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Digital earth:yesterday,today,and tomorrow

International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1022-1072页

作者： Alessandro Annoni Stefano Nativi ArzuÇöltekin cheryl desha Eugene Eremchenko Caroline M.Gevaert Gregory Giuliani Min Chen Luis Perez-Mora Joseph Strobl Stephanie Tumampos International Society for Digital Earth BeijingPeople’s Republic of China National Research Council RomeItaly University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW School of EngineeringInstitute of Interactive Technologies IITBrugg-WindischSwitzerland Nathan Campus Griffith UniversityCities Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia Department of Earth Observation Science University of TwenteTwenteThe Netherland Institute for Environmental Sciences/enviroSPACE University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Cities Research Institute Nathan CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Department of Geoinformatics University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria Chair of Remote Sensing Technology Technical University of MunichMunichGermany Big Geospatial Data Management Technical University of MunichMunichGermany

The concept of Digital Earth(DE)was formalized by Al Gore in 1998.At that time the technologies needed for its implementation were in an embryonic stage and the concept was quite visionary.Since then digital technologies have progressed significantly and their speed and pervasiveness have generated and are still causing the digital transformation of our society.This creates new opportunities and challenges for the realization of DE.‘What is DE today?’,‘What could DE be in the future?’,and‘What is needed to make DE a reality?’.To answer these questions it is necessary to examine DE considering all the technological,scientific,social,and economic aspects,but also bearing in mind the principles that inspired its formulation.By understanding the lessons learned from the past,it becomes possible to identify the remaining scientific and technological challenges,and the actions needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a‘Digital Earth for all’.This article reviews the evolution of the DE vision and its multiple definitions,illustrates what has been achieved so far,explains the impact of digital transformation,illustrates the new vision,and concludes with possible future scenarios and recommended actions to facilitate full DE implementation.

关键词： Digital Earth digital transformation sustainable development data governance and ethic citizen empowerment and industry engagement

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Delivering Tram-Based Boulevards: Learning from Opportunities and Challenges in Three European City Case Studies

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2023年第2期13卷 262-281页

作者： Jan Scheurer Marie Verschuer Peter Newman cheryl desha Centre for Urban Research RMIT University Melbourne Australia School of Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Perth Australia Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute (CUSP) Curtin University Perth Australia Cities Research Institute Griffith University Brisbane Australia

Increasing calls for zero-carbon cities invite transformative solutions for people and places within our cities around the world. Key to the transformation is cities and regions shifting in mobility away from fossil-fuel based car-oriented solutions. The paper investigates a range of case studies where “tram-based boulevards” have been planned or implemented to provide such opportunities. The case studies share a common broader policy objective: to transform the car-oriented or car-saturated areas to an intensified urban template based on a critical presence of dedicated mid-tier transit infrastructure and active transport. “Trams”, or mid-tier, mid-capacity transit when combined with Transit oriented development (TOD) along whole corridors can provide transformative pathways towards zero-carbon outcomes as well as multiple, strong urban benefits. However, many successful or instructive examples of this practice from non-English speaking countries, particularly in Europe, are underdocumented in the international literature. The paper addresses this gap by investigating opportunities and challenges evident in a range of European case studies. These are explored for insight towards policy learning particularly in New World cities seeking to transform into a zero-carbon and more transit-oriented template: How can decision-makers avoid repeating the identified pitfalls, and instead focus on emulating the successful approaches and outcomes? We conclude the need for recognition of the inherent synergies between transport and land use settings in any endeavour, and their translation into policy priorities in both fields of planning. We also conclude the importance of decision makers proactively identifying and critically appraising specific opportunities for change, concerning funding, technology, public opinion, stakeholder alliances or market dynamics, and capitalising on them at suitable moments in time.

关键词： Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Transit Activated Corridors (TAC) Zero-Carbon Cities Transit Diversity Urban Corridor Intensification Trams Boulevards European Case Studies

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Pivotal principles for digital earth development in the twenty-first century

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第4期10卷 371-385页

作者： cheryl desha Timothy Foresman Annapurna Vancheswaran Angela Reeve John Hayes Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI) DelhiIndia

Reductionist thinking will no longer suffice to address contemporary,complex challenges that defy sectoral,national,or disciplinary boundaries.Furthermore,lessons learned from the past cannot be confidently used to predict outcomes or guide future actions.The authors propose that the confluence of a number of technology and social disruptors presents a pivotal moment in history to enable real time,accelerated,and integrated action that can adequately support a‘future earth’through transformational solutions.Building on more than a decade of dialogues hosted by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE),and evolving a briefing note presented to delegates of Pivotal 2015,the paper presents an emergent context for collectively addressing spatial information,sustainable development,and good governance through three guiding principles for enabling prosperous living in the twenty-first century.These are:(1)open data,(2)real-world context,and(3)informed visualization for decision support.The paper synthesizes an interdisciplinary dialogue to create a credible and positive future vision of collaborative and transparent action for the betterment of humanity and planet.It is intended that these Pivotal Principles can be used as an elegant framework for action toward the Digital Earth vision,across local,regional,and international communities and organizations.

关键词： Geo-spatial information transformation toward sustainability Pivotal Principles

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Evaluating the role of partnerships in increasing the use of big Earth data to support the Sustainable Development Goals:an Australian perspective

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Big Earth Data 2021年第4期5卷 527-556页

作者： Zaffar Sadiq Mohamed-Ghouse cheryl desha Abbas Rajabifard Michelle Blicavs Graeme Martin Spatial Vision Australia School of Engineering and Built Environment Cities Research InstituteGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration(CSDILA)at the University of Melbourne Australia Association of Consulting Surveyors Australia

Leaders are increasingly calling for improved decision support to manage human and environmental challenges in the 21^(st)Century.The 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)pro-vide a framing of these challenges,wherein 169 targets require significant data to be monitored and pursued effectively.However,many targets are still not connected with big Earth data capabilities.In this conceptual paper,the authors sought to answer the question“How are partnerships influencing progress in using big Earth data to address the SDGs?”Using the Pivotal Principles for Digital Earth,we reflect on the geospatial sector’s partnering efforts and opportunities for enhancing the use of big Earth data.We use Australia as a case study to explore partnering for action towards one or more SDGs.We conclude that partnerships are emerging for big Earth data use in addressing the SDGs,but much can still be done to harness the power of partnerships for transformative SDG outcomes.We propose four key enabling priorities:1)multiple-stakeholder collaboration,2)regular enactment of the problem-solving cycle,3)transparent and reliable georeferenced data,and 4)development and preservation of trust.Five“next steps”are outlined for Australia,which can also benefit practitioners and leaders globally in problem-solving for the SDGs.

关键词： United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDGs SDG-17 partnerships for decision support big Earth data Australia

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Loss to Specialized Cardiology Follow-Up in Adults Living with Congenital Heart Disease

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 49-63页

作者： cheryl Dickson Danielle Osborn David Baker Judith Fethney David S.Celermajer Rachael Cordina Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Westmead HospitalSydneyAustralia Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery The University of SydneySydneyAustralia Sydney Medical School The University of SydneySydneyAustralia

Background:Much has been written about the loss to follow-up in the transition between pediatric and adult Congenital Heart Disease(CHD)care centers.Much less is understood about the loss to follow-up(LTF)after a successful transition.This is critical too,as patients lost to specialised care are more likely to experience mor-bidity and premature mortality.Aims:To understand the prevalence and reasons for loss to follow-up(LTF)at a large Australian Adult Congenital Heart Disease(ACHD)centre.Methods:Patients with moderate or highly complex CHD and gaps in care of>3 years(deﬁned as LTF)were identiﬁed from a comprehensive ACHD data-base.Structured telephone interviews examined current care and barriers to clinic attendance.Results:Overall,407(22%)of ACHD patients(n=1842)were LTF.The mean age at LTF was 31(SD 11.5)years and 54%were male;311(76%)were uncontactable.Compared to adults seen regularly,lost patients were younger,with a greater socio-economic disadvantage,and had less complex CHD(p<0.05 for all).We interviewed 59 patients(14%).The top 3 responses for care absences were“feeling well”(61%),losing track of time(36%),and not needing fol-low-up care(25%).Conclusions:A large proportion of the ACHD population becomes lost to specialised cardiac care,even after a successful transition.This Australian study reports younger age,moderate complexity defects,and socio-economic disadvantage as predictive of loss to follow-up.This study highlights the need for novel approaches to patient-centered service delivery even beyond the age of transition and resources to maintain patient engagement within the ACHD service.

关键词： Loss to follow-up follow-up adult congenital heart disease lapse in care gaps in care care gaps care continuity ACHD predictors

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Clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in liver transplant recipients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第6期14卷 1142-1149页

作者： Muhammad Shafiq cheryl Gibson Department of General and Geriatric Medicine University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States

BACKGROUND Liver transplant patients are at higher risk of infection due to immunosuppression.Whether liver transplant recipients are also more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and will have worse outcomes than the general population if they develop coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)due to SARS-CoV-2 is a topic of ongoing studies,including ours.AIM To assess the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients.METHODS This was a case-control study,with a database search performed(at the study site)from March 1,2020 through February 28,2021.Patients 18 years or older who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were included in the study.Patients with infection other than pneumonia at the time of admission were excluded.After selection,patients who had been the recipient of liver transplant were considered cases and those without as controls.After being matched by age,sex,and obesity,two controls were randomly selected for each case.Death and hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection were the primary outcomes.Secondary outcomes were pertinent only to patients who were hospitalized,and they included duration of hospital stay,need for supplemental oxygen,presence of at least one type of end-organ damage,effects on liver enzymes,incidence of acute liver failure,effect on d-dimer levels,and incidence of venous thromboembolism(VTE).Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare all primary and secondary outcomes with the exception of duration of hospital stay and d-dimer levels,which were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Alpha criterion was set at 0.05.Logistic regression was performed for each primary outcome(as the dependent variable).Statistical analyses were performed using R software.RESULTS Of the 470 Liver transplant recipients who were tested for COVID-19 via the PCR test,39 patients tested positive(8.3%).There was no significant difference between cases and controls regarding death[odds ratio(OR):2.04,95%confidence

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Liver transplant recipients Clinical outcomes Death Hospitalization

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Risk stratification of patients who present with chest pain and have normal troponins using a machine learning model

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第11期14卷 565-575页

作者： Muhammad Shafiq Diego Robles Mazzotti cheryl Gibson Division of General and Geriatric Medicine Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States Division of Medical Informatics&Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States

BACKGROUND Risk stratification tools exist for patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency room and have achieved the recommended negative predictive value(NPV)of 99%.However,due to low positive predictive value(PPV),current stratification tools result in unwarranted investigations such as serial laboratory tests and cardiac stress tests(CSTs).AIM To create a machine learning model(MLM)for risk stratification of chest pain with a better PPV.METHODS This retrospective cohort study used de-identified hospital data from January 2016 until November 2021.Inclusion criteria were patients aged>21 years who presented to the ER,had at least two serum troponins measured,were subsequently admitted to the hospital,and had a CST within 4 d of presentation.Exclusion criteria were elevated troponin value(>0.05 ng/mL)and missing values for body mass index.The primary outcome was abnormal CST.Demographics,coronary artery disease(CAD)history,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,chronic kidney disease,obesity,and smoking were evaluated as potential risk factors for abnormal CST.Patients were also categorized into a high-risk group(CAD history or more than two risk factors)and a low-risk group(all other patients)for comparison.Bivariate analysis was performed using a χ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact test.Age was compared by t test.Binomial regression(BR),random forest,and XGBoost MLMs were used for prediction.Bootstrapping was used for the internal validation of prediction models.BR was also used for inference.Alpha criterion was set at 0.05 for all statistical tests.R software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS The final cohort of the study included 2328 patients,of which 245(10.52%)patients had abnormal CST.When adjusted for covariates in the BR model,male sex[risk ratio(RR)=1.52,95%confidence interval(CI):1.2-1.94,P<0.001],CAD history(RR=4.46,95%CI:3.08-6.72,P<0.001),and hyperlipidemia(RR=3.87,95%CI:2.12-8.12,P<0.001)remained statistically significant.Incidence of abnormal CST was 12.2%in the high-risk group

关键词： Machine learning Chest pain Risk stratification Risk factors Cardiac stress test Cardiac catheterization

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Associations between maternal vitamin D status and porcine litter characteristics throughout gestation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 806-813页

作者： Claire Stenhouse Emma Hurst Richard J.Mellanby cheryl J.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK Current Affiliation Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843‑2471USA Clinical Sciences Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK.

Emerging evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy,and the regulation of foetal growth across mammalian species.However,the temporal changes in maternal vitamin D sta-tus throughout gestation in the pig and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and litter characteristics of interest across gestation remain poorly understood and under-investigated.The abundance of 25(OH)D in maternal plasma was quantified by HPLC–MS/MS at gestational days(GD)18,30,45,60 and 90(n=5–11 gilts/GD).Maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased between GD18 and GD30(P<0.05).The relationship between maternal vitamin D metabolite concentrations and litter characteristics of interest including gilt weight,ovulation rate,mean litter weight,number of live foetuses,percentage prenatal survival,and sex ratio of the litter was assessed.Maternal 25(OH)D(P=0.059)concentrations tended to be positively associated with percentage prenatal survival on GD60.On GD90,maternal 25(OH)D(P<0.05)concentrations were inversely associated with gilt weight.Maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with the percentage of male foetuses in the litter on GD90(P<0.05).This study has provided novel insights into temporal changes in maternal vitamin D status throughout ges-tation and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and the economically important litter characteristics of gilt weight,percentage prenatal survival and percentage of male foetuses in the litter.Improving the understanding of the role of vitamin D across important developmental timepoints in relation to foetal growth is essential to improve reproductive success in livestock species.

关键词： Porcine Pregnancy Vitamin D

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Associations between testicular development and fetal size in the pig

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1340-1350页

作者： Claire Stenhouse Yennifer Cortes-Araya F.Xavier Donadeu cheryl J.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University440 Kleberg CenterCollege StationTX 77843-2471USA

Background:Impaired reproductive performance is the largest contributing factor for the removal of boars from commercial systems.Intrauterine growth restricted piglets represent 25%of the total number of piglets born and have impaired reproductive performance.This study aimed to improve the understanding of temporal changes in testicular gene expression during testes development in fetuses of different size.The lightest and closest to mean litter weight(CTMLW)male Large White×Landrace littermates were collected at gestational days(GD)45,60 and 90(n=5-6 litters/GD).Results:Testes weight and testes weight as a percentage of fetal weight were not associated with fetal size at GD60 or 90.Fetal plasma testosterone was not associated with fetal size at GD90.There was no association between fetal size and seminiferous tubule area and number,number of germ or Sertoli cells per tubule.The lightest fetuses tended to have wider seminiferous tubules compared to the CTMLW fetuses at GD90(P=0.077).The testicular expression of KI67(P≤0.01)and BAX:BCL2 ratio(P=0.058)mRNAs decreased as gestation progressed.Greater SPP1 mRNA expression was observed at GD60 when compared with GD45 and 90(P≤0.05).Lower expression of DMRT1 and SPP1(P<0.01)mRNAs was observed in testes associated with the lightest fetuses compared to the CTMLW fetuses at GD90.Conclusions:These findings provide novel insights into the expression profiles of genes associated with testicular development and function.Further,these data suggest that programming of reproductive potential in IUGR boars occurs late in gestation,providing a platform for further mechanistic investigation.

关键词： Fetal growth Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR) Porcine Pregnancy Testes

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Soil NOx Emission Prediction via Recurrent Neural Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 285-297页

作者： Zhaoan Wang Shaoping Xiao cheryl Reuben Qiyu Wang Jun Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa Technology InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Iowa Technology InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA

This paper presents designing sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural network(RNN)architectures for a novel study to predict soil NOx emissions,driven by the imperative of understanding and mitigating environmental impact.The study utilizes data collected by the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)to develop two distinct RNN predictive models:one built upon the long-short term memory(LSTM)and the other utilizing the gated recurrent unit(GRU).These models are fed with a combination of historical and anticipated air temperature,air moisture,and NOx emissions as inputs to forecast future NOx emissions.Both LSTM and GRU models can capture the intricate pulse patterns inherent in soil NOx emissions.Notably,the GRU model emerges as the superior performer,surpassing the LSTM model in predictive accuracy while demonstrating efficiency by necessitating less training time.Intriguingly,the investigation into varying input features reveals that relying solely on past NOx emissions as input yields satisfactory performance,highlighting the dominant influence of this factor.The study also delves into the impact of altering input series lengths and training data sizes,yielding insights into optimal configurations for enhanced model performance.Importantly,the findings promise to advance our grasp of soil NOx emission dynamics,with implications for environmental management strategies.Looking ahead,the anticipated availability of additional measurements is poised to bolster machine-learning model efficacy.Furthermore,the future study will explore physical-based RNNs,a promising avenue for deeper insights into soil NOx emission prediction.

关键词： Soil NOx emission long-short term memory gated recurrent unit sequence-to-sequence

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