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Medical management of metabolic and cardiovascular complications after liver transplantation

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第18期26卷 2138-2154页

作者： chiara Becchetti Melisa Dirchwolf Vanessa Banz Jean-Francois Dufour Hepatology Department of Visceral Surgery and MedicineInselspitalUniversity Hospital BernBern CH-3008Switzerland Department of Biomedical Research University of BernBern CH-3008Switzerland Hepatology Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant UnitHospital Privado de RosarioRosario S2000GAPSanta FeArgentina Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine InselspitalUniversity Hospital BernBern CH-3008Switzerland Department of Clinical Research University of BernBern CH-3008Switzerland

Liver transplantation represents the only curative option for patients with endstage liver disease,fulminant hepatitis and advanced hepatocellular *** though major advances in transplantation in the last decades have achieved excellent survival rates in the early post-transplantation period,long-term survival is hampered by the lack of improvement in survival in the late post transplantation period(over 5 years after transplantation).The main etiologies for late mortality are malignancies and cardiovascular *** latter are increasingly prevalent in liver transplant recipients due to the development or worsening of metabolic syndrome and all its components(arterial hypertension,dyslipidemia,obesity,renal injury,etc.).These comorbidities result from a combination of pre-liver transplant features,immunosuppressive agent side-effects,changes in metabolism and hemodynamics after liver transplantation and the adoption of a sedentary *** this review we describe the most prevalent metabolic and cardiovascular complications present after liver transplantation,as well as proposing management strategies.

关键词： Solid organ transplantation Hypertension New-onset diabetes after transplantation Obesity Orthotopic liver transplantation Post-transplantation metabolic syndrome

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Molecular mechanisms of liver preconditioning

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6058-6067页

作者： Elisa Alchera Caterina Dal Ponte chiara Imarisio Emanuele Albano Rita Carini Department of Medical Sciences University of East Piedmont "A. Avogadro"

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury still represents an important cause of morbidity following hepatic surgery and limits the use of marginal livers in hepatic transplantation. Transient blood flow interruption followed by reperfusion protects tissues against damage induced by subsequent I/R. This process known as ischemic pre-conditioning (IP) depends upon intrinsic cytoprotective systems whose activation can inhibit the progression of irreversible tissue damage. Compared to other organs,liver IP has additional features as it reduces inflammation and promotes hepatic regeneration. Our present understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in liver IP is still largely incomplete. Experimental studies have shown that the protective effects of liver IP are triggered by the release of adenosine and nitric oxide and the subsequent activation of signal networks involving protein kinases such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,protein kinase C δ/ε and p38 MAP kinase,and transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,nuclear factor-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. This article offers an overview of the molecular events underlying the preconditioning effects in the liver and points to the possibility of developing pharmacological approaches aimed at activating the intrinsic protective systems in patients undergoing liver surgery.

关键词： Apoptosis Hepatocyte Hypoxia Ischemia/ reperfusion Liver surgery Necrosis Pharmacological preconditioning Preconditioning Survival pathways

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Carrier frequency of HLA-DQB1*02 allele in patients affected with celiac disease:A systematic review assessing the potential rationale of a targeted allelic genotyping as a first-line screening

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第12期26卷 1365-1381页

作者： Dimitri Poddighe chiara Rebuffi Annalisa De Silvestri Cristina Capittini Department of Medicine School of MedicineNazarbayev UniversityNur-Sultan 010000Kazakhstan Grant Office and Scientific Documentation Center Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPavia 27100Italy Scientific Direction Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric UnitFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPavia 27100Italy Department of Biology and Biotechnology"Lazzaro Spallanzani" University of PaviaPavia 27100Italy

BACKGROUND Celiac Disease(CD)is an immune-mediated disorder,in which the HLA immunogenetic background(DQ2 and DQ8 heterodimers)and environmental trigger(gluten)are well ***,both factors are necessary–but not sufficient–to develop ***,it is very likely that CD is underdiagnosed in both developing and developed countries,due to several aspects,including the fact that a lot of patients present mild and/or atypical symptoms,without the presence of any recognized risk ***,the possibility and feasibility of widened screening strategies to identify CD patients are *** To provide further evidence of the main epidemiological importance of HLADQB1*02 allele in the population of CD *** We performed a systematic search in PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane,Web of Science and Scopus databases,in order to produce a systematic review assessing the carrier frequency of HLA-DQB1*02 allele in the celiac *** the PRISMA guidelines,we retrieved all the original articles describing CD patients’HLA-DQB1 genotype in such a way that could allow to assess the HLADQB1*02 carrier frequency among CD patients,along with the evidence of the appropriate diagnostic work-up to achieve a correct and final diagnosis of *** The final output of this systematic search in the medical literature consisted of 38 studies providing the appropriate HLA-DQB1 genotype information of the respective CD *** to this systematic review,including a pool of 4945 HLA-DQ genotyped CD patients,the HLA-DQB1*02 carrier frequency was 94.94%,meaning that only 5.06%of CD patients were completely lacking this allelic ***,if we consider only the studies whereby the prevalence of CD patients affected with type 1 diabetes mellitus was supposed or clearly established to be very low,the frequency of non-HLA-DQB1*02 carriers among CD patients dropped to 3.65%.CONCLUSION Such a high carrier frequency of the HLA-DQB1*02 allelic varian

关键词： Celiac disease Children HLA-DQB1*02 DQ2 heterodimer Screening Systematic review

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Decompensated porto-pulmonary hypertension in a cirrhotic patient with thrombosis of portocaval shunt

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第47期13卷 6439-6440页

作者： chiara Giannarelli Antonio De Giorgi Ferdinando De Negri Franco Carmassi Department of Internal Medicine University of Pisavia Roma 67Pisa 56126Italy

We report a case of decompensated porto-pulmonary hypertension closely associated with the development of intra-portocaval shunt thrombosis. A woman with Laennec's cirrhosis was hospitalized because of severe dyspnea and edema. She underwent surgical portocaval anastomosis ten years ago. Imaging studies showed massive intra-shunt thrombosis,portal hypertension,ascites,pleuro-pericardial effusions and enlargement of right cardiac cavities. Cardiac catheterization allowed to rule out coronary and left-sided heart abnormalities and led to the diagnosis of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension. Antithrombotic treatment with low molecular weight heparin was instituted. The management also included ACE inhibitors,spironolactone,low-salt diet and lactulose. The patient was discharged and three months later we observed the disappearance of edema,ascites and pleuro-pericardial effusions,a marked body weight reduction and improved dyspnea and liver function tests. A possible link between the development of intra-shunt thrombosis and clinical decompensation in our patient was hypothesized. In fact,it has been demonstrated that the increased portal pressure,caused by occlusion of portosystemic shunt,reduces renal plasma flow and increases systemic endothelin-1 concentration. In our patient the disappearance of edematous state and improved dyspnea observed after recanalization of the shunt strongly support this hypothesis.

关键词： Porto-pulmonary hypertension Porto-caval shunt Thrombosis

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Effect of Milling and Parboiling Processes on Arsenic Species Distribution in Rice Grains

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Rice science 2021年第4期28卷 402-408,I0035-I0037页

作者： Maria chiara Fontanella Maria Martin Daniele TENNI Gian Maria Beone Marco Romani Department for Sustainable Food Process Catholic University of Sacred Heart of PiacenzaPiacenza 29100Italy Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino 10095Italy Rice Research Center National Rice BoardCastello d’Agogna 27030Italy

This study identified the role of milling and parboiling on arsenic(As)content and its species in large numbers of rice *** As contents were 108±33μg/kg in polished rice grains(PR),159±46μg/kg in unpolished rice grains(UR),145±42μg/kg in parboiled polished rice grains(PPR)and 145±44μg/kg in parboiled unpolished rice grains(PUR).The percentages of inorganic As(iAs)were 66%±8%in PR and from 72%to 77%in other grain *** polishing process reduced the As content in the rice grains,removing outer part of the UR with high amount of As,whereas the parboiling technique transferred the semimetal content within the *** As and iAs contents were not significantly different in UR,PPR and PUR,homogenizing its distribution inside the *** results allowed to understand how different operations affect As fate and its chemical forms in grains.

关键词： rice arsenic inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer milling parboiling laser ablation

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Comparison of Privatization and Social Welfare Aspects of Economic Reforms in Poland and China from 1989 to 1999

Comparison of Privatization and Social Welfare Aspects of Ec...

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作者： chiara Barbara Andreani 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

1989-1999年为波兰和中国经济发生巨变时期。本文分析了波兰和中国在这十年间的经济转型问题,并重点关注上述两国在转型期的私有化和社会福利。作者指出了内外因素对中国和波兰改革进程的影响。在波兰的案例中,将特别关注其转型期的初... 详细信息

1989-1999年为波兰和中国经济发生巨变时期。本文分析了波兰和中国在这十年间的经济转型问题,并重点关注上述两国在转型期的私有化和社会福利。作者指出了内外因素对中国和波兰改革进程的影响。在波兰的案例中,将特别关注其转型期的初始阶段,即休克疗法时期。作者讨论了两国中央计划体制下经济转型的积极和消极方面。任何旨在改善未来社会状况的经济改革往往都会付出代价。这个代价就是人的社会保障,创造了某种循环,即国家以确保良好的生活水平与经济发展的无止尽追求中,经济方面受到社会方面和社会需求的驱动。考虑到此,作者将讨论和评估两国的社会福利改革,其涉及两国的贫困、失业、教育体系、医疗保健和养老金制度等话题。文章的结论是,尽管没有改革框架是完美的,但中国经济的改善优于波兰。波兰遵循了世界银行和国际货币基金组织的指导,得到了西方国家的支持,但转型期让波兰难以跟上该地区的其他国家。而同期的中国,没有得到国际组织的支持,但转型进展顺利,随着经济的蓬勃发展,未来——根据许多人的观点——中国将成为世界第一大国。

关键词：波兰中国经济和社会转型改革休克疗法社会福利

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Comparison of PM_(10) concentrations and metal content in three different sites of the Venice Lagoon: An analysis of possible aerosol sources

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第11期24卷 1954-1965页

作者： Daniele Contini Franco Belosi Andrea Gambaro Daniela Cesari Angela Maria Stortini Maria chiara Bove Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate ISAC-CNRLecceItaly Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate ISAC-CNRBolognaItaly Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and StatisticsUniversity Ca'Foscari of VeniceVeneziaItaly Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate ISAC-CNRLecceItaly. Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes IDPA-CNRVeneziaItaly

The Venice Lagoon is exposed to atmospheric pollutants from industrial activities, thermoelectric power plants, petrochemical plants, incinerator, domestic heating, ship traffic, glass factories and vehicular emissions on the mainland. In 2005, construction began on the mobile dams （MOSE）, one dam for each channel connecting the lagoon to the Adriatic Sea as a barrier against high tide. These construction works could represent an additional source of pollutants. PM10 samples were taken on random days between 2007 and 2010 at three different sites： Punta Sabbioni, Chioggia and Malamocco, located near the respective dam construction worksites. Chemical analyses of V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, T1 and Pb in PM10 samples were performed by Inductively coupled plasma- quadrupole mass spectrometry （ICP-QMS） and results were used to identify the main aerosol sources. The correlation of measured data with meteorology, and source apportionment, failed to highlight a contribution specifically associated to the emissions of the MOSE construction works. The comparison of the measurements at the three sites showed a substantial homogeneity of metal concentrations in the area. Source apportionment with principal component analysis （PCA） and positive matrix factorization （PMF） showed that a four principal factors model could describe the sources of metals in PM10. Three of them were assigned to specific sources in the area and one was characterised as a source of mixed origin （anthropogenic and crustal）. A specific anthropogenic source of PM10 rich in Ni and Cr, active at the Chioggia site, was also identified.

关键词： MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico metals Venice Lagoon PM10 principal component analysis positive matrixfactorization

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Metabolic regulation of microglial phagocytosis:Implications for Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 205-224页

作者： Izabela Lepiarz-Raba Ismail Gbadamosi Roberta Florea Rosa chiara Paolicelli Ali Jawaid Laboratory for Translational Research in Neuropsychiatric Disorders(TREND) BRAINCITY:Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain DisordersNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH) ZurichSwitzerland Department of Biomedical Sciences University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland

Microglia,the resident immune cells of the brain,are increasingly implicated in the regulation of brain health and *** perform multiple functions in the central nervous system,including surveillance,phagocytosis and release of a variety of soluble ***,a majority of their functions are closely related to changes in their *** natural inter-dependency between core microglial properties and metabolism offers a unique opportunity to modulate microglial activities via nutritional or metabolic *** this review,we examine the existing scientific literature to synthesize the hypothesis that microglial phagocytosis of amyloid beta(Aβ)aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)can be selectively enhanced via metabolic *** first review the basics of microglial metabolism and the effects of common metabolites,such as glucose,lipids,ketone bodies,glutamine,pyruvate and lactate,on microglial inflammatory and phagocytic ***,we examine the evidence for dysregulation of microglial metabolism in *** is followed by a review of in vivo studies on metabolic manipulation of microglial functions to ascertain their therapeutic potential in ***,we discuss the effects of metabolic factors on microglial phagocytosis of healthy synapses,a pathological process that also contributes to the progression of *** conclude by enlisting the current challenges that need to be addressed before strategies to harness microglial phagocytosis to clear pathological protein deposits in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders can be widely adopted.

关键词： Microglia Metabolism Alzheimer’s disease Neurodegeneration Inflammation Phagocytosis

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Rare earth oxides in zirconium dioxide:How to turn a wide band gap metal oxide into a visible light active photocatalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第2期26卷 270-276页

作者： chiara Gionco Maria C.Paganini Elio Giamello Olga Sacco Vincenzo Vaiano Diana Sannino Department of Chemistry University of Torino Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno

In the present study, we investigated the effect of cerium and erbium doping of the zirconium dioxide matrix. We synthesized doped samples using hydrothermal process. The amounts of dopant used were 0.5%, 1% and 5% molar(rare earth oxide over zirconium dioxide) respectively. The samples have been studied via X-ray Diffraction measurements for the structural characterization. UV visible diffuse reflectance was used for the optical analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) model for the measurement of the surface area. Finally the samples have been analysed via electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) for the electronic characterization. Then we tested the new synthetized materials to determine their photocatalytic activity in the reaction of degradation of methylene blue performed under irradiation by diodes(LEDs) emitting exclusively visible light.

关键词： 3rd generation photocatalysts Zirconium dioxide Rare earth ions Dyes mineralization

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High-definition colonoscopy with i-Scan:Better diagnosis for small polyps and flat adenomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第37期18卷 5231-5239页

作者： Pier Alberto Testoni chiara Notaristefano Cristian Vailati Milena Di Leo Edi Viale Division of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityScientific Institute San Raffaele

AIM： To investigate if high-definition （HD） colonoscope with i-Scan gave a higher detection rate of mucosal le- sions vs standard white-light instruments. METHODS： Data were collected from the computer- ized database of the endoscopy unit of our tertiary referral center. We retrospectively analyzed 1101 con- secutive colonoscopies that were performed over 1 year with standard white-light （n = 849） or HD＋ with i-Scan （n = 252） instruments by four endoscopists, in an outpatient setting. Colonoscopy records included patients＇ main details and family history for colorectal cancer, indication for colonoscopy （screening, diagnos- tic or surveillance）, type of instrument used （standard white-light or HD＋ plus i-Scan）, name of endoscopist and bowel preparation. Records for each procedure included whether the cecum was reached or not and the reason for failure, complications during or imme- diately after the procedure, and number, size, location and characteristics of the lesions. Polyps or protruding lesions were defined as sessile or pedunculated, and nonprotruding lesions were defined according to Paris classification. For each lesion, histological diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS： Eight hundred and forty-nine colonosco- pies were carried with the standard white-light video colonoscope and 252 with the HD＋ plus i-Scan video colonoscope, The four endoscopists did 264, 300, 276 and 261 procedures, respectively; 21.6%, 24.0%, 21.7% and 24.1% of them with the HD＋ plus i-Scan technique. There were no significant differences be- tween the four endoscopists in either the number of procedures done or the proportions of each imaging technique used. Both techniques detected one or more mucosal lesions in 522/1101 procedures （47.4%）. The overall number of lesions recognized was 1266; 645 in the right colon and 621 in the left. A significantly higher number of colonoscopies recognized lesions in the HD＋ plus i-Scan mode （171/252 = 67.9%） than with the standard white-light technique （4

关键词： Colonoscopy High-definition+ with i-Scancolonoscopy White-light colonoscopy Colonic polyps Nonprotruding lesions Adenoma detection rate With-drawal time Surface enhancement Contrast enhance-ment Tone enhancement

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