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Genotypes versus phenotypes:The potential paradigm shift in the diagnosis and management of pediatric neoplasms

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Pediatric Investigation 2020年第3期4卷 204-210页

作者： Godfrey chi-Fung chan Carol Matias chan Department of Paediatrics&Adolescent Medicine Hong Kong Children’s Hospital&Hong Kong University Shenzhen HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Faculty of Medicine University of Central LancashireUK

The gold standard of cancer diagnosis has long been based on histological characteristics.With the rapid advancement of genetic medicine,such standard algorithm of diagnostic approach is facing a challenge.The genetic findings have been changed from being a"supporting character"into the role of a"main character".More and more disease diagnosis and classification has to be defined by genetic basis.In this article,we focus on the challenges in the field of pediatric oncology.We cited 2 scenarios where genetic information plays a pivotal role in identifying the underlying pathology.The first scenario is that same genetic mutation can lead to variable clinical phenotypes,this includes EWSR1-PATZ1 fusion related neoplasms;BCOR neoplasms;and GATA-2 deficiency related immunodeficiency and myelodysplastic syndrome.Another scenario is relatively more common that is the same clinical and histopathological phenotype with different underlying genotypes.The genotypes actually impact on the treatment response and outcome.We used medulloblastoma as an example.In fact,we can also find similar scenario in many pediatric cancers such as Ewing sarcoma,ependymoma,etc.The essence of this article is to remind clinicians of the rapid development in genetic medicine and it has been reshaping the landscape of the modern disease classification and therapeutic approach.In the near future,it may even lead to a paradigm shift in our disease diagnostic algorithm.

关键词： Genotype Phenotype Pediatric cancers

Interplay of laser power and pore characteristics in selective laser melting of ZK60 magnesium alloys:A study based on in-situ monitoring and image analysis

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1346-1366页

作者： Weijie Xie Hau-Chung Man chi-Wai chan Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen’s UniversityBelfast BT95AHUK Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

This study offers significant insights into the multi-physics phenomena of the SLM process and the subsequent porosity characteristics of ZK60 Magnesium(Mg)alloys.High-speed in-situ monitoring was employed to visualise process signals in real-time,elucidating the dynamics of melt pools and vapour plumes under varying laser power conditions specifically between 40 W and 60 W.Detailed morphological analysis was performed using Scanning-Electron Microscopy(SEM),demonstrating a critical correlation between laser power and pore formation.Lower laser power led to increased pore coverage,whereas a denser structure was observed at higher laser power.This laser power influence on porosity was further confirmed via Optical Microscopy(OM)conducted on both top and cross-sectional surfaces of the samples.An increase in laser power resulted in a decrease in pore coverage and pore size,potentially leading to a denser printed part of Mg alloy.X-ray Computed Tomography(XCT)augmented these findings by providing a 3D volumetric representation of the sample internal structure,revealing an inverse relationship between laser power and overall pore volume.Lower laser power appeared to favour the formation of interconnected pores,while a reduction in interconnected pores and an increase in isolated pores were observed at higher power.The interplay between melt pool size,vapour plume effects,and laser power was found to significantly influence the resulting porosity,indicating a need for effective management of these factors to optimise the SLM process of Mg alloys.

关键词： Selective laser melting(SLM) Magnesium(Mg)alloys Biodegradable implants Porosity In-situ monitoring

Successful capture of red thrombus in acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第10期15卷 647-648页

作者： Wai-Kin chi chi-Yuen chan Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsPrince of Wales Hospitalthe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

A 50-year-old gentleman with past medical history of hypertension presented with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).He complained severe chest pain despite onset time was more than 12h.U... 详细信息

关键词： Embolic protection device Successful capture Thrombus

Source-Aware Embedding Training on Heterogeneous Information Networks

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Data Intelligence 2023年第3期5卷 611-635页

作者： Tsai Hor chan chi Ho Wong Jiajun Shen Guosheng Yin Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science The University of Hong Kong Hong KongChina Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong KongChina TCLCorporateResearch(Hong Kong)HongKong China

Heterogeneous information networks(HINs)have been extensively applied to real-world tasks,such as recommendation systems,social networks,and citation networks.While existing HIN representation learning methods can effectively learn the semantic and structural features in the network,little awareness was given to the distribution discrepancy of subgraphs within a single HIN.However,we find that ignoring such distribution discrepancy among subgraphs from multiple sources would hinder the effectiveness of graph embedding learning algorithms.This motivates us to propose SUMSHINE(Scalable Unsupervised Multi-Source Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding)-a scalable unsupervised framework to align the embedding distributions among multiple sources of an HiN.Experimental results on real-world datasets in a variety of downstream tasks validate the performance of our method over the state-of-the-art heterogeneous information network embedding algorithms.

关键词： Heterogeneous information network Graph representation learning Distribution alignment Recommendation system Adversarial learning Graph neural network

Current status of associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy: Comparison with two-stage hepatectomy and strategies for better outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第43期25卷 6373-6385页

作者： Kin Pan Au Albert chi Yan chan Department of Surgery Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Department of Surgery and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Since its introduction in 2012,associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)has significantly expanded the pool of candidates for liver resection.It offers patients with insufficient liver function a chance of a cure.ALPPS is most controversial when its high morbidity and mortality is concerned.Operative mortality is usually a result of posthepatectomy liver failure and can be minimized with careful patient selection.Elderly patients have limited reserve for tolerating the demanding operation.Patients with colorectal liver metastasis have normal liver and are ideal candidates.ALPPS for cholangiocarcinoma is technically challenging and associated with fair outcomes.Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have chronic liver disease and limited parenchymal hypertrophy.However,in selected patients with limited hepatic fibrosis satisfactory outcomes have been produced.During the inter-stage period,serum bilirubin and creatinine level and presence of surgical complication predict mortality after stage II.Kinetic growth rate and hepatobiliary scintigraphy also guide the decision whether to postpone or omit stage II surgery.The outcomes of ALPPS have been improved by a combination of technical modifications.In patients with challenging anatomy,partial ALPPS potentially reduces morbidity,but remnant hypertrophy may compare unfavorably to a complete split.When compared to conventional two-stage hepatectomy with portal vein embolization or portal vein ligation,ALPPS offers a higher resection rate for colorectal liver metastasis without increased morbidity or mortality.While ALPPS has obvious theoretical oncological advantages over two-stage hepatectomy,the long-term outcomes are yet to be determined.

关键词： Associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy Two-stage hepatectomy Patient selection Surgical outcomes

Distribution of a Certain Partition Function Modulo Powers of Primes

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第4期27卷 625-634页

作者： Hei-Chi Chan Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Illinois at Springfield Springfield IL 62703-5407 USA

In this paper, we study a certain partition function a（n） defined by ∑n≥0 a（n）qn ：= ∏n=1（1- qn）-1（1 -2n）-1. We prove that given a positive integer j 〉 1 and a prime m _〉 5, there are infinitely many congruences of the type a（An ＋ B） ≡ 0 （rood m3）. This work is inspired by Ono＇s ground breaking result in the study of the distribution of the partition function p（n）.

关键词： Distribution of partition function Ono＇s theorem Ramanujan＇s congruences

Laparoscopic liver resection: western versus eastern experience

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chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2014年第3期26卷 243-244页

作者： Fiona KM chan Kai chi Cheng Department of Surgery Kwong Wah Hospital

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is the most common primary liver tumor. It is the seventh world＇s most common cancer and rank second of all cancer deaths （I）. It incurs a global health burden, with 782,451 new cases diagnosed worldwide in the year 2012 and a morality of 745,517： a high incidence to morality ratio of 1.05. Majority of patients resides in the developing world and often presented late resulting in poor prognosis. Early detection is thus crucial for capturing early disease whereby curative resection can offer the best survival outcome （2）.

关键词： HCC western versus eastern experience

Transurethral resection of prostate for acute urinary retention is linked to shorter survival in younger men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第5期21卷 468-472页

作者： Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh chi-Kwok chan Maggie Haitian Wang chi-Ho Leung Eddie Shu-Yin chan Peter Ka-Fung chiu chi-Hang Yee Hon-Ming Wong Simon See-Ming Hou chi-Fai Ng S.H.Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Biostatistics JC School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Urology Department of SurgeryNorth District HospitalHong KongChina Division of Urology Department of SurgeryAlice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole HospitalHong KongChina

It is largely unknown whether lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)or acute retention of urine(AROU)is linked to shorter life expectancy in men.We conducted a multicenter,retrospective database analysis of patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate(TURP)to study their relationships.Multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis with stratification to age and indication of TURP were performed.We further performed an age-and sex-matched survival analysis with the general population using data from the Census and Statistics Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Hong Kong,china).From January 2002 to December 2012,3496 patients undergoing TURP were included in our study,with 1764 patients in the LUTS group and 1732 patients in the AROU group.Old age,ischemic heart disease,cerebrovascular accident,and AROU were risk factors of mortality.Patients aged80 years.Compared to the general population,younger patients in the LUTS group appeared to have better survival(80 years,survival was similar with the general population in both the LUTS and AROU groups.In conclusion,AROU at young age was associated with mortality,while early detection and management of LUTS may improve survival.

关键词： acute retention of urine lower urinary tract symptoms mortality transurethral resection of prostate

Sensitivity of precipitation statistics to urban growth in a subtropical coastal megacity cluster

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第9期29卷 6-12页

作者： Christopher Claus Holst Johnny C.L.chan chi-Yung Tam School of Energy and Enuironment City Uniuersity of liong KongHong KongChina Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre City Uniuersity of Hong KongHong KongChina Earth System Science Programme The Chinese Uniuersity of Hong KongHong KongChina

This short paper presents an investigation on how human activities may or may not affect precipitation based on numerical simulations of precipitation in a benchmark case with modified lower boundary conditions, representing different stages of urban development in the model. The results indicate that certain degrees of urbanization affect the likelihood of heavy precipitation significantly, while less urbanized or smaller cities are much less prone to these effects. Such a result can be explained based on our previous work where the sensitivity of precipitation statistics to surface anthropogenic heat sources lies in the generation of buoyancy and turbulence in the planetary boundary layer and dissipation through triggering of convection. Thus only mega cities of sufficient size, and hence human-activity-related anthropogenic heat emission, can expect to experience such effects. In other words, as cities grow, their effects upon precipitation appear to grow as well.

关键词： Urban precipitation Micro climate sensitivity Urbanization