prion compounds.

关键词： anti-prion drug anti-PrPC antibody antisense oligonucleotide neurodegeneration pharmacological chaperone porphyrin prion disease PrPC degrader PrPC shedding zinc finger repressor

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Deer antler stem cell niche: An interesting perspective

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 479-485页

作者： Claudia Cavallini Elena Olivi Riccardo Tassinari chiara Zannini Gregorio Ragazzini Martina Marcuzzi Valentina Taglioli Carlo Ventura National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems-Eldor LabBologna 40128Italy Eldor Lab Bologna 40128Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences(DIMEC) University of BolognaBologna 40138Italy

In recent years,there has been considerable exploration into methods aimed at enhancing the regenerative capacity of transplanted and/or tissue-resident cells.Biomaterials,in particular,have garnered significant interest for their potential to serve as natural scaffolds for cells.In this editorial,we provide commentary on the study by Wang et al,in a recently published issue of World J Stem Cells,which investigates the use of a decellularized xenogeneic extracellular matrix(ECM)derived from antler stem cells for repairing osteochondral defects in rat knee joints.Our focus lies specifically on the crucial role of biological scaffolds as a strategy for augmenting stem cell potential and regenerative capabilities,thanks to the establishment of a favorable microenvironment(niche).Stem cell differen-tiation heavily depends on exposure to intrinsic properties of the ECM,including its chemical and protein composition,as well as the mechanical forces it can generate.Collectively,these physicochemical cues contribute to a bio-instructive signaling environment that offers tissue-specific guidance for achieving effective repair and regeneration.The interest in mechanobiology,often conceptualized as a form of“structural memory”,is steadily gaining more validation and momen-tum,especially in light of findings such as these.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Antler stem cells Stem cell niche Regenerative medicine Decellularized scaffolds Cell memory

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Two big orifices in the second duodenal portion:A case of an atypical double papilla

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 83-85页

作者： Salvatore Francesco Vadalàdi Prampero Nikola Panic Marco Massidda chiara Rocchi Pierluigi Maria Rinaldi Ana Malenkovic Milutin Bulajic Gastroenterology and GI Endoscopy Department Mater Olbia HospitalOlbia 07026Italy Digestive Endoscopy Unit University Clinic"Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje"Belgrade 11000Serbia Radiology Department Mater Olbia HospitalOlbia 07026Italy

With the advent of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in the early 1970s,anatomic anomalies of the Vaterian system were described endoscopically[1].Although the occurrence is rare,the common bile duct(CBD)and the pancreatic duct may fail to coalesce during embryologic development.This leads to double major papilla because both ducts open into the duodenum separately[1].In this way the cranial duct communicates with the CBD,while the caudal orifice communicates with the pancreatic duct[2].

关键词： orifice Vater atypical

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从热力学计算到定形体系的实验表征设计全金属复合相变材料

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第5期34卷 1393-1412页

作者： chiara CONFALONIERI Alessandra CAMNAGHI Elisabetta GARIBOLDI Politecnico di Milano Department of Mechanical EngineeringVia La Masa 120156 MilanItaly

用于热能管理的复合相变材料(C-PCMs)利用其一个或多个低熔点活性相的可逆相变(如熔化—凝固)存储和释放热能作为潜热。同时,高熔点的惰性相可以提供额外的性能,如定形性和改善的导热性。从难混溶合金中可获得具有这些特征的全金属复合... 详细信息

用于热能管理的复合相变材料(C-PCMs)利用其一个或多个低熔点活性相的可逆相变(如熔化—凝固)存储和释放热能作为潜热。同时,高熔点的惰性相可以提供额外的性能,如定形性和改善的导热性。从难混溶合金中可获得具有这些特征的全金属复合材料体系。本文将热力学计算和实验测试相结合,探讨二元(Al-In,Al-Sn,Al-Bi和Cu-Bi)和三元(Al-In-Sn和Al-Bi-Sn)难混溶合金在100~300℃的温度范围内用作C-PCMs的潜力。结果表明,将这两种方法相结合对于全面理解复合体系和找到满足设计需求的最佳解决方案十分必要,它克服了“试错”法浪费时间的弊端,并为模拟提供了高质量的数据。

关键词：复合相变材料合金设计热力学性能定形性储热

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“OMINO”: A Modern Approach to Postural Standing Reeducation through Breathing Techniques

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 383-394页

作者： Maria chiara Patriarca Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Catholic University of Holy Heart Rome Italy

Postural problems are very common, which is why plenty of Techniques have been created to solve them: Mezieres Technique (including muscle chains), RPG (Global Postural Re-Education, including pelvic diaphragm), Pilates Method (including core muscles), Bobath Concept (including COG, center of gravity) and Yoga. In this work, I show a new way of treating and solving postural problems. I am basing this physiotherapy approach on a new Image I created. Every patient can use it for every correction and change in posture. I called the new Image: “OMINO (little man)”. “Postural Card” could be a good work to make “OMINO” possible. “OMINO” is immediately understandable and, using “OMINO POCKET INSTRUCTIONS”, it can be easily done. Contribution of paper: • Trunk is a vital element for any kind of rehabilitation;• “Core stability” is the key to activating the trunk. • Doing “OMINO” means working on “core stability”;• “OMINO” makes rehabilitation simple for the patient.

关键词： Trunk Core Stability “OMINO” Patient Rehabilitation

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Use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage as a rescue approach in cases of unsuccessful biliary drainage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期30卷 70-78页

作者： Alessandro Fugazza Kareem Khalaf Katarzyna M Pawlak Marco Spadaccini Matteo Colombo Marta Andreozzi Marco Giacchetto Silvia Carrara chiara Ferrari Cecilia Binda Benedetto Mangiavillano Andrea Anderloni Alessandro Repici Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSRozzano 20089MilanoItaly Division of Gastroenterology St.Michael’s HospitalUniversity of TorontoToronto M5B 1W8ONCanada Department of Anesthesia Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSRozzano 20089MilanoItaly Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Forlì-Cesena HospitalsRomagna 47121Italy Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Humanitas Mater DominiCastellanza 21100Italy Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPavia 27100Italy

This narrative review provides an overview of the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage(EUS-GBD)as a salvage approach in cases of unsuccessful conventional management.EUS-GBD is a minimally invasive and effective technique for drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis with high risk of surgery.The procedure has demonstrated impressive technical and clinical success rates with low rates of adverse events,making it a safe and effective option for appropriate candidates.Furthermore,EUS-GBD can also serve as a rescue option for patients who have failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or EUS biliary drainage for relief of jaundice in malignant biliary stricture.However,patient selection is critical for the success of EUS-GBD,and proper patient selection and risk assessment are important to ensure the safety and efficacy of the procedure.As the field continues to evolve and mature,ongoing research will further refine our understanding of the benefits and limitations of EUS-GBD,ultimately leading to improved outcomes for patients.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage Gallbladder drainage Acute cholecystitis Malignant obstruction Interventional endoscopic ultrasound Lumen-apposing metal stents

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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann chiara Trevisan Mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures,reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE).The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health problem.Main text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September,2023,in Antwerp,Belgium,participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem,particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic.Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence.There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care t is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin.The implementation of a commu-nity-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications(ASMs)has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with epilepsy.Conclusions To reduce OAE burden,enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health pro-grammes at community,national,and international levels is required.Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninter-rupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas.Furthermore,OAE should be included in the quantif-cation of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

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