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Unraveling the complexity of polycystic ovary syndrome with animal models

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第2期51卷 144-158页

作者： Huanju Liu Mixue Tu Zhiyong yin Dan Zhang Jun Ma Feng He Center for Genetic Medicine The Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China Clinical Research Center on Birth Defect Prevention and Intervention of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiang 310006China Institute of Genetics Zhejiang University International School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorder HangzhouZhejiang 310058China

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly familial and heritable endocrine disorder. Over half of the daughters born to women with PCOS may eventually develop their own PCOS-related symptoms. Progress in the treatment of PCOS is currently hindered by the complexity of its clinical manifestations and incomplete knowledge of its etiopathogenesis. Various animal models, including experimentally induced, naturally occurring, and spontaneously arising ones, have been established to emulate a wide range of phenotypical and pathological traits of human PCOS. These studies have led to a paradigm shift in understanding the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary origins of this disorder. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that animal models are useful in evaluating state-of-the-art drugs and treatments for PCOS. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies of PCOS in animal models, highlighting the power of these disease models in understanding the biology of PCOS and aiding high-throughput approaches.

关键词： Polycystic ovary syndrome Animal model Genetc manipulation Developmnental progtanning Drug screening

A"messenger zone hypothesis"based on the visual three-dimensional spatial distribution of motoneurons innervating deep limb muscles

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1559-1567页

作者： Chen Huang Shen Wang Jin Deng Xinyi Gu Shuhang Guo Xiaofeng yin MoE Key Laboratory for Trauma Treatment and Nerve Regeneration Peking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Peking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina

Coordinated contraction of skeletal muscles relies on selective connections between the muscles and multiple classes of the spinal motoneuro ns.Howeve r,current research on the spatial location of the spinal motoneurons innervating differe nt muscles is limited.In this study,we investigated the spatial distribution and relative position of different motoneurons that control the deep muscles of the mouse hindlimbs,which were innervated by the obturator nerve,femoral nerve,inferior gluteal nerve,deep pe roneal nerve,and tibial nerve.Locations were visualized by combining a multiplex retrograde tracking technique compatible with three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared o rgans(3DISCO)and 3-D imaging technology based on lightsheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM).Additionally,we propose the hypothesis that"messenger zones"exist as interlaced areas between the motoneuron pools that dominate the synergistic or antagonist muscle groups.We hypothesize that these interlaced neurons may participate in muscle coordination as messenger neurons.Analysis revealed the precise mutual positional relationships among the many motoneurons that innervate different deep muscles of the mouse.Not only do these findings update and supplement our knowledge regarding the overall spatial layout of spinal motoneurons that control mouse limb muscles,but they also provide insights into the mechanisms through which muscle activity is coordinated and the architecture of motor circuits.

关键词： 3-D imaging motoneurons multiple retrograde tracing muscle coordination skeletal muscle spatial distribution optical tissue clearing

Distribution and bioavailability of mercury in size-fractioned atmospheric particles around an ultra-low emission power plant in Southwest China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 141-152页

作者： Wei Zhang Jinjuan Li Hao Qiu Xingqiang Guo Zhijun Fei Yi Xing Deliang yin College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyang 550003China Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment(Guizhou University) Ministry of EducationGuiyang 550025China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science&Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Ultra-low emission(ULE)technology retrofits significantly impact the particulate-bound mercury(Hg)emissions from coal-fired power plants(CFPPs);however,the distribution and bioavailability of Hg in size-fractioned particulate matter(PM)around the ULE-retrofitted CF-PPs are less understood.Here,total Hg and its chemical speciation in TSP(total suspended particles),PM_(10)(aerodynamic particle diameter≤10μm)and PM_(2.5)(aerodynamic particle diameter≤2.5μm)around a ULE-retrofitted CFPP in Guizhou Province were quantified.Atmospheric PM_(2.5)concentration was higher around this ULE-retrofitted CFPP than that in the intra-regional urban cities,and it had higher mass Hg concentration than other sizefractioned PM.Total Hg concentrations in PM had multifarious sources including CFPP,vehicle exhaust and biomass combustion,while they were significantly higher in autumn and winter than those in other seasons(P40%).Mass concentrations of exchangeable,HCl-soluble,elemental,and residual Hg in PM_(2.5)were higher than those in other size-fractioned PM,and were markedly elevated in autumn and winter(P<0.05).In PM_(2.5),HCl-soluble Hg presented a significantly positive relationship with elemental Hg(P<0.05),while residual Hg showed the significantly positive relationships with HCl-soluble Hg and elemental Hg(P<0.01).Overall,these results suggested that atmospheric PM-bound Hg around the ULE-retrofitted CFPP tends to accumulate in finer PM,and has higher bioavailable fractions,while has potential transformation between chemical speciation.

关键词： Size-fractioned particles Mercury Chemical speciation Coal-fired power plant Ultra-low emission

Precisely Control Relationship between Sulfur Vacancy and H Absorption for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 14-24页

作者： Jing Jin Xinyao Wang Yang Hu Zhuang Zhang Hongbo Liu Jie yin Pinxian Xi College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare IsotopesState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China

Ef fective and robust catalyst is the core of water splitting to produce hydrogen.Here, we report an anionic etching method to tailor the sulfur vacancy(VS) of NiS_(2) to further enhance the electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). With the VS concentration change from 2.4% to 8.5%, the H* adsorption strength on S sites changed and NiS_(2)-VS 5.9% shows the most optimized H* adsorption for HER with an ultralow onset potential(68 m V) and has long-term stability for 100 h in 1 M KOH media. In situ attenuated-total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIRS) measurements are usually used to monitor the adsorption of intermediates. The S-H* peak of the Ni S_(2)-VS 5.9% appears at a very low voltage, which is favorable for the HER in alkaline media. Density functional theory calculations also demonstrate the Ni S_(2)-VS 5.9% has the optimal |ΔG^(H*)| of 0.17 e V. This work offers a simple and promising pathway to enhance catalytic activity via precise vacancies strategy.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction S vacancies Nanosheet H Adsorption

Effect of biochar application on rice,wheat,and corn seedlings in hydroponic culture

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 379-390页

作者： yingjie yin Jikai Li Sihang Zhu Qing Chen Chong Chen Yukui Rui Jianying Shang College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of Educationand Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China Agricultural Management Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 102208China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationBeijing 100193China

In recent years,biochar has attracted considerable attention for soil quality improvement and carbon sequestration due to its unique physicochemical properties.However,the mechanism by which biochar application negatively affects the growth of crop seedlings has not been fully investigated.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of rice,wheat,and corn seedlings to biochar application(CK,0 g/L;BC1,0.5 g/L;and BC2,1.0 g/L).Compared with the CK treatment,the BC1 and BC2 treatments decreased the fresh shoot and root weights of rice and corn seedlings(P0.05).For the contents of nutrient elements in seedlings,both BC1 and BC2 treatments hindered the roots from absorbing Fe and Cu and increased the uptake of Ca and Mn.Compared with the CK treatment,the translocation factor(TF)values of Ca,Mn,and Zn were significantly decreased especially in rice seedlings(35.3%-36.8%,68.7%-76.5%,and 29.8%-22.0%,respectively)under the BC1 and BC2 treatments,while only Mn was significantly decreased in wheat and corn seedlings(P<0.05).Transmission electron microscope(TEM)analysis of root cross-sections showed that nano-sized biochar particles(10~23 nm)were found in the root cells under BC2 treatment conditions.Our findings reveal that a large amount of biochar application can reduce nutrient absorption and translocation,and hinder rice,wheat,and corn seedlings,particularly rice seedling,in hydroponic system.

关键词： Biochar Toxicity Seedling growth Hydroponic cultivation

Engineering Fronts 2023 announced engineering fronts in fields of Energy and Electrical Science and Technology

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 4-7页

作者： Ruiqin LIU Liang yin Lingxiao FU Editorial Office of Frontiers in Energy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

1 Introduction An engineering front refers to important directions that have a significant impact on and lead the future innovation of engineering science and technology.It is characterized by its forward looking,leading,and exploratory nature.Since 2017,the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)has annually organized a project known as“Global Engineering Fronts,”identifying and releasing engineering research fronts and engineering development fronts,tracking the trends in engineering science and technology,and actively guiding the academic development and promoting innovation in engineering science and technology.

关键词： technology. annually looking

Targeting RAF dimers in RAS mutant tumors:From biology to clinic

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 1895-1923页

作者： Huanhuan yin Qiulin Tang Hongwei Xia Feng Bi Division of Abdominal Cancer Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in OncologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

RAS mutations occur in approximately 30%of tumors worldwide and have a poor prognosis due to limited therapies.Covalent targeting of KRAS G12C has achieved significant success in recent years,but there is still a lack of efficient therapeutic approaches for tumors with non-G12C KRAS mutations.A highly promising approach is to target the MAPK pathway downstream of RAS,with a particular focus on RAF kinases.First-generation RAF inhibitors have been authorized to treat BRAF mutant tumors for over a decade.However,their use in RAS-mutated tumors is not recommended due to the paradoxical ERK activation mainly caused by RAF dimerization.To address the issue of RAF dimerization,type II RAF inhibitors have emerged as leading candidates.Recent clinical studies have shown the initial effectiveness of these agents against RAS mutant tumors.Promisingly,type II RAF inhibitors in combination with MEK or ERK inhibitors have demonstrated impressive efficacy in RAS mutant tumors.This review aims to clarify the importance of RAF dimerization in cellular signaling and resistance to treatment in tumors with RAS mutations,as well as recent progress in therapeutic approaches to address the problem of RAF dimerization in RAS mutant tumors.

关键词： RAS mutations RAF dimerization RAF inhibitors Cancer therapy Drug resistance

A Joint Entity Relation Extraction Model Based on Relation Semantic Template Automatically Constructed

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 975-997页

作者： Wei Liu Meijuan yin Jialong Zhang Lunchong Cui Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness of Henan Province Zhengzhou450001China

The joint entity relation extraction model which integrates the semantic information of relation is favored by relevant researchers because of its effectiveness in solving the overlapping of entities,and the method of defining the semantic template of relation manually is particularly prominent in the extraction effect because it can obtain the deep semantic information of relation.However,this method has some problems,such as relying on expert experience and poor portability.Inspired by the rule-based entity relation extraction method,this paper proposes a joint entity relation extraction model based on a relation semantic template automatically constructed,which is abbreviated as RSTAC.This model refines the extraction rules of relation semantic templates from relation corpus through dependency parsing and realizes the automatic construction of relation semantic templates.Based on the relation semantic template,the process of relation classification and triplet extraction is constrained,and finally,the entity relation triplet is obtained.The experimental results on the three major Chinese datasets of DuIE,SanWen,and FinRE showthat the RSTAC model successfully obtains rich deep semantics of relation,improves the extraction effect of entity relation triples,and the F1 scores are increased by an average of 0.96% compared with classical joint extraction models such as CasRel,TPLinker,and RFBFN.

关键词： Natural language processing deep learning information extraction relation extraction relation semantic template

Hem-o-lok clip migration to duodenal bulb post-cholecystectomy:A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1461-1466页

作者： Hong-Yan Liu Ai-Hong yin Zhi Wei Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Second Provincial General HospitalJinan 250022Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Hem-o-lok clips are typically used to control the cystic duct and vessels during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)and common bile duct exploration for stones in the bile duct and gallbladder.Here,we report a unique example of Hem-o-lok clip movement towards the duodenal bulb after LC,appearing as a submucosal tumor(SMT).Additionally,we provide initial evidence of gradual and evolving endoscopic manifestations of Hem-o-lok clip migration to the duodenal bulb wall and review the available literature.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old man underwent LC for gallstones,and Hem-o-lok clips were used to ligate both the cystic duct and cystic artery.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)2 years later revealed an SMT-like lesion in the duodenal bulb.Due to the symptomatology,the clinical examination did not reveal any major abnormalities,and the patient was followed up as an outpatient.A repeat EGD performed 5 months later revealed an SMT-like lesion in the duodenal bulb with raised edges and a central depression.A third EGD was conducted,during which a Hem-o-lok clip was discovered connected to the front side of the duodenum.The clip was extracted easily using biopsy forceps,and no complications occurred.Two months after the fourth EGD,the scar was surrounded by normal mucosa.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of potential post-LC complications.Hem-o-lok clips should be removed if symptomatic.

关键词： Hem-o-lok clip Migration Duodenum Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration Case report