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Improving maize seed protein content and nitrogen-use efficiency by a teosinte asparagine synthetase

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Molecular Plant 2023年第3期16卷 497-499页

作者： Yongqiang Liu Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSouth China Agricultural University.GuangzhouChina

From the earliest farming civilization,artificial selection continuously improves the critical agronomic traits for easier cultivation,higher yield,and better nutrient quality during crop domestication.During this process,genetic diversity of modern crops might be largely lost due to bottleneck effect with relative relaxed selection pressure(Doebley et al.,2006).To this end,the wild ancestors of modern crops,with their abundant genetic diversity,act as valuable pools for modern crop improvement.

关键词： crops content relaxed

Nitrogen assimilation in plants:current status and future prospects

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第5期49卷 394-404页

作者： Xiujie Liu Bin Hu Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Advanced Agricultural Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory SanyaHainan 572025China College of Agriculture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China

Nitrogen(N)is the driving force for crop yields;however,excessive N application in agriculture not only increases production cost,but also causes severe environmental problems.Therefore,comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of N use efficiency(NUE)and breeding crops with higher NUE is essential to tackle these problems.NUE of crops is determined by N uptake,transport,assimilation,and remobilization.In the process of N assimilation,nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(Ni R),glutamine synthetase(GS),and glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase(GOGAT,also known as glutamate synthase)are the major enzymes.NR and Ni R mediate the initiation of inorganic N utilization,and GS/GOGAT cycle converts inorganic N to organic N,playing a vital role in N assimilation and the final NUE of crops.Besides,asparagine synthetase(ASN),glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH),and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase(CPSase)are also involved.In this review,we summarize the function and regulation of these enzymes reported in three major crops—rice,maize,and wheat,also in the model plant Arabidopsis,and we highlight their application in improving NUE of crops via manipulating N assimilation.Anticipated challenges and prospects toward fully understanding the function of N assimilation and further exploring the potential for NUE improvement are discussed.

关键词： Nitrogen assimilation Nitrate reduction Ammonium assimilation Nitrogen use efficiency Crops

Strigolactone regulates nitrogen-phosphorus balance in rice

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 428-430页

作者： Huwei Sun Hanyun Wang Chengcai Chu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642

Phosphorus(P) is one of the essential elements for growth and development of crops.Modern agriculture depends heavily on the application of large amounts of fertilizers,including P fertilizers.Excessive application of P fertilizers causes severe environmental pollution.Additionally,phosphate(Pi) mining is a non-renewable resource(Raghothama,1999).

关键词： pollution phosphorus fertilizers

OsDREB1C,an integrator for photosynthesis,nitrogen use efficiency,and early flowering

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 191-193页

作者： Wei Wang Dong Zhang Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642China

Food security is a major challenge for people around the world.Despite the continuous growth of food supply in the past sixty years,more than 800 million people in the world are still suffering from hunger due to climate change and geographical conflicts(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO,2020,https://***/hunger/en/).

关键词： sixty spite suffering

S-Nitrosylation Control of ROS and RNS Homeostasis in Plants: The Switching Function of Catalase

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Molecular Plant 2020年第7期13卷 946-948页

作者： Yiqin Wang Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Nitric oxide(NO),a short-lived gaseous molecule,plays a key role in many physiological and developmental processes.As a lipophilic molecule that can cross all the barriers of biological membranes,NO is able to react w... 详细信息

关键词： processes. gaseous react

Nitrogen-Use Divergence Between Indica and Japonica Rice: Variation at Nitrate Assimilation

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 6-7页

作者： Zhihua Zhang Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Nitrogen (N) is the most abundant mineral element in plants and often constitutes a major limiting factor in agricultural practice. The application of N fertilizer has greatly enhanced the global crop production, but the accompanying economic and environmental costs are becoming unaffordable. Rice is the staple food for more than half of world population;therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating N uptake and utilization and thereby developing the strategies to improve the N use efficiency (NUE) in rice have become urgently needed.

关键词： thereby becoming limiting

Genetic improvement toward nitrogen-use efficiency in rice: Lessons and perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2023年第1期16卷 64-74页

作者： Bin Hu Wei Wang Jiajun Chen Yongqiang Liu Chengcai Chu Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-BioresourcesCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSouth China Agricultural University510642GuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The indispensable role of nitrogen fertilizer in ensuring world food security together with the severe threats it poses to the ecosystem makes the usage of nitrogen fertilizer a major challenge for sustainable agriculture.Genetic improvement of crops with high nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE)is one of the most feasible solutions for tackling this challenge.In the last two decades,extensive efforts toward dissecting the variation of NUE-related traits and the underlying genetic basis in different germplasms have been made,and a series of achievements have been obtained in crops,especially in rice.Here,we summarize the approaches used for genetic dissection of NUE and the functions of the causal genes in modulating NUE as well as their applications in NUE improvement in rice.Strategies for exploring the variants controlling NUE and breeding future crops with“less-input-more-output”for sustainable agriculture are also proposed.

关键词： rice green revolution nitrogen-use efficiency QTL mapping GWAS nitrogen signaling network

A New Era for Crop Improvement： From Model- Guided Rationale Design to Practical Engineering

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Molecular Plant 2015年第9期8卷 1299-1301页

作者： Chengcai Chu The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100101 China

Photosynthesis is the basis of plant productivity. There is still a big gap between the efficiency of theoretical maximal photosyn- thetic energy conversion and the efficiency realized in the field. It was estimated that for C3 plants, the theoretical maximal energy conversion efficiency is ca. 4.6%, the observed maximal season- long energy conversion efficiency is about 2.4%, while the typical season-long energy conversion efficiency is only 0.8% （Zhu et al., 2010）. Despite this, however, photosynthesis has not been effectively used as a breeding target for crop improvement so far. When plants grow under elevated CO2, the crop yields are higher, clearly showing that enhancing photosynthesis can be used to improve yields （Long et al., 2006; Zhu et al., 2010）. Two reasons underlie the failure of improving photosynthesis for greater yields. First, photosynthesis is difficult to phenotype compared with other traits such as flowering time, plant height, leaf erectness, etc.; second, canopy photosynthesis, instead of leaf photosynthesis, is related to crop biomass and yield, however, there is no effective way to measure canopy photosynthesis and to identify the factors controlling canopy photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency.

关键词：表型繁殖光合作用疾病严重程度指数磷蛋白磷酸酶类内皮缩血管肽类胰岛素植物

The impact of high-temperature stress on rice: Challenges and solutions

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 963-976页

作者： Yufang Xu Chengcai Chu Shanguo Yao State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biologythe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039China College of Life Science Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002HenanChina

Heat stress (HS) caused by rapidly warming climate has become a serious threat to global food security.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop for over half of the world’s population,and its yield and quality are often reduced by HS.There is an urgent need for breeding heat-tolerant rice cultivars.Rice plants show various morphological and physiological symptoms under HS.Precise analysis of the symptoms(phenotyping) is essential for the selection of elite germplasm and the identification of thermotolerance genes.In response to HS,rice plants trigger a cascade of events and activate complex transcriptional regulatory networks.Protein homeostasis under HS is especially important for rice thermotolerance,which is affected by protein quality control,effective elimination of toxic proteins,and translational regulation.Although some agronomic and genetic approaches for improving heat tolerance have been adopted in rice,the molecular mechanisms underlying rice response to HS are still elusive,and success in engineering rice thermotolerance in breeding has been limited.In this review,we summarize HS-caused symptoms in rice and progress in heat-stress sensing and signal cascade research,and propose approaches for improving rice thermotolerance in future.

关键词： Heat stress Rice Transcriptional regulation Protein homeostasis Thermotolerance breeding