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Biochar alleviates apple replant disease by reducing the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and regulating microbial communities

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 657-671页

作者： yinghao Liu Can Wang Ran Chen Weitao Jiang Yun Li Chengmiao Yin Yanfang Wang Zhiquan Mao College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong 271018China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong 271018China

Apple replant disease(ARD)negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards.In this study,biochar was applied to apple replant soil with Fusarium oxysporum.Our aim was to investigate whether biochar could promote plant growth and alleviate apple replant disease by reducing the growth of harmful soil microorganisms,changing soil microbial community structure and improving the soil environment.This experiment included five treatments:apple replant soil(CK),methyl bromide fumigation apple replant soil(FM),replant soil with biochar addition(2%),replant soil with F.oxysporum spore solution(8×10^(7)spores·mL^(-1)),and replant soil with biochar and F.oxysporum spore solution addition.Seedling biomass,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots,and soil environmental variables were measured.Microbial community composition and community structure were analyzed using 16SrDNA and ITS2 gene sequencing.Biochar significantly reduced the abundance of F.oxysporum and increased soil microbial diversity and richness.Biochar also increased the soil enzyme activities(urease,invertase,neutral phosphatase,and catalase),the biomass(plant height,fresh weight,dry weight)and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase).The root indexes of apple seedlings was also increased in replant soil by biochar.In sum,biochar promoted the growth of plants,improved the replant soil environment,and alleviated apple replant disease.

关键词： Biochar Fusarium oxysporum Apple replant disease Soil environment

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The effects of crop rotation combinations on the soil quality of old apple orchard

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第1期8卷 1-10页

作者： Haiyan Wang Yuefan Sheng Weitao Jiang Fengbing Pan Mei Wang Xuesen Chen Xiang Shen Chengmiao Yin Zhiquan Mao College of Horticultural Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandong 271018China

This study investigated the effects of six crop rotation combinations on the soil quality of old apple orchard and seedling growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd.(apple rootstock) under pot conditions. The inhibitory effects of crops such as Allium fistulosum, Brassica juncea, and Triticum aestivum on four species of Fusarium were observed and compared in six treatments. These were continuous cropping(CK), fumigation with the methyl bromide(FM), rotating A. fistulosum only(R1), rotating A. fistulosum and T. aestivum(R2), rotating A. fistulosum, B. juncea, and T. aestivum(R3), and fallow(FC) in a year. The results showed that the biomass of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings increased significantly. The root length increased and the root architecture was optimized. The respiration rate of the root system was increased by about 1 time after rotation. The treatments of R1, R2, R3, and FC increased bacterial count by 232.17%, 96.04%, 316.21%, and 60.02%, respectively. However, the fungi were reduced in varying degrees and bacteria/fungi ratio was increased by 5–10 times. The enzyme activities, p H, and organic matter were increased, but soil bulk density was decreased. Phenolic acids such as phloridzin was decreased significantly. The copy number of four Fusarium species declined by 85.59%, 74.94%, 69.68%, and 54.41% after rotating three different crops(R3 treatment). The root volatiles of three plants inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of four Fusarium species.

关键词： Apple replant disease Rotation Malus hupehensis Rehd Seedlings Soil quality Microorganism

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Isolation of phloridzin-degrading,IAA-producing bacterium Ochrobactrum haematophilum and its effects on the apple replant soil environment

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第2期9卷 199-208页

作者： Weitao Jiang Ran Chen Lei Zhao Yanan Duan Haiyan Wang Zhubing Yan Xiang Shen Xuesen Chen Chengmiao Yin Zhiquan Mao State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandongChina

We isolated and identified a bacterium that could produce IAA and degrade phloridzin in the rhizosphere soil of healthy replanted apple(the rootstock is M9T337 and the scion is Yanfu 3),providing a theoretical basis for reducing the obstacles associated with apple replant disease(ARD).Isolates were screened using Salkowski colorimetry and screening medium for phloridzin.The isolate of interest(W6)was identified as Ochrobactrum haematophilum based on morphological analysis,physiological and biochemical tests,and 16S rDNA sequencing.In a laboratory experiment,W6 produced auxin and promoted the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana roots,and its degradation rate of 100 mg.L^(-1 )phloridzin was 62.0%.In a pot experiment,W6 significantly reduced the phenolic acid contents of replanted soil,lowered the abundance of the harmful fungus Fusarium solani,and increased soil enzyme activities,thereby improving the micro-ecological environment of replant soil.W6 increased the root antioxidant enzyme activity and leaf photosynthetic pigment content of replanted Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings,effectively alleviating the decrease in net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance caused by ARD.In a field experiment,W6 also promoted the growth of replanted apple(the rootstock is M9T337 and the scion is Yanfu 3)saplings.Therefore,W6 can promote apple growth and degrade phenolic acids,and it can be used as an effective treatment for the reduction of ARD.

关键词： Malus hupehensis Rehd. Apple Apple replant disease Ochrobactrum haematophilum Phloridzin Rhizosphere soil

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Effects of Soil Texture on the Growth of Young Apple Trees and Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Replanted Conditions

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2020年第3期6卷 123-131页

作者： Yuefan Sheng Haiyan Wang MeiWang Hanhao Li Li Xiang Fengbing Pan Xuesen Chen Xiang Shen Chengmiao Yin Zhiquan Mao College of Horticultural Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandong 271018China College of Resources and Environment Shandong Agricultural UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer ResourcesTai’anShandong 271018China

A two-year field experiment was carried out in order to study the occurrence degree and mechanism of apple replant disease(ARD)in the apple orchards with different soil textures.So we can adopt appropriate controlmeasures according to the severity of ARD.Healthy two-year-old seedlings with consistent growth were selected,of which the root stock was T337 and the scion was Yanfu 3.There were significant differences in biomass between methyl bromide fumigation and replanted treatments,and the difference was the largest in clay loam,followed by sandy loam,and loam,which verified ARD in clay loam was most serious,followed by sandy loam and loam.Based on high-throughput sequencing of fungi in soil samples,fungal richness and diversity were the highest in clay loam,followed by sandy loam,and loam.The relative abundance of Fusarium in SX,SL,FX,FL,WX and WL was 7.33%,19.32%,2.70%,4.24%,10.71%and 23.87%,respectively.Based on Real-time quantitative analysis,there were significant differences in the number of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani between methyl bromide fumigation and replanted treatments,i.e.,clay loam>sandy loam>loam.Fusarium was the main pathogen causing ARD.This shows that ARD is the most serious under replanted clay loam condition.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to prove the difference in Fusarium was one of the important reasons for ARD under different soil textures.This technology provides a new idea for the prevention and control of ARD.

关键词： Apple Apple replant disease Fungi community structure Soil texture High-throughput sequencing

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Analysis of the Fungal Community in Apple Replanted Soil Around Bohai Gulf

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2018年第5期4卷 175-181页

作者： WANG Gongshuai yin chengmiao PAN Fengbing WANG Xiaobao XIANG Li WANG Yanfang WANG Jinzheng TIAN Changping CHEN Jie MAO Zhiquan State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Shandong Instiute of Pomology Yantai Academy of Agricultural & Science Garden Office of Linyi Lanshan

Apple replant disease(ARD) is a frequently occurring plant disease in replanted orchards around Bohai Gulf, which causes growth inhibition and even death of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of ARD around Bohai Gulf. In this study, the primary growth inhibition of apple seedlings was evaluated in ten replanted soils, sampled around Bohai Gulf. A fungal clone library was used to identify changes in the structure and composition of the soil fungal community. The results revealed that the Simpson diversity indices of Laizhou and Pulandian orchards were higher than others, presenting severe ARD. Ascomycota dominated around Bohai Gulf at the phyla level. Fusarium and Saccharomyces were abundant in all replanted soils. In addition, correlations between the relative abundance of fungal genera in soils and the severity of ARD were analyzed. The results showed that Fusarium was correlated positively with the severity of ARD, but Mortierella was negatively correlated. Furthermore, the quantitative PCR of Fusarium oxysporum, which was regarded as a factor of ARD, was performed. Overall, this study demonstrated that ARD was strongly associated with an unbalanced microbial ecosystem with more pathogenic fungi, while Fusarium in the apple replanted soil was the key factor for ARD around Bohai Gulf.

关键词： apple replanted disease Fungi clone library fusarium fungal community

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两种改良剂对酸化苹果园土壤环境及果树生长的影响

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土壤 2024年第1期56卷 112-119页

作者：夏群刘宇松李诚勇尹承苗山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院山东泰安271018 新泰市科技发展服务中心山东泰安271200 济南市莱芜区大王庄镇人民政府济南271119

本试验研制两种改良剂,在田间设置不施用改良剂和施用改良剂两个处理,测定苹果单果重、可溶性固形物、果形指数、苦痘病发病率以及土壤pH、有机质、元素含量、病原镰孢菌的数量和真菌群落结构的变化。结果表明,两种改良剂对缓解苹果园... 详细信息

本试验研制两种改良剂,在田间设置不施用改良剂和施用改良剂两个处理,测定苹果单果重、可溶性固形物、果形指数、苦痘病发病率以及土壤pH、有机质、元素含量、病原镰孢菌的数量和真菌群落结构的变化。结果表明,两种改良剂对缓解苹果园土壤酸化均具有良好的效果,其中德州改良剂效果最为显著。与对照相比,经德州改良剂处理后,苹果单果重平均提高39%,果形指数达到0.83以上,可溶性固形物达到14%以上,苦痘病发病率降至1%以下,土壤pH平均提高1.70,土壤有机质平均提高9.00 g/kg,且降低土壤有效Cu、有效Mn以及植株体内全Cu、全Mn含量,提高土壤交换性Ca以及植株体内全Ca含量,降低病原镰孢菌数量,优化真菌群落结构。综上,两种改良剂可有效缓解苹果园土壤酸化,促进果树生长。

关键词：苹果改良剂土壤酸化

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关于果树种质资源与遗传育种若干问题的理解与思考

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中国农业科学 2022年第17期55卷 3395-3410页

作者：陈学森王楠张宗营毛志泉尹成苗山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/国家苹果工程技术研究中心/农业农村部黄淮海地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室

综述了果树种质资源与遗传育种研究进展及若干问题的理解与思考，主要结果如下：1.中国虽然是柑橘、苹果、梨、桃、龙眼、枇杷、香蕉、猕猴桃、李、杏、枣和柿等多种果树的起源演化中心（之一），是世界上最大的果树资源国，但野生种质... 详细信息

综述了果树种质资源与遗传育种研究进展及若干问题的理解与思考，主要结果如下：1.中国虽然是柑橘、苹果、梨、桃、龙眼、枇杷、香蕉、猕猴桃、李、杏、枣和柿等多种果树的起源演化中心（之一），是世界上最大的果树资源国，但野生种质和名特优地方品种的发掘、创新与利用有待进一步加强。2.按照遗传变异的来源，果树常规育种主要有杂交育种和芽变选种两个途径；果树杂种一代广泛分离，每一次育种都选择杂种优势最强的基因型，通过无性繁殖成为新的营养系品种，并在生产上长期利用，而显性、超显性和上位性3大假说是杂种优势形成的主要遗传基础；对‘富士’和‘鲁丽’苹果、‘玫瑰香’葡萄及‘山农酥’梨等新品种及其亲本主要性状分析发现，选择具有互补性状的品种作为杂交亲本，并选择遗传背景复杂的品种作为杂交母本，是果树杂种优势高效利用及其亲本选择选配的重要结论；杂交育种是根据产业的品种需求确定育种目标，进行亲本选择与选配，培育双亲性状互补、杂种优势明显的新品种，而芽变选种是利用体细胞自然突变及其表观遗传对生产上的主栽品种个别性状进行修缮和改良；因此，杂交育种和芽变选种有机结合是解决果树产业品种问题的重要技术途径。3.面对国家乡村振兴的战略需求及关于“坚持凭能力、实绩、贡献评价人才，克服唯学历、唯资历、唯论文等倾向”的人才评价机制改革，深度解读了农业科技人员必须坚持“理论与技术创新并重及良种良法配套”的科研思路及其经典案例。

关键词：果树种质资源杂交育种芽变选种理论与技术良种与良法

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有机物料发酵物对连作苹果园果实品质和产量及土壤微生物的影响

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中国果树 2021年第1期 11-15页

作者：刘恩太尹承苗毛志泉山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室泰安271018 蓬莱市果树工作总站

以嘎拉/M26/平邑甜茶为试材,探讨有机物料发酵物对连作苹果园果实品质及土壤微生物的影响,为防治苹果连作障碍提供依据。结果表明:有机物料发酵物处理后果实单果重和单株产量分别增加57.8%、386.5%;果皮中花青苷、类胡萝卜素含量分别增... 详细信息

以嘎拉/M26/平邑甜茶为试材,探讨有机物料发酵物对连作苹果园果实品质及土壤微生物的影响,为防治苹果连作障碍提供依据。结果表明:有机物料发酵物处理后果实单果重和单株产量分别增加57.8%、386.5%;果皮中花青苷、类胡萝卜素含量分别增加386.3%、91.7%,叶绿素含量减少58.6%;总糖含量和糖酸比分别增加48.1%、193.1%,苹果酸含量、果实硬度分别降低49.3%、20.3%,差异均达显著性水平;重茬果实中含有7种特征香气,分别为乙酸己酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸-2-甲基丁酯、乙酸戊酯、2-甲基丁酸己酯、己醛和(E)-2-己烯醛,有机物料发酵产物使连作园果实增加了2-甲基丁酸丁酯、丙酸己酯、丁酸丁酯和丙酸丁酯4种酯类特征香气,减少了(E)-2-己烯醛1种醛类特征香气,处理后果实含有10种特征香气,且酯类香气物质含量均高于重茬果实。处理后土壤中细菌数量增加,而真菌数量减少。

关键词：苹果园连作有机物料发酵物果实品质土壤微生物

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桃园迹地建园对富士苹果植株生长发育和光合荧光特性的影响

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果树学报 2022年第8期39卷 1382-1389页

作者：刘恩太吕毅刘宇松相立姜伟涛尹承苗毛志泉山东农业大学山东泰安271018 烟台市蓬莱区果业技术推广中心山东烟台265600 威海市农业科学院山东威海264200 西北农林科技大学园艺学院陕西杨凌712100

【目的】探讨桃园迹地建园对苹果植株生长、叶片光合特性、保护酶活性及果实产量、品质的影响。【方法】以富士苹果为试材,设对照(桃园旁小麦迹地新植苹果植株)和处理(桃园迹地新植苹果植株),通过测定不同处理苹果植株生长特性、叶片相... 详细信息

【目的】探讨桃园迹地建园对苹果植株生长、叶片光合特性、保护酶活性及果实产量、品质的影响。【方法】以富士苹果为试材,设对照(桃园旁小麦迹地新植苹果植株)和处理(桃园迹地新植苹果植株),通过测定不同处理苹果植株生长特性、叶片相关指标、果实产量及品质,探究桃园迹地建园对苹果植株的影响。【结果】与对照相比,处理苹果植株冠幅、新梢长度、成枝率、节间长度、叶面积、单叶质量、叶片保护酶活性均不同程度显著降低,而MDA、H_(2)O_(2)、O_(2)^(-)、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量显著增加,净光合速率、叶片荧光淬灭参数F_(v)’/F_(m)’、Φ_(PSⅡ)和ETR均显著降低,1-qP、NPQ显著增加,2017年至2021年每666.7 m^(2)产量均不同程度显著减少,苹果果实光洁度、糖酸比均显著降低。【结论】桃园迹地条件下,苹果植株叶片内抗氧化酶系统与活性氧之间动态平衡被打破,PSⅡ反应中心实际光化学效率降低,净光合速率下降,苹果植株生长受到抑制,果实产量、糖酸比值和光洁度均不同程度显著降低。

关键词：富士苹果桃园土壤光合荧光品质产量

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苹果连作障碍土壤微生物的研究进展

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园艺学报 2020年第11期47卷 2223-2237页

作者：王晓琪姜伟涛姚媛媛尹承苗陈学森毛志泉山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室山东泰安271018 山东农业大学资源与环境学院土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心山东泰安271018

从土壤微生物的角度,概述了苹果连作障碍发生时病原菌对再植树体的影响,并结合当前化学/生物熏蒸、拮抗微生物施用、施肥措施调整、有机改良剂添加、抗重茬砧木选择、种植制度建立等手段,概述了上述措施在缓解连作障碍过程中影响和调控... 详细信息

从土壤微生物的角度,概述了苹果连作障碍发生时病原菌对再植树体的影响,并结合当前化学/生物熏蒸、拮抗微生物施用、施肥措施调整、有机改良剂添加、抗重茬砧木选择、种植制度建立等手段,概述了上述措施在缓解连作障碍过程中影响和调控土壤微生物群落结构的研究进展,对未来苹果连作障碍机理的研究及防控技术的发展方向提出了展望。

关键词：苹果连作障碍有害真菌微生物群落

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