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Mechanism of internal thermal runaway propagation in blade batteries

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 184-194,I0005页

作者： xuning Feng Fangshu Zhang Wensheng Huang Yong Peng chengshan xu Minggao Ouyang School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Blade batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles,but unavoidable thermal runaway is an inherent threat to their safe use.This study experimentally investigated the mechanism underlying thermal runaway propagation within a blade battery by using a nail to trigger thermal runaway and thermocouples to track its propagation inside a cell.The results showed that the internal thermal runaway could propagate for up to 272 s,which is comparable to that of a traditional battery module.The velocity of the thermal runaway propagation fluctuated between 1 and 8 mm s^(-1),depending on both the electrolyte content and high-temperature gas diffusion.In the early stages of thermal runaway,the electrolyte participated in the reaction,which intensified the thermal runaway and accelerated its propagation.As the battery temperature increased,the electrolyte evaporated,which attenuated the acceleration effect.Gas diffusion affected thermal runaway propagation through both heat transfer and mass transfer.The experimental results indicated that gas diffusion accelerated the velocity of thermal runaway propagation by 36.84%.We used a 1D mathematical model and confirmed that convective heat transfer induced by gas diffusion increased the velocity of thermal runaway propagation by 5.46%-17.06%.Finally,the temperature rate curve was analyzed,and a three-stage mechanism for internal thermal runaway propagation was proposed.In Stage I,convective heat transfer from electrolyte evaporation locally increased the temperature to 100℃.In Stage II,solid heat transfer locally increases the temperature to trigger thermal runaway.In StageⅢ,thermal runaway sharply increases the local temperature.The proposed mechanism sheds light on the internal thermal runaway propagation of blade batteries and offers valuable insights into safety considerations for future design.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Blade battery Thermal runaway Internal thermal runaway propagation

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Thermal safety boundary of lithium-ion battery at different state of charge

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 59-72页

作者： Hang Wu Siqi Chen Yan Hong chengshan xu Yuejiu Zheng Changyong Jin Kaixin Chen Yafei He xuning Feng xuezhe Wei Haifeng Dai Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China College of Mechanical Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Thermal runaway(TR)is a critical issue hindering the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Understanding the thermal safety behavior of LIBs at the cell and module level under different state of charges(SOCs)has significant implications for reinforcing the thermal safety design of the lithium-ion battery module.This study first investigates the thermal safety boundary(TSB)correspondence at the cells and modules level under the guidance of a newly proposed concept,safe electric quantity boundary(SEQB).A reasonable thermal runaway propagation(TRP)judgment indicator,peak heat transfer power(PHTP),is proposed to predict whether TRP occurs.Moreover,a validated 3D model is used to quantitatively clarify the TSB at different SOCs from the perspective of PHTP,TR trigger temperature,SOC,and the full cycle life.Besides,three different TRP transfer modes are discovered.The interconversion relationship of three different TRP modes is investigated from the perspective of PHTP.This paper explores the TSB of LIBs under different SOCs at both cell and module levels for the first time,which has great significance in guiding the thermal safety design of battery systems.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Battery safety Thermal runaway State of charge Numerical analysis

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Thermal runaway propagation behavior of the Cell-to-Pack battery system

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第9期84卷 162-172页

作者： Huaibin Wang Qinzheng Wang Zhenyang Zhao Changyong Jin chengshan xu Wensheng Huang Zhuchen Yuan Shuyu Wang Yang Li Yanhong Zhao Junli Sun xuning Feng China People’s Police University LangFang 065000HebeiChina State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100084China Beijing Electric Vehicle Co.Ltd Beijing 100176China College of Mechanical Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Structurally compact battery packs significantly improve the driving range of electric vehicles.Technologies like Cell-to-Pack increase energy density by 15%-20%.However,the safety implications of multiple tightly-packed battery cells still require in-depth research.This paper studies thermal runaway propagation behavior in a Cell-to-Pack system and assesses propagation speed relative to other systems.The investigation includes temperature response,extent of battery damage,pack structure deformation,chemical analysis of debris,and other considerations.Results suggest three typical patterns for the thermal runaway propagation process:ordered,disordered,and synchronous.The synchronous propagation pattern displayed the most severe damage,indicating energy release is the largest under the synchronous pattern.This study identifies battery deformation patterns,chemical characteristics of debris,and other observed factors that can both be applied to identify the cause of thermal runaway during accident investigations and help promote safer designs of large battery packs used in large-scale electric energy storage systems.

关键词： Energy storage Cell-to-Pack Lithium-ion battery Thermal runaway Battery safety

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锂离子电池热失控内部压力测试方法研究

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消防科学与技术 2024年第5期43卷 750-755页

作者：刘恩宏黄文盛徐成善冯旭宁中国农业大学工学院北京100083 清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室北京100084

锂离子电池作为新能源汽车等战略性产业的核心部件,安全性受到广泛关注。电池安全事故通常始于电池热失控,即电池内部出现剧烈的链式放热连锁反应,产生并释放大量可燃气体。本文提出了一种锂离子电池热失控内部压力测试方法并开展了电... 详细信息

锂离子电池作为新能源汽车等战略性产业的核心部件,安全性受到广泛关注。电池安全事故通常始于电池热失控,即电池内部出现剧烈的链式放热连锁反应,产生并释放大量可燃气体。本文提出了一种锂离子电池热失控内部压力测试方法并开展了电池热失控试验,通过测量电池热失控时的内部压力分析热失控过程。结果发现,产气会造成内部压力迅速变化,释放的1 000℃、0.25~0.50 MPa高温高压气体对传热散热过程有显著影响。同时,因产气造成的电池内部压力变化早于内短路造成的开路电压变化和电池产热造成的温度变化。该方法对全面研究热失控机理,提升热失控预警、排气阀设计等电池安全技术性能具有重要意义。

关键词：锂离子电池电池安全热失控热蔓延内压测试

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野生核桃仁营养成分及其油脂脂肪酸组成、热特性分析

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中国油脂 2024年第2期49卷 137-141页

作者：韦承珊毕佳俊李云仙刘祥义徐娟西南林业大学西南地区林业生物质资源高效利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室昆明650224 西南林业大学材料与化学工程学院昆明650224

为促进野生核桃的综合开发利用,以云南省临沧市野生核桃为原料,测定了核桃仁粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量,核桃仁粕氨基酸组成、矿质元素含量,以及核桃油的生育酚含量、总脂肪酸及sn-2位脂肪酸组成,并分析了其热特性。结果表明:野生核桃仁中粗... 详细信息

为促进野生核桃的综合开发利用,以云南省临沧市野生核桃为原料,测定了核桃仁粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量,核桃仁粕氨基酸组成、矿质元素含量,以及核桃油的生育酚含量、总脂肪酸及sn-2位脂肪酸组成,并分析了其热特性。结果表明:野生核桃仁中粗脂肪含量为44.04%,粗蛋白质含量为21.63%;核桃仁粕中7种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的31.47%,9种药用氨基酸占氨基酸总量的70.97%;核桃仁粕中含有丰富的矿质元素,属于高钾低钠食品,微量元素中Mn元素含量最高,为144.8μg/g,重金属元素未检出;野生核桃油主要由7种脂肪酸组成,其中sn-2位多不饱和脂肪酸含量(70.01%)高于总脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸含量(61.48%);核桃油中γ-生育酚含量最高,为510.10 mg/kg;核桃油低温结晶主要在-30℃和-13℃熔融,其快速热解温度为317~470℃,在416℃质量损失速率绝对值达到最大。野生核桃仁营养价值较高,具有广泛的开发利用价值。

关键词：野生核桃营养成分 sn-2位脂肪酸氨基酸矿质元素热特性

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内源性因素对抗体夹心免疫法检测血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的干扰及解决方案研究进展

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现代检验医学杂志 2024年第1期39卷 186-191页

作者：何成山刘洋徐正蒋秀娣陆志成上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院医学检验科上海200137 上海中医药大学上海201203

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cardiac troponinⅠ,cTnⅠ)是临床上诊断心肌损伤的首选血清学标志物。cTnⅠ检测基于抗体夹心免疫法,不同检测试剂中检测和捕获抗体所针对的cTnⅠ抗原表位不一致,易造成cTnⅠ检测结果的异质性。内源性干扰因素如cTnⅠ自... 详细信息

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cardiac troponinⅠ,cTnⅠ)是临床上诊断心肌损伤的首选血清学标志物。cTnⅠ检测基于抗体夹心免疫法,不同检测试剂中检测和捕获抗体所针对的cTnⅠ抗原表位不一致,易造成cTnⅠ检测结果的异质性。内源性干扰因素如cTnⅠ自身抗体、异嗜性抗体、类风湿因子等可严重的干扰cTnⅠ检测结果,影响临床上对心肌损伤类疾病的诊断、治疗及预后判断。该文就cTnⅠ的抗体夹心免疫检测和内源性因素对cTnⅠ检测的干扰及解决方案等方面研究进展作一综述,为临床上鉴别诊断cTnⅠ异常检测结果提供理论依据。

关键词：心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ 抗体夹心免疫干扰内源性因素

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Multi-stage expansion planning of energy storage integrated soft open points considering tie-line reconstruction

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 670-684页

作者： Peng Li Jie Ji Sirui Chen Haoran Ji Jing xu Guanyu Song Jinli Zhao Jianzhong Wu chengshan Wang Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Grid Kunshan Power Supply Company Kunshan 215300China State Grid Tianjin Economic and Technological Research Institute Tianjin 300171China Institute of Energy School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAUK.

With the rapid development of flexible interconnection technology in active distribution networks(ADNs),many power electronic devices have been employed to improve system operational performance.As a novel fully-con-trolled power electronic device,energy storage integrated soft open point(ESOP)is gradually replacing traditional switches.This can significantly enhance the controllability of ADNs.To facilitate the utilization of ESOP,device loca-tions and capacities should be configured optimally.Thus,this paper proposes a multi-stage expansion planning method of ESOP with the consideration of tie-line reconstruction.First,based on multi-terminal modular design characteristics,the ESOP planning model is established.A multi-stage planning framework of ESOP is then presented,in which the evolutionary relationship among different planning schemes is analyzed.Based on this framework,a multi-stage planning method of ESOP with consideration of tie-line reconstruction is subsequently proposed.Finally,case studies are conducted on a modified practical distribution network,and the cost-benefit analysis of device and multiple impact factors are given to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Active distribution network(ADN) Energy storage integrated soft open points(ESOP) Multi-stage expansion planning Tie-line reconstruction

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SARS-CoV-2感染后成人急性分泌性中耳炎细胞因子水平分析

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山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报 2024年第2期38卷 1-6+51页

作者：樊永将黄卫何成山沈海涛徐正郝亚楠上海中医药大学上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院耳鼻咽喉科上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院医学检验科

目的探讨中耳积液及血清细胞因子在新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引起成人急性分泌性中耳炎发病中的作用。方法收集SARS-CoV-2感染后发生急性分泌性中耳炎的成人患者45例，所有患者4周... 详细信息

目的探讨中耳积液及血清细胞因子在新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引起成人急性分泌性中耳炎发病中的作用。方法收集SARS-CoV-2感染后发生急性分泌性中耳炎的成人患者45例，所有患者4周内均有SARS-CoV-2感染史；采集患者血液标本行细胞因子检测；患耳鼓膜穿刺采集中耳积液标本行上述细胞因子及SARS-CoV-2核酸检测。比较患者血清及中耳积液细胞因子水平变化。结果患者中耳积液细胞因子IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平与血清细胞因子水平相比明显升高(P0.05);中耳积液SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性者(包括疑似阳性者)与阴性者中耳积液的IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。混合性聋患者较传导性聋患者中耳积液细胞因子IL-6、IL-8水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 SARS-CoV-2感染人体后可通过咽鼓管感染中耳并诱使中耳局部免疫细胞产生大量细胞因子，IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10是SARS-CoV-2引起分泌性中耳炎形成的主要细胞因子，其中IL-6、IL-8是患者中耳感音神经功能损害的主要细胞因子。

关键词：成人急性分泌性中耳炎新型冠状病毒细胞因子

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Knowledge System,Ontology,and Knowledge Graph of the Deep-Time Digital Earth(DDE): Progress and Perspective

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地球科学学刊:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1323-1327页

作者： Xiumian Hu Yiwei xu Xiaogang Ma Yunqiang Zhu Chao Ma Chao Li Hairong Lü Xinbing Wang Chenghu Zhou chengshan Wang School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Department of Computer Science University of IdahoMoscow ID 83844USA Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation&Institute of Sedimentary Geology&College of Computer Science and Cyber Security Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China IUGS Deep-Time Digital Earth Research Center of Excellence Suzhou 215101China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

THE USE OF KNOWLEDGE GRAPH IN NATURAL SCIENCE Knowledge graph is a field of Artificial Intelligence(AI)that aims to represent knowledge in the form of graphs,consisting of nodes and edges which represent entities and relationships between nodes respectively(Aidan et al.,2022).Although the knowledge graph was popularized recently due to use of this idea in Google’s search engine in 2012(Amit,2012),its root can be traced back to the emergence of the Semantic Web as well as earlier works in ontology(Aggarwal,2021).

关键词： DDE Google Web Semantic

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Spray,atomization and combustion characteristics of oxygenated fuels in a constant volume bomb:A review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第3期7卷 282-297页

作者： Peng Zhang Xin Su chengshan Yi Hao Chen Hongming xu Limin Geng School of Automobile Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Qinghai Nationalities UniversityXining 810007China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BirminghamEdgbaston B152TTUK

Biofuels have extensive available resources and have an immense potential as promising alternative fuels for automobile.The application advantages of biofuels are mainly reflected as particulate matter(PM)reduction,carbon neutral,greenhouse gases reduction,waste utilization,energy and economic security,and fuel pluralism.Based on the understanding of molecular structure effects of biofuels on soot formation and particles morphology,the effects of alcohols,ethers,esters and biodiesel on spray and combustion process in constant volume bomb in recent years are retrospectively analyzed in this paper.For the mixture,macromolecular ester fuels and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether(PODE)are conducive to the improvement of liquid spray,while biodiesel,small molecules,dimethyl ether(DME)and alcohols are reversed.Alcohols are advantageous to the extension of mixing time and the increasing of vapor-phase mixture.Through the influence integrated assessment,alcohols show the best performance on the spray,atomization and combustion,while biodiesels show the worst.But in terms of combustion,PODE is the best choice without considering spray and atomization.For binary alternative-diesel fuel blends,methanol or butanol is the best additive based on synthetically considerations on spray,atomization and combustion.To meet the requirements of the fuel application of diesel engine,ternary fuel or even quaternary fuel have been proposed and explored.This review can help to form a systematic understanding on fuel recombining and obtain the guide of clean and efficient fuel formulation for diesel engine.

关键词： Oxygenated biofuel Spray Atomization Combustion Constant volume bomb

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