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Unified Classification and Rejection:A One-versus-all Framework

Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第5期21卷 870-887页

作者： Zhen cheng Xu-Yao Zhang cheng-Lin Liu State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Classifying patterns of known classes and rejecting ambiguous and novel(also called as out-of-distribution(OOD))inputs are involved in open world pattern *** neural network models usually excel in closed-set classification while perform poorly in rejecting OOD *** tackle this problem,numerous methods have been designed to perform open set recognition(OSR)or OOD rejection/detection *** methods mostly take post-training score transformation or hybrid models to ensure low scores on OOD inputs while separating known *** this paper,we attempt to build a unified framework for building open set classifiers for both classification and OOD *** formulate the open set recognition of K-known-class as a(K+1)-class classification problem with model trained on known-class samples *** decomposing the K-class problem into K one-versus-all(OVA)binary classification tasks and binding some parameters,we show that combining the scores of OVA classifiers can give(K+1)-class posterior probabilities,which enables classification and OOD rejection in a unified *** maintain the closed-set classification accuracy of the OVA trained classifier,we propose a hybrid training strategy combining OVA loss and multi-class cross-entropy *** implement the OVA framework and hybrid training strategy on the recently proposed convolutional prototype network and prototype classifier on vision transformer(ViT)*** on popular OSR and OOD detection datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework,using a single multi-class classifier,yields competitive performance in closed-set classification,OOD detection,and misclassification *** code is available at https://***/zhen-cheng121/CPN_OVA_unified.

关键词： Open set recognition out-of-distribution detection misclassification detection convolutional prototype network oneversus-all Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence

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A historical review of hybrid rice breeding

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 532-545页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Fei Wei cheng cheng Qian Qian State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya City 572024China

The development of germplasm resources and advances in breeding methods have led to steady increases in yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Three milestones in the recent history of rice breeding have contributed to these increases: dwarf rice breeding, hybrid rice breeding, and super rice breeding. On the 50th anniversary of the success of three-line hybrid rice,we highlight important scientific discoveries in rice breeding that were made by Chinese scientists and summarize the broader history of the field. We discuss the strategies that could be used in the future to optimize rice breeding further in the hope that China will continue to play a leading role in international rice breeding.

关键词： Chinese experience dwarf breeding hybrid rice breeding super rice breeding

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Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on viscosity and structure of slag for pyrometallurgical processing of spent automotive catalysts

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 608-621页

作者： Zhe Wang Qi-long Wei cheng-bin Shi Zhan-cheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on the viscosity and structure of the CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-6MgO-1.5ZrO_(2)-1.5CeO_(2) slag was *** results show that with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio,the viscous flow units within the slag gradually change from Si-O-Si to Al-O-Al and ***,the substitution of Al_(2)O_(3) for SiO_(2) leads to the transformation of Si-O bonds towards weaker Al-O bonds,which weaken the bond strength of the aluminosilicate networks,thus leading to a decrease in the viscosity of *** increase in CaO content effectively promotes the depolymerization of the aluminosilicate networks,resulting in a significant decrease in the viscosity of the *** slag with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) of 0.7-1.5 and CaO of 30 wt.%shows promise as the reference slag system for the Fe-collection smelting of spent automotive catalysts due to its good comprehensive performance.

关键词： Aluminosilicate slag Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2)mass ratio CaO content Viscosity Slag structure

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Learning layout generation for virtual worlds

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 577-592页

作者： Weihao cheng Ying Shan ARC Lab TencentShenzhen 518057China

The emergence of the metaverse has ledto the rapidly increasing demand for the generation ofextensive 3D worlds. We consider that an engagingworld is built upon a rational layout of multiple landuse areas (e.g., forest, meadow, and farmland). Tothis end, we propose a generative model of landuse distribution that learns from geographic *** model is based on a transformer architecturethat generates a 2D map of the land-use layout,which can be conditioned on spatial and semanticcontrols, depending on whether either one or bothare provided. This model enables diverse layoutgeneration with user control and layout expansion byextending borders with partial inputs. To generatehigh-quality and satisfactory layouts, we devise ageometric objective function that supervises the modelto perceive layout shapes and regularize generationsusing geometric priors. Additionally, we devise aplanning objective function that supervises the modelto perceive progressive composition demands andsuppress generations deviating from controls. Toevaluate the spatial distribution of the generations, wetrain an autoencoder to embed land-use layouts intovectors to enable comparison between the real andgenerated data using the Wasserstein metric, which isinspired by the Fr´echet inception distance.

关键词： layout generation virtual worlds Transformer land-use

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Blindness-free beam scanning antenna with array of array architecture: principle,design,and experiment

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 209-224页

作者： Jianxu SUN Yujian cheng School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

This paper presents a 66–76-GHz sparsely-excited phased array antenna with the array of array(Ao A) architecture for eliminating the blindness and suppressing the grating lobe when scanning. For the array antennas printed on the thick dielectric layers with high relative permittivity, scanning blindness appears and seriously impacts the radiation performance. To address this issue, the Ao A topology is developed first. It finds that the scanning blindness appears due to the coupling of the radiating Floquet modes to the non-radiating surface wave(SW) modes. Therefore, the array is divided into two types of domino *** inner-phase distributions are introduced into the domino subarrays to break the one-to-one relationship between the Floquet mode and the SW mode. Then, the blindness inside ±60° scanning volume is eliminated by the aperiodic subarrays. Meanwhile, the aperiodic inner-phase distributions enhance the aperiodicity of the array and contribute to suppressing the grating lobe when scanning. Next, the meta-surface-based dipole with the shorted post is chosen as the unit cell for the proposed aperiodic array. Based on these methods,the array achieves the wide-scanning performance of ±60° in the E-plane and ±30° in the H-plane, without the blindness and the grating lobe. Finally, the 16×16 array is built and simulated with the dimension of32 mm × 32 mm. At the highest operating frequency, the simulated gains are 28.42, 25.17, and 24.01 d Bi when scanning to the broadside, 50° in the E-plane, and 30° in the H-plane, respectively. Compared to the ideal gain, it shows that the simulated radiation efficiency is about 84.13%, 62.08%, and 35.23% when scanning to the broadside, 50° in the E-plane, and 30° in the H-plane, respectively. The worst transmission coefficient, i.e., the worst isolation, is-11.97 d B between the central element and its two adjacent elements in the E-plane. The array prototypes are fabricated, and the experiments are carried out to ver

关键词： 6G communication systems phased array AoA aperiodic subarray wideband wide-scanning surface-wave scanning blindness grating lobe

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Complex-frequency waves:beat loss and win sensitivity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 181-183页

作者： Qingqing cheng Tao L School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Medicine Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityQuzhou324000China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China

Recent experiments have demonstrated that synthesized complex-frequency waves can impart a virtual gain to molecule sensing systems,which can effectively restore information lost due to intrinsic molecular *** enhancement notably amplifies the signal of trace molecular vibrational fingerprints,thereby substantially improving the upper limit of sensitivity.

关键词： thereby Complex limit

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A Time-Domain Numerical Simulation for Free Motion Responses of Two Ships Advancing in Head Waves

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 519-530页

作者： PAN Su-yong cheng Yong School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

The constant panel method within the framework of potential flow theory in the time domain is developed for solving the hydrodynamic interactions between two parallel ships with forward *** solving problems within a time domain framework,the free water surface needs to simultaneously satisfy both the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions of the free water *** provides conditions for adding artificial damping *** the Runge−Kutta method to solve equations related to *** upwind differential scheme is used in the present method to deal with the convection terms on the free surface to prevent waves *** the comparison with the available experimental data and other numerical methods,the present method is proved to have good mesh convergence,and satisfactory results can be *** constant panel method is applied to calculate the hydrodynamic interaction responses of two parallel ships advancing in head *** simulations are conducted on the effects of forward speed,different longitudinal and lateral distances on the motion response of two modified Wigley ships in head *** further investigations are conducted on the effects of different ship types on the motion response.

关键词： ship motions time domain simulation forward speed different distances wave loads

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中国绿色创新效率的时空演进规律及影响因素研究

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财经问题研究 2020年第12期 50-57页

作者：吕承超邵长花崔悦青岛科技大学经济与管理学院山东青岛266061 对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院北京100029

本文采用非径向DEA-SBM模型和Global Malmquist-Luenberger指数对1995—2015年中国30个省份的绿色创新效率进行测度,并分析全国以及东部地区、中部地区和西部地区绿色创新效率的时空演进规律,在此基础上,构建动态面板数据模型实证检验... 详细信息

本文采用非径向DEA-SBM模型和Global Malmquist-Luenberger指数对1995—2015年中国30个省份的绿色创新效率进行测度,并分析全国以及东部地区、中部地区和西部地区绿色创新效率的时空演进规律,在此基础上,构建动态面板数据模型实证检验绿色创新效率的影响因素。研究结果表明:尽管绿色创新效率呈现上升趋势,但各区域之间发展非均衡现象依然存在;中国绿色创新效率空间差距总体上呈现先下降后上升又下降的趋势;中国绿色创新效率得到提高,没有出现极化现象,且空间差距呈现缩小趋势;科研经费、金融发展规模、第二产业比重和第三产业比重抑制了中国绿色创新效率的提高,而科研人员数量、金融发展效率和人均GDP则对中国绿色创新效率起到了促进作用。

关键词：绿色创新效率时空演进规律 GML指数 Dagum基尼系数非径向DEA-SBM模型

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集成催化燃烧和氨水吸收制冷的油气冷凝吸附回收系统

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环境工程学报 2018年第2期12卷 382-387页

作者：景海波汪城黄维秋吕成郝庆芳李飞常州大学江苏省油气储运技术重点实验室常州213016

为回收并资源化利用挥发油气,建立了一种集成冷凝、吸附、催化燃烧和氨水吸收制冷技术的油气回收系统。为分析该系统回收油气时的回收率和能耗,结合油气混合物及其组分浓度数据,对采用该系统回收油气的方案进行建模和计算。利用Aspen P... 详细信息

为回收并资源化利用挥发油气,建立了一种集成冷凝、吸附、催化燃烧和氨水吸收制冷技术的油气回收系统。为分析该系统回收油气时的回收率和能耗,结合油气混合物及其组分浓度数据,对采用该系统回收油气的方案进行建模和计算。利用Aspen Plus软件模拟3级冷凝过程,改变2级冷凝温度,得到相应的能耗、未被冷凝的油气量和组分浓度;利用Aspen Plus软件模拟单级氨水吸收式制冷过程,得到相应的制冷系数和能耗;估算催化燃烧子系统所需的油气量;对于吸附子系统,只考虑吸附过程,进入吸附装置的油气全部得到回收。通过计算求得油气的回收率和系统的能耗。结果表明:采用该工艺系统回收油气时,回收率和能耗均随二级冷凝温度的升高而降低;相较于传统的"冷凝加吸附法"工艺,该工艺系统的能耗降低30%左右,回收率仅降低2%左右。

关键词：油气回收能耗冷凝法单级氨水吸收式制冷 Aspen Plus 回收率

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MWCNT/PUF复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能

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聚氨酯工业 2018年第1期33卷 16-18页

作者：丁祥吕程张过有重庆水利电力职业技术学院重庆402160 重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室重庆400044 西南交通大学电气工程学院成都610031

将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)加入硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUF)中,研究了MWCNT/PUF复合材料的密度、电导率、压缩强度和电磁屏蔽效能(EMI SE)。结果表明,MWCNT/PUF复合材料的密度和压缩强度随MWCNT含量的增加先增大后减小;电导率和电磁屏蔽效能随M... 详细信息

将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)加入硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUF)中,研究了MWCNT/PUF复合材料的密度、电导率、压缩强度和电磁屏蔽效能(EMI SE)。结果表明,MWCNT/PUF复合材料的密度和压缩强度随MWCNT含量的增加先增大后减小;电导率和电磁屏蔽效能随MWCNT含量的增加而增大,低MWCNT含量时增长速率快。

关键词：聚氨酯泡沫塑料多壁碳纳米管电磁屏蔽效能电导率压缩强度

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