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Verification and Validation of High-Resolution Inviscid and Viscous Conical Nozzle Flows

Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 533-549页

作者： Luciano K.Araki Rafael B.de R.Borges Nicholas Dicati P.da Silva chi-wang shu Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of ParanáCuritiba81531-980ParanáBrazil Mathematics and Statistics Institute Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro20550-900Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of MaringáMaringá87020-900ParanáBrazil Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA

Capturing elaborated flow structures and phenomena is required for well-solved numerical flows.The finite difference methods allow simple discretization of mesh and model equations.However,they need simpler meshes,e.g.,rectangular.The inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)procedure can handle complex geometries for rectangular meshes.High-resolution and high-order methods can capture elaborated flow structures and phenomena.They also have strong mathematical and physical backgrounds,such as positivity-preserving,jump conditions,and wave propagation concepts.We perceive an effort toward direct numerical simulation,for instance,regarding weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes.Thus,we propose to solve a challenging engineering application without turbulence models.We aim to verify and validate recent high-resolution and high-order methods.To check the solver accuracy,we solved vortex and Couette flows.Then,we solved inviscid and viscous nozzle flows for a conical profile.We employed the finite difference method,positivity-preserving Lax-Friedrichs splitting,high-resolution viscous terms discretization,fifth-order multi-resolution WENO,ILW,and third-order strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta.We showed the solver is high-order and captured elaborated flow structures and phenomena.One can see oblique shocks in both nozzle flows.In the viscous flow,we also captured a free-shock separation,recirculation,entrainment region,Mach disk,and the diamond-shaped pattern of nozzle flows.

关键词： High-resolution Compressible Navier-Stokes Free-shock separation Nozzle flow

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Preface

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 1-2页

作者： Qing Nie chi-wang shu Yulong Xing Yong-Tao Zhang University of California Irvine IrvineCAUSA Brown University ProvidenceRIUSA The Ohio State University ColumbusOHUSA University of Notre Dame Notre DameINUSA

This focused issue of the Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation is dedicated to the memory of Professor ching-Shan Chou,who passed away in November 2021.With her passing,our community of applied mathem... 详细信息

关键词： passing brilliant passed

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Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of E/F/H-Class Gas Turbine Combined Cycle with Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Inlet/Variable Guide Vane Adjustment under Part-Load Conditions

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 348-367页

作者： LI Keying chi Jinling wang Bo ZHANG Shijie Key Lab of Advanced Energy and Power Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Mechanical Electronic&Information Engineering China University of Mining&Technology-BeijingBeijing 100083China

Exhaust gas recirculation control(EGRC),an inlet air heating technology,can be utilized in combination with inlet/variable guide vane control(IGV/VGVC) and fuel flow control(FFC) to regulate the load,thereby effectively improving the part-load(i.e.,off-design) performance of the gas turbine combined cycle(GTCC).In this study,the E-,F-,and H-Class EGR-GTCC design and off-design system models were established and validated to perform a comparative analysis of the part-load performance under the EGR-IGV-FFC and conventional IGV-FFC strategies in the E/F/H-Class GTCC.Results show that EGR-IGV-FFC has considerable potential for the part-load performance enhancement and can show a higher combined cycle efficiency than IGV-FFC in the E-,F-,and H-Class GTCCs.However,the part-load performance improvement in the corresponding GTCC was weakened for the higher class of the gas turbine because of the narrower load range of EGR action and the deterioration of the gas turbine performance.Furthermore,EGR-IGV-FFC was inferior to IGV-FFC in improving the performance at loads below 50% for the H-Class GTCC.The results obtained in this paper could help guide the application of EGR-IGV-FFC to enhance the part-load performance of various classes of GTCC systems.

关键词： E/F/H-Class gas turbine combined cycle performance improvement part-load conditions exhaust gas recirculation inlet/variable guide vane

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort in East china

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第8期137卷 972-979页

作者： Sun Ying Zhang Haojie wang Bin wang Yuying Chen chi Chen Yi Lu Yingli wang Ningjian West china Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 Department of Endocrinology shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200011 china Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Department of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation Cochrane china Center MAGIC china Center chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center

Background: The serum vitamin D level varies widely by population, and studies have linked vitamin D levels with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship is inconsistent and the impact of vitamin D on T2DM among East chinese adults is unclear. The study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and the risk of T2DM and evaluated whether the association is modified by genetic predisposition.Methods: In the Survey on Prevalence in East china for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-china) cohort, 1862 participants free of T2DM at baseline were included. A weighted genetic risk score was calculated with 28 variants associated with T2DM. Hierarchical logistic models were used to examine the association of serum 25(OH)D and genetic risk with T2DM.Results: After a 5-year follow-up, 132 cases of T2DM were documented. We observed no significant association between quartiles of serum 25(OH)D and T2DM risk after multivariable adjustment (χ2 = 0.571,Pfor trend = 0.426). Compared to those in the lowest quartile of 25(OH)D, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for participants with increased quartiles were 1.29 (0.74-2.25), 1.35 (0.77-2.36), and 1.27 (0.72-2.24), respectively. We observed a positive association of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with 25(OH)D at baseline (β = 1.752,P = 0.001) and after follow-up (β = 1.385,P = 0.003), and a negative association of ln conversion homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-β with 25(OH)D at baseline (β = -0.982,P = 0.021). There was no significant interaction between 25(OH)D and diabetes genetic predisposition on the risk of T2DM (χ2 = 2.710,Pfor interaction = 0.100). The lowest OR (95% CI) of T2DM was among participants with low genetic risk and the highest quartile of 25(OH)D (0.17 [0.05–0.62]).Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D may be irrelevant to the risk of incident T2DM among East chinese adults regardless of genetic predisposition.

关键词： Vitamin D Diabetes mellitus, Type 2 Genetic predisposition to disease Prospective cohort Glycated hemoglobin SPECT-china

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Progress on Transition Metal Ions Dissolution Suppression Strategies in Prussian Blue Analogs for Aqueous Sodium-/Potassium-Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 142-168页

作者： Wenli shu Junxian Li Guangwan Zhang Jiashen Meng Xuanpeng wang Liqiang Mai Department of Physical Science and Technology School of ScienceWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials SynthesisWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070People’s Republic of China Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park Wuhan University of TechnologySanya 572000People’s Republic of China Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Wuhan University of TechnologyXiangyang Demonstration ZoneXiangyang 441000People’s Republic of China

Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)and aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs)present significant potential for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness,safety,and environmental compatibility.Nonetheless,the intricate energy storage mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes place stringent require-ments on the host materials.Prussian blue analogs(PBAs),with their open three-dimensional framework and facile synthesis,stand out as leading candidates for aqueous energy storage.However,PBAs possess a swift capacity fade and limited cycle longevity,for their structural integrity is compromised by the pronounced dis-solution of transition metal(TM)ions in the aqueous milieu.This manuscript provides an exhaustive review of the recent advancements concerning PBAs in ASIBs and APIBs.The dissolution mechanisms of TM ions in PBAs,informed by their structural attributes and redox processes,are thoroughly examined.Moreover,this study delves into innovative design tactics to alleviate the dissolution issue of TM ions.In conclusion,the paper consolidates various strategies for suppressing the dissolution of TM ions in PBAs and posits avenues for prospective exploration of high-safety aqueous sodium-/potassium-ion batteries.

关键词： Prussian blue analogs Transition metal ions dissolution Suppression strategies Aqueous sodium-ion batteries Aqueous potassium-ion batteries

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Therapeutic effect and psychological impact of aspirin plus edaravone on patients with cerebral infarction

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 644-652页

作者： Tian-shu wang Li-Jun Jing Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction(CI)is characterized by a high prevalence,disability,and mortality.Timely or improper treatment greatly affects patient prognosis.AIM To explore the drug efficacy of aspirin plus edaravone and to explore their effect on quality of life(QOL),anxiety and depression in CI patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the records of 124 CI patients treated between June 2019 and February 2021 who were assigned to an observation group(OG)(combination therapy of aspirin and edaravone,65 patients)or a control group(CG)(aspirin monotherapy,59 patients).The therapeutic effects,pre-and posttreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores,activities of daily living,degree of cognitive impairment,protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and S-100B,occurrence of adverse reactions,and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere evaluated,detected and compared between the two groups.Finally,posttreatment QOL,anxiety,and depression were assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Scale,Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),respectively.RESULTS Compared with the CG,the OG had markedly better therapeutic effects,greater improvements in activities of daily living,and better alleviation in cognitive dysfunction after treatment,as well as lower posttreatment NIHSS scores and serum NSE,GFAP,S-100B,hs-CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels;the OG was similar to the CG in terms of adverse reactions but was better than the CG in terms of posttreatment QOL;and the OG also had lower SDS and SAS scores than the CG after treatment.CONCLUSION Aspirin plus edaravone had a good curative effect on CI.It can reverse cranial nerve damage in patients,improve neurological function and prognosis,and alleviate inflammation,anxiety,and depression;thus,it is considered safe and worthy of clinical application.

关键词： Aspirin Edaravone Cerebral infarction Efficacy Quality of life

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Energy-Function Based Pilot Protection Scheme for Hybrid UHVDC Transmission Applying Improved Hausdorff Distance

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 891-902页

作者： Zijiang wang Youping Fan Ben Shang Yinbiao shu School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Institute of Next Generation Power Systems&International Standards Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China CSEE IEEE

A hybrid UHVDC transmission system applying LCC as the rectifier and MMC as the inverter combines the advantages of both converter types,which makes this protection scheme more complicated.A new pilot protection scheme for a three-terminal hybrid DC transmission system applying energy functions is proposed.The energy function for LCC is applied to MMC to derive the energy level of the hybrid system.Furthermore,an improved Hausdorff distance(IHD)algorithm is proposed to detect the difference in energy levels between the normal and fault states.An abrupt change in energy level is characterized by IHD change rate.Time points at which the IHD change rate exceeds the threshold at converter stations are applied to determine the fault line and to estimate the fault section.The proposed protection scheme is then verified by a simulation model of the Wudongde±800 kV three-terminal hybrid UHVDC transmission project.The appropriate sampling frequency is selected for a real-time calculation,and the threshold is selected considering the effect of noise.Results show the proposed scheme can identify and trip fault lines quickly and effectively,even for a 600Ωgrounding fault.Other waveshape similarity algorithms are compared and analyzed.Compared with existing protection schemes,the proposed scheme transmits less data to improve communication speed and reliability.

关键词： Energy function Hausdorff distance pilot protection UHVDC transmission

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Moment-Based Multi-Resolution HWENO Scheme for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

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Communications in Computational Physics 2022年第7期32卷 364-400页

作者： Jiayin Li chi-wang shu Jianxian Qiu School of Mathematical Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361005P.R.China Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA School of Mathematical Sciences and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathe-matical Modeling and High-Performance Scientific Computing Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361005P.R.China

In this paper,a high-order moment-based multi-resolution Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory(HWENO)scheme is designed for hyperbolic conservation laws.The main idea of this scheme is derived from our previous work[J.Comput.Phys.,446(2021)110653],in which the integral averages of the function and its first order derivative are used to reconstruct both the function and its first order derivative values at the boundaries.However,in this paper,only the function values at the Gauss-Lobatto points in the one or two dimensional case need to be reconstructed by using the information of the zeroth and first order moments.In addition,an extra modification procedure is used to modify those first order moments in the troubledcells,which leads to an improvement of stability and an enhancement of resolution near discontinuities.To obtain the same order of accuracy,the size of the stencil required by this moment-based multi-resolution HWENO scheme is still the same as the general HWENO scheme and is more compact than the generalWENO scheme.Moreover,the linear weights are not unique and are independent of the node position,and the CFL number can still be 0.6whether for the one or two dimensional case,which has to be 0.2 in the two dimensional case for other HWENO schemes.Extensive numerical examples are given to demonstrate the stability and resolution of such moment-based multi-resolution HWENO scheme.

关键词： Moment-based scheme multi-resolution scheme HWENO scheme hyperbolic conservation laws KXRCF troubled-cell indicator HLLC-flux

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Controllable image generation based on causal representation learning

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 135-148页

作者： Shanshan HUANG Yuanhao wang Zhili GONG Jun LIAO shu wang Li LIU School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China School of Materials and Energy Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Artificial intelligence generated content(AIGC)has emerged as an indispensable tool for producing large-scale content in various forms,such as images,thanks to the significant role that AI plays in imitation and production.However,interpretability and controllability remain challenges.Existing AI methods often face challenges in producing images that are both flexible and controllable while considering causal relationships within the images.To address this issue,we have developed a novel method for causal controllable image generation(CCIG)that combines causal representation learning with bi-directional generative adversarial networks(GANs).This approach enables humans to control image attributes while considering the rationality and interpretability of the generated images and also allows for the generation of counterfactual images.The key of our approach,CCIG,lies in the use of a causal structure learning module to learn the causal relationships between image attributes and joint optimization with the encoder,generator,and joint discriminator in the image generation module.By doing so,we can learn causal representations in image’s latent space and use causal intervention operations to control image generation.We conduct extensive experiments on a real-world dataset,CelebA.The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of CCIG.

关键词： Image generation Controllable image editing Causal structure learning Causal representation learning

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Physiochemical and biological characteristics of fouling on landfill leachate treatment systems surface

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 59-71页

作者： Zhourui Gong shu Yang Rui Zhang Yangqing wang Xiaoqing Wu Liyan Song School of resources and environmental engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-term Scientific Research Base Dongzhi 247230China Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Xing Lu Huan Jing Co.LTD. Luzhou 646000China

Fouling of landfill leachate,a biofilm formation process on the surface of the collection system,migration pipeline and treatment system causes low efficiency of leachate transportation and treatment and increases cost for maintenance of those facilities.In addition,landfill leachate fouling might accumulate pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),posing threats to the environment.Characterization of the landfill leachate fouling and its associated environmental behavior is essential for the management of fouling.In this study,physicochemical and biological properties of landfill leachate fouling and the possible accumulation capacity of pathogens and ARGs were investigated in nitrification(aerobic condition)and denitrification(anaerobic condition)process during landfill leachate biological treatment,respectively.Results show that microbial(bacterial,archaeal,eukaryotic,and viral)community structure and function(carbon fixation,methanogenesis,nitrification and denitrification)differed in fouling under aerobic and anaerobic conditions,driven by the supplemental leachate water quality.Aerobic fouling had a higher abundance of nitrification and denitrification functional genes,while anaerobic fouling harbored a higher abundance of carbon fixation and methanogenesis genes.Both forms of leachate fouling had a higher abundance of pathogens and ARGs than the associated leachate,suggesting the accumulation capacity of fouling on biotic pollutants.Specifically,aerobic fouling harbored three orders of magnitude higher multidrug resistance genes mex D than its associated leachate.This finding provides fundamental knowledge on the biological properties of leachate fouling and suggests that leachate fouling might harbor significant pathogens and ARGs.

关键词： Landfill leachate fouling Biofilm Microbiome Carbon and nitrogen cycle Pathogens Antibiotic resistance genes

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