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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai jingwei Hu Shumei Jia chichuan jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

Accretion in strong field gravity with eXTP

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第2期62卷 45-73页

作者： Alessandra De Rosa Phil Uttley LiJun Gou Yuan Liu Cosimo Bambi Didier Barret Tomaso Belloni Emanuele Berti Stefano Bianchi Ilaria Caiazzo Piergiorgio Casella Marco Feroci Valeria Ferrari Leonardo Gualtieri Jeremy Heyl Adam Ingram Vladimir Karas FangJun Lu Bin Luo Giorgio Matt Sara Motta Joseph Neilsen Paolo Pani Andrea Santangelo XinWen Shu JunFeng Wang Jian-Min Wang YongQuan Xue YuPeng Xu WeiMin Yuan YeFei Yuan Shuang-Nan Zhang Shu Zhang Ivan Agudo Lorenzo Amati Nils Andersson Cristina Baglio Pavel Bakala Altan Baykal Sudip Bhattacharyya Ignazio Bombaci NiccolóBucciantini Fiamma Capitanio Riccardo Ciolfi Wei K.Cui Filippo D'Ammando Thomas Dauser Melania Del Santo Barbara De Marco Tiziana Di Salvo Chris Done Michal Dovciak Andrew C.Fabian Maurizio Falanga Angelo Francesco Gambino Bruce Gendre Victoria Grinberg Alexander Heger Jeroen Homan Rosario Iaria JiaChen Jiang chichuan jin Elmar Koerding Manu Linares Zhu Liu Thomas J.Maccarone Julien Malzac Antonios Manousakis Frédéric Marin Andea Marinucci Missagh Mehdipour Mariano Méndez Simone Migliari Cole Miller Giovanni Miniutti Emanuele Nardini Paul T.O'Brien Julian P.Osborne Pierre Olivier Petrucci Andrea Possenti Alessandro Riggio Jerome Rodriguez Andrea Sanna Lijing Shao Malgosia Sobolewska Eva Sramkova Abigail L.Stevens Holger Stiele Giulia Stratta Zdenek Stuchlik Jiri Svoboda Fabrizio Tamburini Thomas M.Tauris Francesco Tombesi Gabriel Torok Martin Urbanec Frederic Vincent QingWen Wu Feng Yuan Jean J.M.in't Zand Andrzej A.Zdziarski XinLin Zhou INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologie Spaziali Via Fosso del Cavaliere Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Science Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics and Department of Physics Fudan University IRAP Universitéde ToulouseCNRSUPSCNES INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of MississippiUniversity Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Universitàdegli studi Roma Tre University of British Columbia INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN-Roma 2 c/o Dipartimento di Fisica II Universit?di Roma"Tor Vergata" Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdegli Studi di Roma"La Sapienza"&Sezione INFN Roma1 Department of Physics University of OxfordClarendon Laboratory Astronomical Institute Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Eberhard Karls Universität Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Department of Astronomy and Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Xiamen University CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of China Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucia(CSIC) Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica di Bologna Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre University of Southampton New York University Abu Dhabi Institute of Physics and Research Centre for Computational Physics and Data Processing Faculty of Philosophy&ScienceSilesian University in OpavaíBezru?ovo nám. Department of Physics Middle East Technical University Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Dipartimento di Fisica Universit?di Pisa&INFN INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova INFN-TIFPA Trento Ins

In this paper we describe the potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies related to accretion flows in the strong field gravity regime around both stellar-mass and supermassive black-holes. eXTP has the unique capability of using advanced "spectral-timing-polarimetry" techniques to analyze the rapid variations with three orthogonal diagnostics of the flow and its geometry, yielding unprecedented insight into the inner accreting regions, the effects of strong field gravity on the material within them and the powerful outflows which are driven by the accretion process.

关键词： X-ray black holes physics accretion

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爱因斯坦探针：探索变幻多姿的X射线宇宙

中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学 2018年第3期48卷 2-21页

作者：袁为民张臣陈勇孙胜利张永合崔伟凌志兴黄茂海赵冬华王文昕裘予雷刘柱潘海武蔡洪波邓劲松贾振卿金驰川孙惠胡海波刘飞飞张墨宋黎明卢方军贾淑梅李承奎赵海升葛明玉张娟崔苇苇王于仨王娟孙小进金戈黎龙辉陈凡胜蔡志鸣郭彤刘国华刘华秋冯骅张双南张冰戴子高吴雪峰苟利军中国科学院国家天文台中国科学院空间天文与技术重点实验室北京100012 中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院北京100049 中国科学院高能物理研究所北京100049 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所上海200083 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院上海201203 清华大学天体物理中心北京100084 北方夜视技术股份有限公司南京211106 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las VegasNV 89154USA 北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所和天文系北京100871 南京大学天文与空间科学学院南京210093 中国科学院紫金山天文台南京210034

爱因斯坦探针(Einstein Probe,EP)是一颗面向时域天文学的、发现型的X射线天文探测卫星,是中国科学院空间科学战略性先导专项十三五规划的空间科学卫星系列任务之一.展望未来十年,时域天文学将进入一个前所未有的、多波段和多信使的大... 详细信息

爱因斯坦探针(Einstein Probe,EP)是一颗面向时域天文学的、发现型的X射线天文探测卫星,是中国科学院空间科学战略性先导专项十三五规划的空间科学卫星系列任务之一.展望未来十年,时域天文学将进入一个前所未有的、多波段和多信使的大视场监测的黄金时代.在软X射线窗口,灵敏且快速的全天监测为我们提供了一个难得的科学机遇.EP卫星将在这一能段窗口开展时域巡天监测,旨在发现和探索宇宙中的X射线暂现源和爆发天体,并发布预警以引导其他天文设备进行后随跟踪观测.EP的科学载荷包括一台宽视场软X射线监视器(3600平方度,0.5–4 keV)和一台后随观测X射线望远镜(0.3–8 keV).卫星具有快速机动反应能力以及暂现源警报的快速下传功能.由于采用了新颖的微孔龙虾眼X射线聚焦成像技术,其探测灵敏度和空间分辨率比目前在轨运行设备提高了1个数量级,将能监测更远、更大的宇宙空间范围.预期EP将在以下三方面做出贡献:高能暂现天体的系统性巡天监测,发现隐身的沉寂黑洞并测绘宇宙黑洞的分布、研究其形成演化和物质吸积过程,搜寻来自引力波事件的X射线信号并精确定位等.此外,EP的探测目标还将包括从中子星、白矮星、超新星、宇宙早期伽玛暴、X射线闪到恒星耀发等众多的天体和现象,涉及广泛的天体物理学分支.卫星计划于2022年底左右发射.运行寿命为3年,目标5年.

关键词： X射线:空间科学 X射线:时域天文学空间科学卫星:爱因斯坦探针

Observatory science with eXTP

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第2期62卷 97-138页

作者： Jean J.M.in 't Zand Enrico Bozzo jinLu Qu Xiang-Dong Li Lorenzo Amati Yang Chen Immacolata Donnarumma Victor Doroshenko Stephen A.Drake Margarita Hernanz Peter A.Jenke Thomas J.Maccarone Simin Mahmoodifar Domitilla de Martino Alessandra De Rosa Elena M.Rossi Antonia Rowlinson Gloria Sala Giulia Stratta Thomas M.Tauris Joern Wilms XueFeng Wu Ping Zhou Iván Agudo Diego Altamirano Jean-Luc Atteia Nils A.andersson M.Cristina Baglio David R.Ballantyne Altan Baykal Ehud Behar Tomaso Belloni Sudip Bhattacharyya Stefano Bianchi Anna Bilous Pere Blay Joao Braga Sφren Brandt Edward F.Brown Niccolo Bucciantini Luciano Burderi Edward M.Cackett Riccardo Campana Sergio Campana Piergiorgio Casella Yuri Cavecchi Frank Chambers Liang Chen Yu-Peng Chen Jér?me Chenevez Maria Chernyakova chichuan jin Riccardo Ciolfi Elisa Costantini Andrew Cumming Antonino D'Aì Zi-Gao Dai Filippo D'Ammando Massimiliano De Pasquale Nathalie Degenaar Melania Del Santo Valerio D'Elia Tiziana Di Salvo Gerry Doyle Maurizio Falanga XiLong Fan Robert D.Ferdman Marco Feroci Federico Fraschetti Duncan K.Galloway Angelo F.Gambino Poshak Gandhi MingYu Ge Bruce Gendre Ramandeep Gill Diego G?tz Christian Gouiffès Paola Grandi Jonathan Granot Manuel Güdel Alexander Heger Craig O.Heinke Jeroen Homan Rosario Iaria Kazushi Iwasawa Luca Izzo Long Ji Peter G.Jonker Jordi José Jelle S.Kaastra Emrah Kalemci Oleg Kargaltsev Nobuyuki Kawai Laurens Keek Stefanie Komossa Ingo Kreykenbohm Lucien Kuiper Devaky Kunneriath Gang Li En-Wei Liang Manuel Linares Francesco Longo FangJun Lu Alexander A.Lutovinov Denys Malyshev Julien Malzac Antonios Manousakis Ian McHardy Missagh Mehdipour YunPeng Men Mariano Méndez Roberto P.Mignani Romana Mikusincova M.Coleman Miller Giovanni Miniutti Christian Motch Joonas Nättilä Emanuele Nardini Torsten Neubert Paul T.O'Brien Mauro Orlandini Julian P.Osborne Luigi Pacciani Stéphane Paltani Maurizio Paolillo Iossif E.Papadakis Biswajit Paul Alberto Pellizzoni Uria Peretz Miguel A.Pérez Torres Emanuele Perinati Chanda Prescod-Weinstein Pablo Reig SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Department of Astronomy University of Geneva Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University INAF-IASF Bologna ASI Via del Politecnico snc INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologie Spaziali Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Tübingen Universit?t Tübingen NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ICREA&Institute of Space Sciences(IEEC-CSIC) Campus UABCarrer de Can Magrans CSPAR SPA University of Alabama in Huntsville Department of Physics Texas Tech University INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte Leiden Observatory Leiden University Anton Pannekoek Institute University of Amsterdam ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC-IEEC) Universitádegli Studi di Urbino‘Carlo Bo’ Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Dr.Karl-Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich Alexander Universit?t Erlangen-Nurnberg Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Instituto de Astrofysíca de Andalucia-CSIC Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton IRAP Universitéde ToulouseCNRSUPSCNES Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre University of Southampton New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of Technology Physics Department Middle East Technical University Department of Physics Technion-Israel Institute of Technology INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Universitàdegli Studi Roma Tre Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais-INPE National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark(DTU Space) Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Dipartimento di Fisica Universitádegli Studi di Cagliari Department of Physics and A

In this White Paper we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies related to Observatory Science targets. These include flaring stars, supernova remnants, accreting white dwarfs, low and high mass X-ray binaries, radio quiet and radio loud active galactic nuclei, tidal disruption events, and gamma-ray bursts. eXTP will be excellently suited to study one common aspect of these objects: their often transient nature. Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020s.

关键词： space research in struments nuclear astrophysics flare stars accretion and accretion disks mass loss and stellar winds cataclysmic binaries X-ray binaries supernova remnants active galactic nuclei X-ray bursts gamma-ray bursts gravitational waves