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Prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function among Asian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 241-248页

作者： Chao Sun George Boon-Bee Goh Wan-cheng Chow Wah-Kheong Chan Grace Lai-Hung Wong Wai-Kay Seto Yi-Hsiang Huang Han-Chieh Lin I-cheng lee Hye Won lee Seung Up Kim Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Jian-Gao Fan Center for Fatty Liver Disease Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionShanghai 200092China Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with impaired renal function,and both diseases often occur alongside other metabolic disorders.However,the prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function in patients with NAFLD remain unclear.The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for renal impairment in NAFLD patients.Methods:All adults aged 18-70 years with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD and transient elastography examination from eight Asian centers were enrolled in this prospective study.Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were assessed by FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase(FAST),Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores.Impaired renal function and chronic kidney disease(CKD)were defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)with value of<90 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) and<60 mL/min/1.73 m^(2),respectively,as estimated by the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)equation.Results:Among 529 included NAFLD patients,the prevalence rates of impaired renal function and CKD were 37.4%and 4.9%,respectively.In multivariate analysis,a moderate-high risk of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis according to Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores were independent risk factors for CKD(P<0.05).Furthermore,increased fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and blood pressure were significantly associated with impaired renal function after controlling for the other components of metabolic syndrome(P<0.05).Compared with patients with normoglycemia,those with prediabetes[FPG≥5.6 mmol/L or hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥5.7%]were more likely to have impaired renal function(P<0.05).Conclusions:Agile 3+and Agile 4 are reliable for identifying NAFLD patients with high risk of CKD.Early glycemic control in the prediabetic stage might have a potential renoprotective role in these patients.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Impaired renal function Agile 3+ Agile 4 Metabolic syndrome

Applying model simulation and photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone sensitivity in southern Taiwan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第5期23卷 790-797页

作者： Yen-Ping Peng Kang-Shin Chen Hsin-Kai Wang Chia-Hsiang Lai Ming-Hsun Lin cheng-haw lee Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering "National" Taiwan University Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Health Safety and Environmental Engineering Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Resources Engineering National Cheng-Kung University

Ozone sensitivity was investigated using CAMx simulations and photochemical indicator ratios at three sites （Pingtung City, Chao-Chou Town, and Kenting Town） in Pingtung County in southern Taiwan during 2003 and 2004. The CAMx simulations compared fairly well with the hourly concentrations of ozone. Simulation results also showed that Pingtung City was mainly a volatile organic compounds （VOC）-sensitive regime, while Chao-Chou Town was either a VOC-sensitive or a NOx-sensitive regime, depending on the seasons. Measurements of three photochemical indicators （H202, HNO3, and NOy） were conducted, and simulated three transition ranges of H202/HNO3 （0.5-0.8）, O3/HNO3 （10.3-16.2） and O3/NOy （5.7-10.8） were adopted to assess the ozone sensitive regime at the three sites. The results indicated that the three transition ranges yield consistent results with CAMx simulations at most times at Pingtung City. However, both VOC-sensitive and NOx-sensitive regimes were important at the rural site Chao-Chou Town. Kenting Town, a touring site at the southern end of Taiwan, was predominated by a NOx-sensitive regime in four seasons.

关键词： photochemical indicator ozone sensitivity volative organic compounds NOx CAMx

Development and application of photocatalytic coating for roadside NO_(x) mitigation in Hong Kong

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 153-157页

作者： Xinwei Li Pengge Wang Shuwen Han Yu Huang Wingkei Ho Steven Sai Hang Ho Shun-cheng lee Meng Wang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology(SKLLQG)and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512United States

A facile chemical method for the development of photocatalytic coating products was proposed based on practical application perspective for the Hong Kong roadside nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))mitigation.TiO_(2)-based photocatalytic coating PC-C film with crystallized size of around 5–6 nm was synthesized with the peptization of H_(2)O_(2).The PC-C coating possesses a super-hydrophilicity surface and is proven to have a NO_(x)degradation rate of 46.8%with an optimum pH level of 7.In addition,the PC-C coating presents a promising photocatalytic NO_(x)degradation compared with other commercially available coating products and P25 when applied on two building materials of poly-methyl methacrylate(PMMA)and concrete surface.A weather resistance simulation and a 180-day on-site field trial were carried out the attenuation effects of photocatalytic coating applied in outdoor exposure.Based on epidemiological estimation and field investigation,hospital admissions for respiratory diseases(HARD)and mortality cases(MC)could be reduced with the application of PC-C coating along the street canyon.This work demonstrates the feasibility of air pollution control measures for the local roadside NO_(x)using photocatalytic technology,offering promising health benefits with environmental remediation.

关键词： Photocatalysis Coating NO_(x) mitigation Hong Kong Roadside

Paclitaxel induces human KOSC3 oral cancer cell apoptosis through caspase pathways

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BIOCELL 2024年第7期48卷 1047-1054页

作者： YU-YAN LAN TSUN-CHIH cheng YI-PING lee CHIA-YIH WANG BU-MIIN HUANG School of Medicine College of MedicineI-Shou UniversityKaohsiung82445Taiwan Department of Otolaryngology An Nan HospitalChina Medical UniversityTainan70965Taiwan Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan

Background:Paclitaxel is a compound derived from Paciﬁc yew bark that induces various cancer cell apoptosis.However,whether it also has anticancer activities in KOSC3 cells,an oral cancer cell line,is unclear.Methods:3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,ﬂow cytometry,and western blotting assays were carried out to assess cell viability,subG1 phase of the cell cycle,and apoptosis-related protein expression,respectively.Results:Ourﬁndings indicate that paclitaxel could inhibit cell viability and increase the expression of apoptotic markers,including plasma membrane blebbing and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase in KOSC3 cells.Also,the treatment with paclitaxel remarkably elevated the percentage of the subG1 phase in KOSC3 cells.In addition,treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor could recover paclitaxel-inhibited cell viability.Moreover,caspase-8,caspase-9,caspase-7,and BH3 interacting domain death agonist(Bid)were activated in paclitaxel-treated KOSC3 cells.Conclusions:Paclitaxel induced apoptosis through caspase cascade in KOSC3 cells.

关键词： Paclitaxel Oral cancer KOSC3 cells Apoptosis Caspase pathways

Maternal Group B Streptococcus Infection Correlates Inversely With Preeclampsia in Pregnant African American Women

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 23-28页

作者： Keun Soo Kwon Tzu Hsuan cheng Simone A。Reynolds Jordan Zhou Huchong Cai Sharon lee Ivan Velickovic Mudar Dalloul David Wlody Ming Zhang Department of Anesthesiology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthState University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA

Objective:To determine whether an association exists between group B Streptococcus(GBS)colonization and preeclampsia among pregnant Black women.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study involved Black women who gave birth at State University of New York Downstate Hospital between January 2010 and December 2017.Data were collected from the Obstetric Department,including delivery date,time,mode of delivery,age of the mother,weeks of gestation at delivery,and antepartum complications.The GBS test results were originally determined using the eSwab transport system.Preeclampsia was defined based on the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria for the periods 2010–2012 and 2013–2017.The primary outcome was whether GBS was associated with the outcome of preeclampsia in the population of Black women.Covariates,including smoking status,gestational age,parity,body mass index,maternal age,and presence of herpes simplex virus(HSV)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)were examined as potential confounders.Chi-squared test and logistic regression model were used,presenting odds ratios with 95%confidence intervals(P<0.050),analyzed with SAS on Demand for Academics(SAS Institute,Inc.,NY).Results:Among the 8,019 Black women included in this study,GBS-positive women(n=977)had a 53%reduction in the likelihood of being diagnosed with preeclampsia compared to GBS-negative women(adjusted odds ratio,0.47;95%confidence interval,0.32–0.70).We did not find evidence of differences in the distribution of smoking habits(P=0.783)or maternal age(P=0.107)between GBS-positive and GBS-negative women.However,the GBS-positive women tended to be less likely to have a preterm delivery(9.62%(94/977)vs.24.24%(1707/7042),P<0.001),less likely to be nulliparous(33.37%(326/977)vs.37.87%(2667/7042),P=0.006),and less likely to be obese(51.38%(502/977)vs.55.30%(3894/7042),P<0.001)compared with GBS-negative women.In contrast,GBS-positive women were more likely to have a comorbid infection than their counterparts:HSV(5.94%(58/977)vs.2

关键词： Pregnancy outcome Preeclampsia GBS colonization African American Afro-Caribbean

Uniqueness, scale, and resolution issues in groundwater model parameter identification

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Water Science and Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 175-194页

作者： Tian-chyi J.Yeh De-qiang Mao Yuan-yuan Zha Jet-chau Wen Li Wan Kuo-chin Hsu cheng-haw lee Department of Hydrology and Water Resources The University of Arizona Department of Resources Engineering National Cheng Kung University Department of Geophysics Colorado School of Mines State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Research Center for Soil & Water Resources and Natural Disaster Prevention National Yunlin University of Science and Technology

This paper first visits uniqueness, scale, and resolution issues in groundwater flow forward modeling problems. It then makes the point that non-unique solutions to groundwater flow inverse problems arise from a lack of information necessary to make the problems well defined. Subsequently, it presents the necessary conditions for a well-defined inverse problem. They are full specifications of （1） flux boundaries and sources/sinks, and （2） heads everywhere in the domain at at least three times （one of which is t = 0）, with head change everywhere at those times being nonzero for transient flow. Numerical experiments are presented to corroborate the fact that, once the necessary conditions are met, the inverse problem has a unique solution. We also demonstrate that measurement noise, instability, and sensitivity are issues related to solution techniques rather than the inverse problems themselves. In addition, we show that a mathematically well-defined inverse problem, based on an equivalent homogeneous or a layered conceptual model, may yield physically incorrect and scenario-dependent parameter values. These issues are attributed to inconsistency between the scale of the head observed and that implied by these models. Such issues can be reduced only if a sufficiently large number of observation wells are used in the equivalent homogeneous domain or each layer. With a large number of wells, we then show that increase in parameterization can lead to a higher-resolution depiction of heterogeneity if an appropriate inverse methodology is used. Furthermore, we illustrate that, using the same number of wells, a highly parameterized model in conjunction with hydraulic tomography can yield better characterization of the aquifer and minimize the scale and scenario-dependent problems. Lastly, benefits of the highly parameterized model and hydraulic tomography are tested according to their ability to improve predictions of aquifer responses induced by independent stresses not used in the inverse modeling efforts.

关键词： Uniqueness Scale Resolution Forward and inverse problems Hydraulic tomography

Apple polyphenol phloretin inhibits type II glucose transporter and enhances anti-HER2 antibody drug binding as an adjuvant treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Han-Sheng Chang Tzu-Chun cheng Shih-Hsin Tu Pei-Han Liao Yu-Ching lee Chi-Tang Ho Min-Hsiung Pan Li-Ching Chen Yuan-Soon Ho Department of Biological Science & Technology College of Life Sciences China Medical University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Life Sciences China Medical University Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine Taipei Medical University Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Jersey USA Institute of Food Sciences and Technology Taiwan University

This study presents novel findings on the potential of phloretin， an apple polyphenol， to enhance the effectiveness of anti-HER2 antibody therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our research reveals that phloretin inhibits type II glucose transporter (GLUT2) activity， significantly reducing cancer cell glucose uptake. We confirmed the overexpression of GLUT1 and GLUT2 mRNA in paired human breast tumor tissues， with GLUT2 overexpression associated explicitly with poorer survival rates in breast cancer patients. Treatment with phloretin was observed to increase the interaction between GLUT2 and HER2 proteins， attenuate glycolysis， and enhance the binding affinity of anti-HER2 antibody drugs to target human breast cancer cells. Furthermore， the efficacy of the combination therapy involving phloretin and antibody drugs was reaffirmed in a cell-derived xenograft (CDX) tumor animal model， particularly in suppressing the growth of Trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer. These significant findings suggest that targeting GLUT2 activity with phloretin in combination with anti-HER2 antibody drugs may help mitigate the development of drug-resistant breast cancer， offering valuable insights for enhancing tumor treatment strategies and contributing to developing more effective therapies.

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Artificial intelligence-driven radiomics study in cancer:the role of feature engineering and modeling

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Military Medical Research 2024年第1期11卷 115-147页

作者： Yuan-Peng Zhang Xin-Yun Zhang Yu-Ting cheng Bing Li Xin-Zhi Teng Jiang Zhang Saikit Lam Ta Zhou Zong-Rui Ma Jia-Bao Sheng Victor CWTam Shara WYlee Hong Ge Jing Cai Department of Medical Informatics Nantong UniversityNantong 226001JiangsuChina Department of Health Technology and Informatics the Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000GuangdongChina Department of Radiation Oncology the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou 450008China

Modern medicine is reliant on various medical imaging technologies for non-invasively observing patients’anatomy.However,the interpretation of medical images can be highly subjective and dependent on the expertise of clinicians.Moreover,some potentially useful quantitative information in medical images,especially that which is not visible to the naked eye,is often ignored during clinical practice.In contrast,radiomics performs high-throughput feature extraction from medical images,which enables quantitative analysis of medical images and prediction of various clinical endpoints.Studies have reported that radiomics exhibits promising performance in diagnosis and predicting treatment responses and prognosis,demonstrating its potential to be a non-invasive auxiliary tool for personalized medicine.However,radiomics remains in a developmental phase as numerous technical challenges have yet to be solved,especially in feature engineering and statistical modeling.In this review,we introduce the current utility of radiomics by summarizing research on its application in the diagnosis,prognosis,and prediction of treatment responses in patients with cancer.We focus on machine learning approaches,for feature extraction and selection during feature engineering and for imbalanced datasets and multi-modality fusion during statistical modeling.Furthermore,we introduce the stability,reproducibility,and interpretability of features,and the generalizability and interpretability of models.Finally,we offer possible solutions to current challenges in radiomics research.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Radiomics Feature extraction Feature selection Modeling Interpretability Multimodalities Head and neck cancer

The onset of surface-enhanced Raman scattering for single-particle detection of submicroplastics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 58-64页

作者： cheng-Hao lee James Kar-Hei Fang Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong SARChina Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong SARChina Research Institute for Future Food The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Microplastics represent an emerging environmental problem worldwide, raising ecological and food safety concerns. Compared to microplastics, there is growing evidence of an even higher abundance of submicro-and nanoplastics in the environment, but a reliable monitoring method for detecting these smaller-sized plastics is lacking. Herein we presented the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) for this purpose. Particles of polystyrene(PS;600 nm) were used as the probe analyte. Gold nanourchins(Au NU;50 nm),i.e. urchin-shaped nanoparticles with irregular spikes around the core, were used as the SERS-active substrate. The effectiveness of SERS on PS was evaluated at a single-particle level with different numbers of Au NU in order to determine the minimum conditions required for the onset of the SERS effect. Our findings suggest that SERS of a single particle of PS can be induced by as few as 1–5 particles of Au NU, and that the use of excitation wavelength at 785 nm is appropriate to meet the red-shifted surface plasmon resonance of Au NU upon aggregation. These specifications provide additional information for the development of SERS-based tools for detecting plastic particles < 1 μm in food and environmental samples.

关键词： Microplastics Nanoplastics Gold nanourchins SERS Food contamination