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Climate change detection and attribution in the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna river basins

Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 192-201页

作者： chetan sharma Anoop Kumar Shukla Yongqiang Zhang Civil Engineering Department JIETJodhpurRajasthanIndia Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna(GBM)river basin is the third-largest and one of the most populated river basins in the *** climate change is affecting most of the hydrometeorological variables across the globe,this study investigated the existence of climate change signal in all four climatological seasons in the GBM river basin and assessed the contribution of anthropogenic activities,i.e.,Greenhouse Gases(GHGs)emission in the *** decreasing trends in the monsoon and a small increase in pre-monsoon precipitation were *** change was detected in post-monsoon and winter season ***5 GCMs were used for climate change detection,change point estimation,and attribution *** Vector Machine(SVM)regression method was adopted to downscale GCM variables at the local ***-Carlo simulation approach was used to detect changes in different *** climate change‘signals’were detectable after the year 1980 using Signal to Noise ratio(SNR)method in the majority of central and north-western *** change point was detectable only in annual monsoon precipitation at the basin *** analysis indicated>50%contribution of anthropogenic activities(GHGs)to annual monsoon precipitation ***,there is high confidence that monsoon precipitation in GBM has significantly changed due to anthropogenic *** mitigation and adaption measures are also suggested,which may be adopted to manage the growing demand and water availability in the basin.

关键词： Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna(GBM) Climate change Support vector machine Signal to noise ratio Anthropogenic activities

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One pot three component synthesis of spiro [indolo-3,10’-indeno[1,2-b]quinolin]-2,4,11’-triones as a new class of antifungal and antimicrobial agents

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2017年第1期28卷 136-142页

作者： Kalawati Meena Sudesh Kumari Jitender M.Khurana Amita Malik chetan sharma Harsh Panwar Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India Dyal Singh College University of Delhi Lodhi Road Delhi 110003 India Department of Dairy Microbiology College of Dairy Science and Technology Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science UniversityLudhiana 141004 India

A simple and efficient three component procedure has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted spiro[indolo-3,100-indeno[1,2-b]quinolin]-2,4,11＇-triones by one pot three component condensation of enaminones, isatin and indane-1,3-dione in ethanol：water（1：1） in presence of ceric ammonium nitrate（CAN） as catalyst. This method provides several advantages such as lesser reaction time, high yield of products and operational simplicity. The antimicrobial activity of some of the compounds has been investigated against six microbial strains, some of the tested compounds showed good antimicrobial activity.

关键词： Multicomponent reactions Isatin Spirooxindole Heterocycles Antimicrobial activity

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Multicomponent domino process for the synthesis of some novel 5-(arylidene)-3-((1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-diones using PEG-400 as an efficient reaction medium and their antimicrobial evaluation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第1期26卷 50-54页

作者： Jayant Sindhu Harjinder Singh J.M.Khurana chetan sharma K.R.Aneja Department of Chemistry Delhi University Department of Microbiology Kurukshetra University

A series of novel thiazolidinedione-triazole hybrids were synthesized by one pot reaction between thiazolidine-2.4-dione,substituted aryl aldehydes,piopargyl bromide and substituted aryl azides using piperidine,CuSO4· 5H2O and sodium ascorbate as catalysts in PEG-400 as a highly efficient and green *** thiazolidinedione-triazole hybrids were subjected to in vitro antibacterial activity against four strains *** *** subtilis,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity against two fungal strains namely,Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus.

关键词： Multicomponent AntibacterialAntifungal 1,2,3-Triazoles thiazolidine-2,4-diones

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Antimicrobial potential of Terminalia chebula Retz. fruit extracts against ear pathogens

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2012年第2期2卷 8-13页

作者： chetan sharma Kamal R Aneja Ramkrashan Kasera Ashish Aneja Department of Microbiology Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra 136119HaryanaIndia Department of Biotechnology Pune UniversityPune 411007India University Health Center Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra 136119HaryanaIndia

AIM： To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Terminalia chebula （ T. chebula） extracts against pathogens causing otitis externa and compare it with ear ***： Four different extracts, methanol, ethanol, acetone and aqueous （hot and cold） extracts, from the T. chebula were tested for their antimicrobial activity through the agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC）/minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） values were determined through the macrodilution broth method against six different microorganism, five bacterial （one gram positive and four gram negative） and one ***： Organic and aqueous fruit extracts displayed activity against all fve tested bacterial ear pathogens with a maximum zone of inhibition of 31.6 mm against Staphylococcus aureus , followed by Acinetobacter sp. （24.6 mm）, Pseudomonas aeruginosa （23.6 mm）, Proteus mirabilis （21 mm） and Escherichia coli （19.3mm）. Of the four solvents evaluated, acetonic fruit extract of T. chebula was found to be best. The MIC values ranged between 0.78 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL for the different bacterial ear pathogens and MBC values ranged between 1.56 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. The acetonic fruit extract showed larger inhibition zones compared to the herbal ear drops, Kan pip with lowest MIC of 0.78 mg/mL and MBC of 1.56 mg/***： Acetonic extract of T. chebula fruit may be used to treat otitis externa. However, more detailed studies, such as in vivo testing and pharmacokinetics properties, are needed to determine its therapeutic potential.

关键词： Otitis externa Terminalia chebula Anti-microbial activity Minimum inhibitory concentration Mi-nimum bactericidal concentration Organic and aqueous extracts

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Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes and control of horizontal transfer risk by UV-based treatment of drinking water: A mini review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 3-11页

作者： Virender K.sharma Xin Yu Thomas J.McDonald chetan Jinadatha Dionysios D.Dionysiou Mingbao Feng Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Temple TX 76504 USA College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center Bryan TX 77807 USA Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DChEE) 705 Engineering Research Center University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recognized as one of the biggest public health issues of the 21 st century. Both ARB and ARGs have been determined in water after treatment with conventional disinfectants. Ultraviolet (UV) technology has been seen growth in application to disinfect the water. However, UV method alone is not adequate to degrade ARGs in water. Researchers are investigating the combination of UV with other oxidants (chlorine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and photocatalysts) to harness the high reactivity of produced reactive species (C1-, C1O -, Cl2-,-OH, and SO4-_) in such processes with constituents of cell (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its components) in order to increase the degradation efficiency of ARGs. This paper briefly reviews the current status of different UV-based treatments (UV/chlorination, UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV-photocatalysis) to degrade ARGs and to control horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in water. The review also provides discussion on the mechanism of degradation of ARGs and application of q-PCR and gel electrophoresis to obtain insights of the fate of ARGs during UV-based treatment processes.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance bacteria Advanced oxidation processes Disinfection Reactive chlorine species Sulfate radicals Reactive oxygen species

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Critical care practice in India:Results of the intensive care unit need assessment survey(ININ2018)

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2020年第2期9卷 31-42页

作者： Rahul Kashyap Kirtivardhan Vashistha chetan Saini Taru Dutt Dileep Raman Vikas Bansal Harpreet Singh Geeta Bhandari Nagarajan Ramakrishnan Harshit Seth Divya sharma Premkumar Seshadri Mradul Kumar Daga Mohan Gurjar Yash Javeri Salim Surani Joseph Varon 无 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Infectious Disease Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Internal Medicine Allegheny General HospitalPittsburghPA 15212United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Medicine Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 14061United States Department of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States and Department of PsychiatryHennepin County Medical CenterMinneapolisMN 55415United States Department of Medicine Cloud Physician HealthcareBangalore 560038India Department of Critical Care Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Internal Medicine Maulana Azad Medical College&Associated HospitalsNew DelhiDelhi 110002India Department of Anesthesiology Government Medical CollegeHaldwaniNainital 263129India Department of Critical Care Medicine Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of Hospitalist Medicine Allegany ClinicAllegany Health NetworkPittsburghPA 15222United States Premkumar Seshadri Department of MedicineMAAGF HealthcareChennai 600024India Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Occupational and Environment Health Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew DelhiDelhi 110002India Department of Critical Care Medicine Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226014India Department of Critical Care Medicine Regency Super Speciality HospitalLucknow 208005India Nayati Healthcare New DelhiDelhi 110065India Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Department of Critical Care United Memorial Medical CenterHoustonTX 77091United States ININ-2018 Investigators Team

BACKGROUND A diverse country like India may have variable intensive care units(ICUs)practices at state and city *** To gain insight into clinical services and processes of care in ICUs in India,this would help plan for potential educational and quality improvement *** The Indian ICU needs assessment research group of diverse-skilled individuals was formed.A pan-India survey"Indian National ICU Needs"assessment(ININ 2018-I)was designed on google forms and deployed from July 23rd-August 25th,*** survey was sent to select distribution lists of ICU providers from all 29 states and 7 union territories(UTs).In addition to emails and phone calls,social medial applications-WhatsApp™,Facebook™and LinkedIn™were used to remind and motivate *** completing and submitting the survey,providers gave their consent for research *** study was deemed eligible for category-2 Institutional Review Board exempt *** There were total 134 adult/adult-pediatrics ICU responses from 24(83%out of 29)states,and two(28%out of 7)UTs in 61 *** had median(IQR)16(10-25)beds and most,were mixed medical-surgical,111(83%),with 108(81%)being adult-only *** responders were young,median(IQR),38(32-44)years age and majority,n=108(81%)were *** consultants were,n=101(75%).A total of 77(57%)reported to have 24 h in-house intensivist.A total of 68(51%)ICUs reported to have either 2:1 or 2≥:1 patient:nurse *** than 80%of the ICUs were open,and mixed *** followed regularly by the ICUs included sepsis care,ventilator-associated pneumonia(83%each);nutrition(82%),deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis(87%),stress ulcer prophylaxis(88%)and glycemic control(92%).Digital infrastructure was found to be poor,with only 46%of the ICUs reporting high-speed internet *** In this large,national,semi-structured,need-assessment survey,the need for improved manpower including;in-house intensivists,and decreasing

关键词： Intensive care unit Critical care India Survey Intensive care unit survey Intensive care unit needs

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