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Mounded seismic units in the modern canyon system in the Shenhu area,northern South China Sea:Sediment deformation,depositional structures or the mixed system?

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第9期41卷 107-116页

作者： Xishuang Li chengyi zhang Baohua Liu Lejun Liu First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao266061China Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao266237China National Deep Sea Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao266237China

The canyon system,including 17 small slope-confined canyons in the Shenhu area,northern South China Sea,is significantly characterized by mounded or undulating features on the canyon flanks and canyon heads.However,the mechanism underlying the formation of these features has yet to be elucidated.In previous studies,most of them were interpreted as sediment deformation on the exploration seismic profiles.In this paper,we collected high-resolution bathymetric data,chirp profiles and geotechnical test data to investigate their detailed morphology,internal structures,and origin.The bathymetric data indicated that most mounded seismic units have smooth seafloors and are separated by grooves or depressions.The distance between two adjacent mounded units is only hundreds of meters.On chirp profiles,mounded seismic units usually exhibit chaotic reflections and wavy reflections,of which the crests migrate upslope.The slope stability analysis results revealed that the critical angle of the soil layers in the study area tends to be 9°,indicating that most mounded seismic units on the canyon flanks and heads are stable at present.The terrain characteristics and seismic configurations combined with the slope stability analysis results indicated that most mounded seismic units are not sediment deformation but depositional structures or mixed systems composed of deformation and depositional structures.

关键词： northern South China Sea submarine canyons mounded seismic units chirp profile slope stability

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Guided lithium nucleation and growth on lithiophilic tin-decorated copper substrate

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第11期31卷 412-419,I0011页

作者： Lang Ye chengyi zhang Yin Zhou BurakÜlgüt Yan Zhao Jiangfeng Qian Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina Faculty of Science Department of ChemistryBilkent UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey

Lithium metal is the ultimate anode choice for high energy rechargeable lithium batteries owing to its ultra-high theoretical capacity,however,Li dendrites and low Coulombic efficiency(CE)caused by disordered Li plating restrict its practical application.Herein,we develop an ultrathin Sn-decorated Cu substrate(Sn@Cu)fabricated by an electroless plating method to induce ordered Li nucleation and growth behavior.The lithiophilic Sn interfacial layer is found to play a critical role to lower the Li nucleation over-potential and promote fast Li-migration kinetics,and the underlying mechanism is revealed using the first principle calculations.Accordingly,a dense dendrite-free and Li deposition with large granular morphology is obtained,which significantly improved the CE and cycling performance of Li‖Sn@Cu half cells symmetric cells.Symmetric cells using the Li-Sn@Cu electrode display a much-prolonged life span(>1200 h)with low overpotential(~18 mV)at a high current density of 1 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,full cells paired with commercial LiFePO_(4) cathode(1.8 mAh cm^(-2))deliver enhanced cycling stability(0.5 C,300 cycles)and excellent rate performance.This work provides a simple and effective way to bring about high efficiency and long lifespan substrates for practical applications.

关键词： Lithium metal anode Lithiophilic tin modification Electroless tin plating Nucleation and growth Li migration kinetics First-principles calculations

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Dynamic reconstruction of Ni-Zn alloy solid-electrolyte interface for highly stable Zn anode

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Nano Research 2023年第9期16卷 11604-11611页

作者： Qian zhang Yuhang Dai Kangning Zhao chengyi zhang Ruihu Lu Jinghao Li Shuhan Jin Lei zhang Qinyou An Liqiang Mai State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Department of Physical Science and Technology School of ScienceWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hainan Institute Wuhan University of TechnologySanya 572000China

Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are ideal candidates for large-scale battery storage,with a high theoretical specific capacity,ecological friendliness,and extremely low cost but are strongly hindered by zinc dendrite growth.Herein,Ni-Zn alloy is artificially constructed as a solid-electrolyte interface(SEI)for Zn anodes by electrodeposition and annealing.The Ni-Zn alloy layer acts as a dynamic shield at the electrode/electrolyte interface.Interestingly,the zinc atoms migrate out of the electrode body during zinc stripping while merging into the electrode body during the plating.In this way,the Ni-Zn alloy is able to guide the zinc deposition in the horizontal direction,thereby suppressing the formation of dendrite.Benefiting from those,the Ni-Zn alloy symmetric cell shows a greatly improved cycle life and is able to operate stably for 1,900 h at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm^(−2).The present study is a strategy for negative electrode protection of AZIBs.

关键词： zinc ion batteries Zn anodes Ni-Zn alloy migration mechanism

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Establishing a theoretical insight for penta-coordinated ironnitrogen-carbon catalysts toward oxygen reaction

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Nano Research 2022年第7期15卷 6067-6075页

作者： Ruihu Lu Chenxi Quan chengyi zhang Qiu He Xiaobin Liao Zhaoyang Wang Yan Zhao State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China The Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Developing highly active iron-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)is pivotal to future energy technology.The penta-coordinated Fe-N-C with an augmented activity toward the oxygen reduction has been regarded as one of the promising candidates to replace platinum-based ORR catalysts.However,the lack of pertinent fundamental understanding hinders further optimizing the catalytic activity of such catalysts.Herein,through density functional theory(DFT)calculations,we systematically investigated the catalytic activity and ligand/metal coordination effects of 17 penta-coordinated FeN-C catalysts(labeled as FeNC-Xs,X denotes axial ligand).Our results not only show the theoretical overpotential of FeNC-Xs is lower than that of conventional tetra-coordinated Fe-N-C catalysts(labeled as FeNC),verifying the preeminent performance of FeNC-Xs,but also further indicate that the axial coordination effect of X ligands can decrease the orbital hybridization of Fe active center with ORR-relevant intermediates,sequentially accelerating the ORR.More importantly,we reveal that the catalytic activity of FeNC-Xs increases with a decreased electronegativity of X ligands,which can be utilized to describe the axial coordination effect for FeNC-Xs.These findings can deeply advance the understanding of penta-coordinated iron-nitrogencarbon catalysts,which provide timely guidelines for designing optimum Fe-N-C based catalysts.

关键词： iron-nitrogen-carbon catalysts axial ligands first-principles calculations oxygen reduction reactions orbital hybridization

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Amorphous Sb/C composite with isotropic expansion property as an ultra-stable and high-rate anode for lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2039-2052页

作者： Ze-Zhou Yang Cheng-Yi zhang Yu-Qing Ou Zhi-Kang Su Yan Zhao Heng-Jiang Cong Xin-Ping Ai Jiang-Feng Qian Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan University

Antimony （Sb） is an intriguing anode material for Li-ion batteries （LIBs） owing to its high theoretical capacity of 660 m Ah·g-1and appropriate working potential of～0.8 V （vs.Li+/Li）.However,just like all alloying materials,the Sb anode suffers from huge volume expansion （230%） during repeated insertion/extraction of Li+ions,resulting in structural deterioration and rapid capacity decay.In this work,a novel amorphous Sb/C composite with atomically dispersed Sb particles in carbon matrix is prepared via a straightforward high-energy ball milling approach.The intimate intermixing of amorphous Sb with C provides homogeneous element distribution and isotropic volume expansion during cycling,resulting in persistent structural stability.Meanwhile,the disordered structure of amorphous material shortens the diffusion distance of lithium ions/electrons,promoting fast reaction kinetics and rate capability.Benefiting from the aforementioned effects,the amorphous Sb/C exhibits a high reversible capacity of537.4 m Ah·g-1at 0.1 A·g-1and retains 201.0 m Ah·g-1at an ultrahigh current rate of 10.0 A·g-1.Even after 1500deep cycles at 2.0 A·g-1,the amorphous Sb/C electrode still maintains 86.3%of its initial capacity,which outperforms all existing Sb-based anodes reported so far.Postmortem analysis further reveals a greatly reduced volume variation of merely 34.6%for the amorphous Sb/C electrode,much lower than that of 223.1%for crystalline Sb materials.This study presents a new approach to stabilizing Sb-based alloy anodes and contributes to the construction of high-performance amorphous anode materials for LIBs,enabling advanced energy storage.

关键词： Amorphous Sb/C anode Homogeneous element distribution Isotropic volume expansion Ultra-long cycle stability High-rate capability Lithium-ion battery

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大语言模型在电催化领域中的应用

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第4期59卷 7-14页

作者：张成翼王兴宇王子运奥克兰大学化学院奥克兰新西兰

大语言模型作为现代科技的杰出代表,已经在社会的各个领域产生了深远影响.这些模型由数十亿个神经元相互连接构建而成,集成了人类至今为止的丰富知识,具备与全球各地人们进行流畅、精确对话的卓越能力.其类人智能特性不仅使其能够应对... 详细信息

大语言模型作为现代科技的杰出代表,已经在社会的各个领域产生了深远影响.这些模型由数十亿个神经元相互连接构建而成,集成了人类至今为止的丰富知识,具备与全球各地人们进行流畅、精确对话的卓越能力.其类人智能特性不仅使其能够应对现代社会的各种挑战,更在多个科学领域中展现出巨大的应用前景.然而,目前大语言模型广泛应用的潜力尚未被完全挖掘.本文旨在深入探讨现代大语言模型在电催化领域的潜在应用,以期阐明这些人工智能驱动的模型如何助力科研人员深化对催化学科的理解,并推动催化剂的智能设计.通过对大语言模型在电催化领域应用的系统研究,我们期望能够为未来的科研工作提供新的思路和方法.本文首先分析了传统的实验法和多尺度模拟方法在催化研究中的局限性,包括资源消耗大、实验周期长、研究进展缓慢以及受人类自身能力限制等问题.随后,着重探讨了大语言模型在电催化研究中的显著优势,如突破人类认知界限、理论上具备无限知识累积能力等.尽管大语言模型展现出巨大的潜力,但仍面临泛化能力与领域专业性之间的权衡、文本限制等挑战.为应对这些挑战,本文进一步介绍了多模态大语言模型的发展及其在电催化研究中的具体应用,包括与实验者的直接互动、基于实验反馈的持续优化、预训练模型的微调以及结合视觉编码器实现多模态数据融合等.最后,强调了多模态大语言模型在光谱分析、实验路径设计、过渡状态搜索、分子结构设计、催化剂优化和问题诊断等方面的巨大潜力.总之,多模态方法在催化领域具有广泛的应用前景,能够整合多种数据源,为催化剂设计、反应机理研究和反应条件优化提供强大的工具和技术支持.最后,本文展望了大语言模型在科学研究中的作用和未来发展趋势.大语言模型在知识积累和效率提升方面展现出了出色的能力,但在创造全新知识方面,或许还无法与科学先驱相提并论.展望未来,大语言模型应当与实验和模拟方法深度融合,以增强其预测能力和多模态学习能力.通过这样的结合,大语言模型将能够更全面地辅助科学研究者,进而推动科学研究更迅速地发展.这一发展趋势不仅有助于提升科学研究的效率和准确性,还将为科学领域带来更多的创新和突破.

关键词：大语言模型电催化人工智能多模态大语言模型

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基于改进YOLOv5s模型的风电叶片内腔缺陷检测

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科技导报 2024年第9期42卷 67-75页

作者：张成义郭贺上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司上海200240

针对风电叶片轻微裂纹难于检测的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s模型的检测方法:通过在主干网络部分使用空洞空间金字塔池化(ASPP)代替空间金字塔池化(SPP)以适应不同大小和比例的目标,将注意力机制模块(squeeze and excitation,SE)插入... 详细信息

针对风电叶片轻微裂纹难于检测的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s模型的检测方法:通过在主干网络部分使用空洞空间金字塔池化(ASPP)代替空间金字塔池化(SPP)以适应不同大小和比例的目标,将注意力机制模块(squeeze and excitation,SE)插入主干网络中以增加网络对微小缺陷的敏感度,使用结构化交并比损失(SIoU-Loss)代替完全交并比损失(CIoU-Loss),以进一步提高新网络的准确性和训练速度。针对以上检测方法采用自建数据集进行对比实验,实验结果表明,改进YOLOv5s模型的平均精度均值(mAP)为94.29%,与YOLOv5s模型相比提升了7.03个百分点,检测精度与其他的主流模型对比依然具有优势,检测速度为42.78 f/s。该方法在风电叶片内腔缺陷检测方面具有较好的使用性能和效果。

关键词： YOLOv5s模型风电叶片缺陷检测

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Road map for, and technical challenges of, carbon-nanotube integrated circuit technology

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 14-16页

作者： Jia Si Panpan zhang Zhiyong zhang Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics School of Electronics Peking University State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of research on carbon-nanotube(CNT) electronics due to their outstanding properties, including an ultrathin body, a high carrier mobility and a high saturation velocity.

关键词： TRANSISTORS

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New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 24-41页

作者： Qingzhu zhang Yongkui zhang Yanna Luo Huaxiang Yin Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS) State key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over recent decades, advancements in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits(ICs)have mainly relied on structural innovations in transistors. From planar transistors to the fin field-effect transistor(FinFET) and gate-all-around FET(GAAFET), more gate electrodes have been added to three-dimensional(3D) channels with enhanced control and carrier conductance to provide higher electrostatic integrity and higher operating currents within the same device footprint. Beyond the 1-nm node, Moore's law scaling is no longer expected to be applicable to geometrical shrinkage. Vertical transistor stacking, e.g. in complementary FETs(CFET), 3D stack(3DS) FETs and vertical-channel transistors(VFET), for enhanced density and variable circuit or system design represents a revolutionary scaling approach for sustained IC development. Herein, innovative works on specific structures, key process breakthroughs, shrinking cell sizes and design methodologies for transistor structure research and development are reviewed. Perspectives on future innovations in advanced transistors with new channel materials and operating theories are also discussed.

关键词： transistor CMOS GAAFET CFET 3DS FET

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Advances in methane emissions from agricultural sources:Part I.Accounting and mitigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 279-291页

作者： Xiaokun Wu Ying zhang Yinghui Han Yagang zhang Yuhang zhang Xiaodan Cheng Pei Zhong Xue Yuan Yuanxun zhang Zhengqiang Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208United States Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China

Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases(GHGs)and agriculture is recognized as its primary emitter.Methane accounting is a prerequisite for developing effective agriculture mitigation strategies.In this review,methane accounting methods and research status for various agricultural emission source including rice fields,animal enteric fermentation and livestock and poultry manure management were overview,and the influencing factors of each emission source were analyzed and discussed.At the same time,it analyzes the different research efforts involving agricultural methane accounting and makes recommendations based on the actual situation.Finally,mitigation strategies based on accounting results and actual situation are proposed.This review aims to provide basic data and reference for agriculture-oriented countries and regions to actively participate in climate action and carry out effective methane emission mitigation.

关键词： Methane emission Agricultural sources Accounting methodology Mitigation Emission influencing factors

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