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实验室断层研究显示的地震机制及其可预报性

地震地质译丛

地震地质译丛 1993年第1期 1-11页

作者： chi-yu king 谢觉民

实验室断层模型由一个包括8个块体组合并以弹簧将其连接的环形链构成。各块体由于弹簧的牵引而在一个有摩擦的表面上滑动。该模型产生的一系列滑移事件,显示出下列特征:(1)一条完全均匀的断裂可以产生大小差异很大的滑移事件;(2)几个大... 详细信息

实验室断层模型由一个包括8个块体组合并以弹簧将其连接的环形链构成。各块体由于弹簧的牵引而在一个有摩擦的表面上滑动。该模型产生的一系列滑移事件,显示出下列特征:(1)一条完全均匀的断裂可以产生大小差异很大的滑移事件;(2)几个大事件释放大部分应变能;(3)大事件重复发生的时间间隔虽然不规则,但其发生的时间大致是可预测的;(4)当应变同时在大多数部位积累到一个临界水平时就发生大滑动;大滑动之前会发生一些前震,而且它是被最后一次"前震"触发的;(5)大滑动后块体的位置比滑动前更不规则;(6)较小的滑动事件似乎在一个"地震"周期的后半部发生得更频繁,然而其规模不会随时间而相应增大;(7)较小的事件虽对释放应变能没有重大意义,但有助于调整沿断层的应变分布,使多数块体的应变积累同时达到临界状况,为下次大滑动事件的发生作准备;(8)重复发生的关系与古登堡—里希特的关系式类似,除非由于断层系统的储能能力有限而导致最大事件的衰减;(9)各种滑距分布不是自相似的;(10)应力降随事件规模大小而增加;(11)较小事件的应力降只占相应绝对应力的很小部分;(12)沿破裂区段的能量密度不随着事件规模而增高。较大的事件发生于较长的区段受应力作用达到临界水平时;(13)由于模型的内在不对称性,破裂趋于向前方传播;(14)平均滑移速度随块体位移量增大而增高;(15)与整个破裂时间相比,滑移的持续时间并不长;(16)破裂扩展的速度是相当分散的,但趋向于随事件大小而增高,而且具有 P 波速度的上限;(17)初始破裂的位置通常并不靠近最大滑移区段;(18)由于模型中缺少某种与时间相关的要素,一般不会产生余震。这些结果意味着:(1)沿发震断层的摩擦可能不一定是很不均匀的(2)大地震可能是一个应力粗糙化(Stress-roughening)的过程,而较小的地震可能是一个应力修匀的过程;(3)地震是一种自组织的临界现象,但不是精确分维的;(4)短期地震预报是困难的;为了探测应变同时积累到达近临界水平的状况,前兆监测网应复盖整个地震空区;而不只是在某些觉察到的粗糙部位;(5)前兆异常的空间分布范围应随震级增大而扩大;(6)由遥测数据定出的震源可能不是通常想象的初始破裂点;(7)大地震的应力粗糙化特性和与时间相关的要素都是产生余震所必需具备的。

关键词：块体运动应变能滑移速度地震断层破裂长度震源参数时间可预报模型应力降应变阶跃滑移量破裂速度特征地震模型应变积累可预报性实验室

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井水的化学变化异常及与地震的可能关系

地震地质译丛

地震地质译丛 1982年第3期 60-60,62页

作者： chi-yu king 范树全

地震引起的地壳应力变化可能导致地下水异常地运移,这种运移又引起一定部位的井水发生可测到的物理变化和化学变化。为研究这种变化我们于1976年开始在中加州的几个地震活动区进行监测井水,本文介绍靠近胡安巴蒂斯塔的圣安德烈斯断层17... 详细信息

地震引起的地壳应力变化可能导致地下水异常地运移,这种运移又引起一定部位的井水发生可测到的物理变化和化学变化。为研究这种变化我们于1976年开始在中加州的几个地震活动区进行监测井水,本文介绍靠近胡安巴蒂斯塔的圣安德烈斯断层17公里断层段上的三口井测得的初步结果(图1)。

关键词：含盐度自流井地震断层泥圣胡安波多黎各井水地下水

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An Editorial Note

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2010年第1期1卷 I0003-I0003页

作者： chi-yu king

Last April, while attending the Western Pacific Meeting organized by the American Geophysical Union in Taiwan, I received a call from Prof. Xue Hongjiao, inviting me to join the editorial committee of the journal of G... 详细信息

关键词： An Editorial Note

Mechanistic insight into the synergy between nickel single atoms and nanoparticles on N-doped carbon for electroreduction of CO2

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 327-336页

作者： Mingdong Sun Wenwen Guan Cailing Chen Chao Wu Xiaoling Liu Biao Meng Tao Chen yu Han Jun Wang Shibo Xi yu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University

The synergy of single atoms （SAs） and nanoparticles （NPs） has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction （CO2RR）;however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportion remains one challenge for the catalyst ***,a Ni2+-loaded porous poly（ionic liquids）(PIL) precursor synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer,1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride,was pyrolyzed to prepare the Ni,N co-doped carbon materials,in which the proportion of Ni SAs and NPs could be facilely modulated by controlling the annealing *** catalyst Ni-NC-1000 with a moderate proportion of Ni SAs and NPs exhibited high efficiency in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2into *** Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectra and theoretical calculations were conducted to gain insight into the synergy of Ni SAs and *** charge transfer from Ni NPs to the surrounding carbon layer and then to the Ni SAs resulted in the electron-enriched Ni SAs active *** the electroreduction of CO2,the coexistence of Ni SAs and NPs strengthened the CO2activation and the affinity towards the key intermediate of*COOH,lowering the free energy for the potential-determining*CO2→*COOH step,and therefore promoted the catalysis efficiency.

关键词： Activation energy

Corrosion assessment for spent nuclear fuel disposal in crystalline rock,using variant cases of hydrogeological modeling

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第12期31卷 20-31页

作者： chi-Che Hung Fraser king yun-Chen yu chi-Jen Chen yuan-chieh Wu Wei-Ting Lin 机构不详

This paper presents a corrosion assessment of copper spent nuclear fuel disposal canisters in crystalline rock,using hydrogeological modeling.A simplified approach is considered,to avoid complex and time-consuming computer *** simplified case is presented as a base case,with changes in the hydrogeological parameters presented as variant *** results show that in Taiwan’s base case,decreasing the hydraulic conductivity of the rock or decreasing the hydraulic conductivity of dikes results in a shorter transport path for sulfide and an increase in corrosion ***,the estimated canister failure time is still over one million years in the variant cases.

关键词： Spent nuclear fuel disposal Corrosion assessment Hydrogeological modeling

Induced pluripotent stem cell-related approaches to generate dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3193-3206页

作者： Ling-Xiao Yi Hui Ren Woon Genevieve Saw Li Zeng Eng king Tan Zhi Dong Zhou National Neuroscience Institute Singapore Nanyang Technology University Singapore Department of Neurology Singapore General HospitalSingapore Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease,the second most common human neurodegenerative *** the detailed pathogenesis accounting for dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease is still unclear,the advancement of stem cell approaches has shown promise for Parkinson's disease research and *** induced pluripotent stem cells have been commonly used to generate dopaminergic neurons,which has provided valuable insights to improve our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and contributed to anti-Parkinson's disease *** current review discusses the practical approaches and potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cell techniques for generating and differentiating dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem *** benefits of induced pluripotent stem cell-based research are *** dopaminergic neuron differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells are *** emerging three-dimension-based brain organoid models compared with conventional two-dimensional cell culture are ***,limitations,challenges,and future directions of induced pluripotent stem cell–based approaches are analyzed and proposed,which will be significant to the future application of induced pluripotent stem cell-related techniques for Parkinson's disease.

关键词： dopaminergic neurons induced pluripotent stem cells Parkinson's disease stem cell approaches

A Novel Self-Supervised Learning Network for Binocular Disparity Estimation

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 209-229页

作者： Jiawei Tian yu Zhou Xiaobing Chen Salman A.AlQahtani Hongrong Chen Bo Yang Siyu Lu Wenfeng Zheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering Major in Bio Artificial IntelligenceHanyang UniversityAnsan-si15577Republic of Korea School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11574Saudi Arabia School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China

Two-dimensional endoscopic images are susceptible to interferences such as specular reflections and monotonous texture illumination,hindering accurate three-dimensional lesion reconstruction by surgical *** study proposes a novel end-to-end disparity estimation model to address these *** approach combines a Pseudo-Siamese neural network architecture with pyramid dilated convolutions,integrating multi-scale image information to enhance robustness against lighting *** study introduces a Pseudo-Siamese structure-based disparity regression model that simplifies left-right image comparison,improving accuracy and *** model was evaluated using a dataset of stereo endoscopic videos captured by the Da Vinci surgical robot,comprising simulated silicone heart sequences and real heart video *** results demonstrate significant improvement in the network’s resistance to lighting interference without substantially increasing ***,the model exhibited faster convergence during training,contributing to overall performance *** study advances endoscopic image processing accuracy and has potential implications for surgical robot applications in complex environments.

关键词： Parallax estimation parallax regression model self-supervised learning Pseudo-Siamese neural network pyramid dilated convolution binocular disparity estimation

Cosmic microwave background constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第6期14卷 635-647页

作者： king Lau Jia-yu Tang Ming-Chung Chu Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong

One of the main goals of modern cosmic microwave background （CMB） missions is to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio r accurately to constrain inflation models. Due to ignorance about the reionization history Xe （z）, this analysis is usu- ally done by assuming an instantaneous reionization Xe （z） which, however, can bias the best-fit value of r. Moreover, due to the strong mixing of B-mode and E-mode polarizations in cut-sky measurements, multiplying the sky coverage fraction fsky by the full-sky likelihood would not give satisfactory results. In this work, we forecast constraints on r for the Planck mission taking into account the general reionization scenario and cut-sky effects. Our results show that by applying an N-point interpo- lation analysis to the reionization history, the bias induced by the assumption of in- stantaneous reionization is removed and the value of r is constrained within 5% error level, if the true value of r is greater than about 0.1.

关键词： cosmology: cosmic microwave background -- cosmology: cosmologicalparameters -- cosmology: early universe -- gravitational waves

Double-sided subduction with contrasting polarities beneath the Pamir-Hindu Kush:Evidence from focal mechanism solutions and stress field inversion

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 98-113页

作者： yu Yang Zuoxun Zeng Scott D.king Xiao Shuang School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Huazhong Tectonomechanical Research Center China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Department of Geosciences Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Fuyang Branch of Hangzhou Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources Hangzhou 311499China

The Pamir-Hindu Kush region at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibet orogen is one of the most active regions on the globe with strong seismicity and deformation and provides a window to evaluate continental collision linked to two intra-continental subduction zones with different *** seismicity and seismic tomography data show a steep northward subducting slab beneath the Hindu Kush and southward subducting slab under the ***,we collect seismic catalogue with 3988 earthquake events to compute seismicity images and waveform data from 926 earthquake events to invert focal mechanism solutions and stress field with a view to characterize the subducting slabs under the Pamir-Hindu Kush *** results define two distinct seismic zones:a steep one beneath the Hindu Kush and a broad one beneath the *** and intermediate-depth earthquakes are mainly distributed in the Hindu Kush region which is controlled by thrust faulting,whereas the Pamir is dominated by strike-slip stress regime with shallow and intermediate-depth *** area where the maximum principal stress axis is vertical in the southern Pamir corresponds to the location of a highconductivity low-velocity region that contributes to the seismogenic processes in this *** interpret the two distinct seismic zones to represent a double-sided subduction system where the Hindu Kush zone represents the northward subduction of the Indian plate,and the Pamir zone shows southward subduction of the Eurasian plate.A transition fault is inferred in the region between the Hindu Kush and the Pamir which regulates the opposing directions of motion of the Indian and Eurasian plates.

关键词： Pamir-Hindu Kush Seismicity Stress field Double-sided subduction Low-velocity body