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Emergent symmetry in quantum phase transition:From deconfined quantum critical point to gapless quantum spin liquid

Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 190-196页

作者： Wen-Yuan Liu Shou-Shu Gong Wei-Qiang Chen Zheng-cheng gu Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadena CA 91125USA School of Physical Sciences Great Bay UniversityDongguan 523000China Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study Dongguan 523000China Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

The emergence of exotic quantum phenomena in frustrated magnets is rapidly driving the development of quantum many-body physics,raising fundamental questions on the nature of quantum phase transitions.Here we unveil the behaviour of emergent symmetry involving two extraordinarily representative phenomena,i.e.,the deconfined quantum critical point(DQCP)and the quantum spin liquid(QSL)state.Via large-scale tensor network simulations,we study a spatially anisotropic spin-1/2 square-lattice frustrated antiferromagnetic(AFM)model,namely the J1x-J1y-J2 model,which contains anisotropic nearestneighbor couplings J1x,J1y and the next nearest neighbor coupling J2.For small J1y/J1x,by tuning J2,a direct continuous transition between the AFM and valence bond solid phase is observed.With growing J1y/J1x,a gapless QSL phase gradually emerges between the AFM and VBS phases.We observe an emergent O(4)symmetry along the AFM–VBS transition line,which is consistent with the prediction of DQCP theory.Most surprisingly,we find that such an emergent O(4)symmetry holds for the whole QSL–VBS transition line as well.These findings reveal the intrinsic relationship between the QSL and DQCP from categorical symmetry point of view,and strongly constrain the quantum field theory description of the QSL phase.The phase diagram and critical exponents presented in this paper are of direct relevance to future experiments on frustrated magnets and cold atom systems.

关键词： Tensor network Quantum phase transition Emergent symmetry Quantum spin liquid Deconfined quantum critical point Anisotropic

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Orbital angular momentum-mediated machine learning for high-accuracy mode-feature encoding

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 466-477页

作者： Xinyuan Fang Xiaonan Hu Baoli Li Hang Su Ke cheng Haitao Luan Min gu Institute of Photonic Chips University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics School of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Machine learning with optical neural networks has featured unique advantages of the information processing including high speed,ultrawide bandwidths and low energy consumption because the optical dimensions(time,space,wavelength,and polarization)could be utilized to increase the degree of freedom.However,due to the lack of the capability to extract the information features in the orbital angular momentum(OAM)domain,the theoretically unlimited OAM states have never been exploited to represent the signal of the input/output nodes in the neural network model.Here,we demonstrate OAM-mediated machine learning with an all-optical convolutional neural network(CNN)based on Laguerre-Gaussian(LG)beam modes with diverse diffraction losses.The proposed CNN architecture is composed of a trainable OAM mode-dispersion impulse as a convolutional kernel for feature extraction,and deep-learning diffractive layers as a classifier.The resultant OAM mode-dispersion selectivity can be applied in information mode-feature encoding,leading to an accuracy as high as 97.2%for MNIST database through detecting the energy weighting coefficients of the encoded OAM modes,as well as a resistance to eavesdropping in point-to-point free-space transmission.Moreover,through extending the target encoded modes into multiplexed OAM states,we realize all-optical dimension reduction for anomaly detection with an accuracy of 85%.Our work provides a deep insight to the mechanism of machine learning with spatial modes basis,which can be further utilized to improve the performances of various machine-vision tasks by constructing the unsupervised learning-based auto-encoder.

关键词： polarization mode momentum

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Chemokine platelet factor 4 accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration by regulating Schwann cell activation and axon elongation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 190-195页

作者： Miao gu Xiao cheng Di Zhang Weiyan Wu Yi Cao Jianghong He Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education Co-innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina School of Basic Medical Sciences Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and RepairChengde Medical UniversityChengdeHebei ProvinceChina

Schwann cells in peripheral nerves react to traumatic nerve injury by attempting to grow and regenerate.Howeve r,it is unclear what factors play a role in this process.In this study,we searched a GEO database and found that expression of platelet factor 4 was markedly up-regulated after sciatic nerve injury.Platelet factor is an important molecule in cell apoptosis,diffe rentiation,survival,and proliferation.Further,polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the change in platelet factor 4 in the sciatic nerve at different time points after injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that platelet factor 4 was secreted by Schwann cells.We also found that silencing platelet factor 4 decreased the proliferation and migration of primary cultured Schwann cells,while exogenously applied platelet factor 4 stimulated Schwann cell prolife ration and migration and neuronal axon growth.Furthermore,knocking out platelet factor 4 inhibited the prolife ration of Schwann cells in injured rat sciatic nerve.These findings suggest that Schwann cell-secreted platelet factor 4 may facilitate peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by regulating Schwann cell activation and axon growth.Thus,platelet factor 4 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic peripheral nerve injury.

关键词： axon elongation bioinformatic analysis cell migration cell proliferation dorsal root ganglia peripheral nerve regeneration peripheral nerve trauma platelet factor 4 rat sciatic nerve Schwann cells

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Effectiveness of Histopathological Examination of Ultrasound-guided Puncture Biopsy Samples for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 170-177页

作者： gu Wen Fei SHI Xia MA Xin YU Jun Lei XU Jin Chuan QIAN cheng cheng HU Zhi Dong ZHANG Hui Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan UniversityShanghai 201508China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000ZhejiangChina Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhejiang Putuo HospitalZhoushan 316100ZhejiangChina Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy samples in extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB).Methods This study was conducted at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.A total of 115patients underwent ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy,followed by MGIT 960 culture(culture),smear,Gene Xpert MTB/RIF(Xpert),and histopathological examination.These assays were performed to evaluate their effectiveness in diagnosing EPTB in comparison to two different diagnostic criteria:liquid culture and composite reference standard(CRS).Results When CRS was used as the reference standard,the sensitivity and specificity of culture,smear,Xpert,and histopathological examination were(44.83%,89.29%),(51.72%,89.29%),(70.11%,96.43%),and(85.06%,82.14%),respectively.Based on liquid culture tests,the sensitivity and specificity of smear,Xpert,and pathological examination were(66.67%,72.60%),(83.33%,63.01%),and(92.86%,45.21%),respectively.Histopathological examination showed the highest sensitivity but lowest specificity.Further,we found that the combination of Xpert and histopathological examination showed a sensitivity of 90.80%and a specificity of 89.29%.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided puncture sampling is safe and effective for the diagnosis of EPTB.Compared with culture,smear,and Xpert,histopathological examination showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity.The combination of histopathology with Xpert showed the best performance characteristics.

关键词： Extrapulmonary tuberculosis Diagnosis Biopsy Histopathological examination Puncture samples

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Development of sustainable and efficient recycling technology for spent Li-ion batteries: Traditional and transformation go hand in hand

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第5期9卷 802-830页

作者： Zejian Liu Gongqi Liu Leilei cheng Jing gu Haoran Yuan Yong Chen Yufeng Wu guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Guangzhou510640China School of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou510640China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Clean and efﬁcient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human society.Therefore,we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs,starting with lithium-ion power batteries.Recent research on raw material collection,metallurgical recovery,separation and puriﬁcation is highlighted,particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efﬁciency,energy consumption,technology transformation and policy management.Mechanisms and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored,revealing a clean and efﬁcient closed-loop recovery mechanism.Optimization methods are proposed for future recycling technologies,with a focus on how future research directions can be industrialized.Ultimately,based on life-cycle assessment,the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efﬁcient short process recycling technologies.This work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry,to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling.

关键词： Spent LIBs Transformative recycling LCA analysis Policy guidance High value utilization

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Quantitative discrimination of surface adsorbed NOx species on CeO_(2) via spectrophotometry for SCR denitration investigation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1066-1072,I0003页

作者： Songil Sin Jiawei Ji Lijun cheng Zhiwen gu Chong Tan Kwangchol Ri Changjin Tang School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Department of Mining Engineering Kim Chaek University of TechnologyPyongyang999093Democratic People's Republic of Korea Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing20023China Institute of Chemical Engineering Hamhung University of Chemical EngineeringHamhungDemocratic People's Republic of Korea Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology Nanjing210023China

CeO_(2)-based catalysts are widely investigated for selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH3.Interaction of NO/O_(2) with CeO_(2) generally produces two surface species,i.e.,nitrates and nitrites.However,the explicit quantification of these two species is still unresolved.Herein,we reported that spectrophotometry characterization was effective in determining surface adsorbed NOx species on CeO_(2) by measuring the corresponding ions(NO_(2)-and NO_(3)^(-))dissolved in aqueous solution.Experimental results show that both nitrate(-NO_(3))and nitrite(-NO_(2))species can be quantitatively evaluated and the accuracy is verified by calibrating with NOx-TPD result.Exclusive transfer of adsorbed NOx from catalyst surface to aqueous solution is confirmed and the dissolution process can be accelerated by ultrasonic treatment.Moreover,useful information related to evolution of surface NOx species under various conditions(O_(2) treatment,different adsorption temperature and duration)and over different catalysts(Fe_(2)O_(3),MnO_(2) and MnOx—CeO_(2))are provided.The result of present study demonstrates the potential of spectrophotometry for quantitative discrimination of surface NOx species on CeO_(2) and other oxide-based materials,which is conducive to mechanism analysis of SCR reaction.

关键词： Quantitative evaluation Spectrophotometry analysis Nitrate species Nitrite species CeO_(2)catalyst NH_(3)-SCR

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Design of stable covalent organic frameworks for transport regulation of mass and energy

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第12期66卷 3495-3505页

作者： Xianzhe Wei cheng gu State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

This feature article discusses the design of stable covalent organic frameworks(COFs) for the transport regulation of protons,electrons, and radicals. Transporting these particles through materials is essential for many applications, and porous materials with high surface area and porosity have become powerful platforms for their development. However, the stability of the holes in the material is crucial for adjusting the transmission performance, which may change significantly when the material is not stable enough, and the structure changes when it is in service in the environment. Various strategies have been adopted to improve the stability of COFs, including introducing strong electron-donating groups into the COFs and introducing irreversible reactions into the COF synthesis process. The transport regulation in stable COFs has been explored, and the structure-function relationship has been established. The prospects and challenges of COFs for the transport regulation of protons, electrons, and radicals have also been discussed. Overall, the breakthroughs in COF field have opened new possibilities for developing advanced materials with improved transport properties. The stable COFs have potential applications in energy storage, catalysis,and sensing. However, further research is needed to understand the transport properties of COFs fully and to optimize their performance for specific applications.

关键词： covalent organic frameworks transport regulation stability

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Multimorbidity and mortality among older patients with coronary heart disease in Shenzhen,China

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第1期21卷 81-89页

作者： Fu-Rong LI Shuang WANG Xia LI Zhi-Yuan cheng cheng JIN Chun-Bao MO Jing ZHENG Feng-Chao LIANG Dong-Feng gu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina School of Public Health and Emergency Management Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center ShenzhenChina School of Medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina

BACKGROUND The current understanding of the magnitude and consequences of multimorbidity in Chinese older adults with coronary heart disease(CHD)is insufficient.We aimed to assess the association and population-attributable fractions(PAFs)between multimorbidity and mortality among hospitalized older patients who were diagnosed with CHD in Shenzhen,China.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of older Chinese patients(aged≥65 years)who were diagnosed with CHD.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between multimorbidity and all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality.We also calculated the PAFs.RESULTS The study comprised 76,455 older hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with CHD between January 1,2016,and August 31,2022.Among them,70,217(91.9%)had multimorbidity,defined as the presence of at least one of the predefined 14 chronic conditions.Those with cancer,hemorrhagic stroke and chronic liver disease had the worst overall death risk,with adjusted HRs(95%CIs)of 4.05(3.77,4.38),2.22(1.94,2.53),and 1.85(1.63,2.11),respectively.For CVD mortality,the highest risk was observed for hemorrhagic stroke,ischemic stroke,and chronic kidney disease;the corresponding adjusted HRs(95%CIs)were 3.24(2.77,3.79),1.91(1.79,2.04),and 1.81(1.64,1.99),respectively.All-cause mortality was mostly attributable to cancer,heart failure and ischemic stroke,with PAFs of 11.8,10.2,and 9.1,respectively.As for CVD mortality,the leading PAFs were heart failure,ischemic stroke and diabetes;the corresponding PAFs were 18.0,15.7,and 6.1,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Multimorbidity was common and had a significant impact on mortality among older patients with CHD in Shenzhen,China.Cancer,heart failure,ischemic stroke and diabetes are the primary contributors to PAFs.Therefore,prioritizing improved treatment and management of these comorbidities is essential for the survival prognosis of CHD patients from a holistic public health perspective.

关键词： patients morbidity mortality

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A Possible X-ray Quasi-periodic Oscillation in the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Mrk 142

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 193-202页

作者： Xiao-gu Zhong Jian-cheng Wang Yong-Yun Chen Xiao-Ling Yu College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Qujing Normal University Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences

A possible quasi-periodic oscillation（QPO） at frequency 7.045 × 10-5Hz is found in the narrow-line Seyfert 1galaxy Mrk 142 in the data of XMM-Newton collected on 2020 April 11. We find that the QPO signal is statistically significantly larger than the 5σ level and highly coherent with quality factor Q > 5 at the 0.3–10 keV band by using the method of the Lomb–Scargle Periodogram, the Weighted Wavelet Z-transform and the REDFIT.We analyze the data in 0.3–0.6 keV, 0.6–1 keV, 1–3 keV and 3–10 keV energy bands, and find obvious QPO signals at 0.3–0.6 keV and 1–3 keV bands. We then analyze the time-average spectra and time variability at the QPO frequency of 7.045 × 10-5Hz, and use a model to fit them. We find that the QPO signal mainly comes from the X-ray hot corona.

关键词： accretion accretion disks galaxies: Seyfert radiation mechanisms: general X-rays: galaxies

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Neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis and restore abnormal protein distribution in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1593-1601页

作者： Bo Li Yujie Chen Yan Zhou Xuanran Feng guojun gu Shuang Han Nianhao cheng Yawen Sun Yiming Zhang Jiahui cheng Qi Zhang Wei Zhang Jianhui Liu Department of Radiology Renji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Morphology and Spatial Multi-Omics Technology Platform Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Blood Transfusion Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain,further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole.Here,we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing,immunostaining,and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution.Additionally,to clarify whether the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-de rived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes,we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knoc kout AP P/PS1mouse model.Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-de rived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels,enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related fa ctors,and inhibit astrocyte activation,but do not suppress amyloid-βproduction.Thus,neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1αsignaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis.In addition,we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease,and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect,indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial biogenesis neural stem cell-derived exosome SIRT1-PGC1α regional brain distribution whole brain clearing and imaging

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