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Axial coordinated iron-nitrogen-carbon as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen redox reactions

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 637-642页

作者： Yanan Zhou Li sheng Lanlan chen Wenhua Zhang Jinlong Yang School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Institute of Mass SpectrometryNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Synergetic Innovation Centre of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Designing highly active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution and reduction reactions(OER and ORR)is pivotal to renewable energy ***,based on density functional theory(DFT)calculations,we systematically investigate the catalytic activity of iron-nitrogen-carbon based covalent organic frameworks(COF)monolayers with axially coordinated ligands(denotes as Fe N_(4)-X@COF,X refers to axial ligand,X=-SCN,-I,-H,-SH,-NO_(2),-Br,-ClO,-Cl,-HCO_(3),-NO,-ClO_(2),-OH,-CN and-F).The calculated results demonstrate that all the catalysts possess good thermodynamic and electrochemical *** different ligands axially ligated to the Fe active center could induce changes in the charge of the Fe center,which further regulates the interaction strength between intermediates and catalysts that governs the catalytic ***,FeN_(4)-SH@COF and Fe N_(4)-OH@COF are efficient bifunctional catalysts for HER and OER,FeN_(4)-OH@COF and FeN_(4)-I@COF are promising bifunctional catalysts for OER and *** findings not only reveal promising bifunctional HER/OER and OER/ORR catalysts but also provide theoretical guidance for designing optimum ironnitrogen-carbon based catalysts.

关键词： Axial coordinated ligands DFT calculation Hydrogen evolution reaction Oxygen evolution reaction Oxygen reduction reaction

New Insights on Gamma-Ray Burst Radiation Mechanisms from Multiwavelength Observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第2期25卷 3-12页

作者： Yu-Hua Yao Fang-sheng Min Shi chen Yi-Qing Guo College of Physics Chongqing University Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wisconsin Ice Cube Particle Astrophysics Center University of Wisconsin–Madison University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center

The study of high-energy gamma-ray emission from gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) involves complex synchrotron radiation and synchrotron self-Compton(SSC) scattering mechanisms with multiple parameters exhibiting a wide distribution. Recent advancements in GRB research, particularly the observation of very high energy(VHE,>100 Ge V) radiation, have ushered in a new era of multiwavelength exploration, offering fresh perspectives and limitations for understanding GRB radiation mechanisms. This study aimed to leverage VHE observations to refine constraints on synchrotron + SSC radiation from electrons accelerated by forward shocks. By analyzing two external environments—the uniform interstellar medium and stratified stellar wind medium, we conducted spectral and variability fitting for five specific bursts(GRB 180720B, GRB 190114C, GRB 190829A, GRB 201216C, and GRB 221009A) to identify the optimal parameters characterizing these events. A comparative analysis of model parameter distributions with and without VHE radiation observations reveals that the magnetic energy equipartition factor εBis more concentrated with VHE emissions. This suggests that VHE emissions may offer greater constraints on this microphysical parameter. Additionally, we found that the energy budget between VHE and ke V–Me V γ-ray emissions under the SSC radiation exhibits an almost linear relationship, which may serve as a tool to differentiate radiation mechanisms. We anticipate future statistical analyses of additional VHE bursts to validate our findings.

关键词： (transients:) gamma-ray bursts gamma-rays: ISM radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote functional gene regulation of phosphorus cycling in rhizosphere microorganisms of Iris tectorum under Cr stress

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 187-199页

作者： Sixi Zhu Huan Mao Suxia Sun Xiuqin Yang Wei Zhao Luying sheng Zhongbing chen College of Eco-environment Engineering Guizhou Minzu UniversityThe Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs CommissionGuiyang 550025China Department of Applied Ecology Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamycka 129Praha-Suchdol 16500Czech Republic

The mutualistic symbiotic system formed by clumping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plants can remediate heavy metal-contaminated ***,the specific mechanisms underlying the interaction between AMF and inter-root microbial communities,particularly their impact on organic phosphorus(P)cycling,remain *** study investigated the gene regulation processes involved in inter-root soil phosphorus cycling in wetland plants,specifically Iris tectorum,following inoculation with AMF under varying concentrations of chromium(Cr)*** macro-genome sequencing,we analyzed the composition and structure of the inter-root soil microbial community associated with Iris tectorum under greenhouse pot *** results demonstrated significant changes in the diversity and composition of the inter-root soil microbial community following AMF inoculation,with Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,and Bacteroidetes being the dominant *** Cr stress,species and gene co-occurrence network analysis revealed that AMF promoted the transformation process of organic phosphorus mineralization and facilitated inorganic phosphorus ***,network analysis of functional genes indicated strong aggregation of(pstS,pstA,pstC,***,phoR,pp-gppA)genes,which collectively enhanced phosphorus uptake by *** findings shed light on the inter-root soil phosphorus cycling process during the co-remediation of Cr-contaminated soil by AMF-Iris tectorum symbiosis,providing valuable theoretical support for the application of AMF-wetland plant symbiosis systems to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil.

关键词： Metagenome Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Phosphorus Iris tectorum Cr

Vector meson’s spin alignments in high energy reactions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 1-16页

作者： Jin-Hui chen Zuo-Tang Liang Yu-Gang Ma Xin-Li sheng Qun Wang Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation(MOE)Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China INFN-Firenze Sesto Fiorentino FI 50019Italy Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Mechanics and Physics Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC)at Brookhaven National Laboratory(BNL).It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between the po-larized quark and antiquark in the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma(sQGP)produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions,opening a new window to explore the properties of *** addition,spin alignments of vector mesons have also been observed in other high-energy particle collisions such as e^(+)e^(−)annihilations at high energies where hadron production is dominated by quark fragmentation *** results obtained are quite different from those obtained in heavy ion collisions where quark coalescence/combination mechanism dominates suggesting strong dependence on hadronization *** comprehensive studies in different hadronization processes are *** this article,we present a brief review of theoretical and experimen-tal advances in the study of vector meson’s spin alignments in a variety of high-energy particle collisions,with emphasis on hadronization mechanisms.

关键词： vector meson spin alignment global polarization relativistic heavy ion collisions fragmentation

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances discharge activity of cortical neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 548-556页

作者： Zhihui Ren Tian Li Xueer Liu Zelin Zhang Xiaoxuan chen Weiqiang chen Kangsheng Li Jiangtao sheng Department of Microbiology and Immunology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)has been extensively studied for its pleiotropic effects on central nervous system *** neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of TGF-β1 in specific brain areas may depend on the pathological process and cell types ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are essential ion channels for the generation of action potentials in neurons,and are involved in various neuroexcitation-related ***,the effects of TGF-β1 on the functional properties of VGSCs and firing properties in cortical neurons remain *** this study,we investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on VGSC function and firing properties in primary cortical neurons from *** found that TGF-β1 increased VGSC current density in a dose-and time-dependent manner,which was attributable to the upregulation of Nav1.3 *** VGSC current density and Nav1.3 expression were significantly abolished by preincubation with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(PD98059),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(SB203580),and Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 inhibitor(SP600125).Interestingly,TGF-β1 significantly increased the firing threshold of action potentials but did not change their firing rate in cortical *** findings suggest that TGF-β1 can increase Nav1.3 expression through activation of the ERK1/2-JNK-MAPK pathway,which leads to a decrease in the firing threshold of action potentials in cortical neurons under pathological ***,this contributes to the occurrence and progression of neuroexcitatory-related diseases of the central nervous system.

关键词： central nervous system cortical neurons ERK firing properties JNK Nav1.3 p38 transforming growth factor-beta 1 traumatic brain injury voltage-gated sodium currents

MXene Hybridized Polymer with Enhanced Electromagnetic Energy Harvest for Sensitized Microwave Actuation and Self‑Powered Motion Sensing

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 265-279页

作者： Yu‑Ze Wang Yu‑Chang Wang Ting‑Ting Liu Quan‑Liang Zhao chen‑Sha Li Mao‑sheng Cao School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical and Material Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of ChinaHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080People’s Republic of China

Polymeric microwave actuators combining tissue-like softness with programmablemicrowave-responsive deformation hold great promise for mobile intelligentdevices and bionic soft robots. However, their application is challenged by restricted electromagneticsensitivity and intricate sensing coupling. In this study, a sensitized polymericmicrowave actuator is fabricated by hybridizing a liquid crystal polymer with Ti3C2Tx(MXene). Compared to the initial counterpart, the hybrid polymer exhibits unique spacechargepolarization and interfacial polarization, resulting in significant improvements of230% in the dielectric loss factor and 830% in the apparent efficiency of electromagneticenergy harvest. The sensitized microwave actuation demonstrates as the shortenedresponse time of nearly 10 s, which is merely 13% of that for the initial shape memory polymer. Moreover, the ultra-low content of MXene (upto 0.15 wt%) benefits for maintaining the actuation potential of the hybrid polymer. An innovative self-powered sensing prototype that combinesdriving and piezoelectric polymers is developed, which generates real-time electric potential feedback (open-circuit potential of ~ 3 mV) duringactuation. The polarization-dominant energy conversion mechanism observed in the MXene-polymer hybrid structure furnishes a new approachfor developing efficient electromagnetic dissipative structures and shows potential for advancing polymeric electromagnetic intelligent devices.

关键词： Microwave absorption Electromagnetic response Energy harvest Self-sensing Soft actuator

The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao chen sheng Wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

Investigation of spatiotemporal distribution and formation mechanisms of ozone pollution in eastern Chinese cities applying convolutional neural network

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 126-138页

作者： Qiaoli Wang Dongping sheng chengzhi Wu Xiaojie Ou shengdong Yao Jingkai Zhao Feili Li Wei Li Jianmeng chen 无 College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310032China Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education Institute of Industrial Ecology and EnvironmentCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University(Zijingang Campus)Hangzhou 310027China Trinity Consultants Inc.(China office)Hangzhou 310012China Zhejiang University of Science&Technology Hangzhou 310023China

Severe ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution over major Chinese cities has become one of the most challenging problems,which have deleterious effects on human health and the sustainability of *** study explored the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ground-level O_(3) and its precursors based on conventional pollutant and meteorological monitoring data in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to ***,a high-performance convolutional neural network(CNN)model was established by expanding the moment and the concentration variations to general ***,the response mechanism of O_(3) to the variation with crucial influencing factors is explored by controlling variables and interpolating target *** results indicated that the annual average MDA8-90th concentrations in Zhejiang Province are higher in the northern and lower in the *** the wind direction(WD)ranges from east to southwest and the wind speed(WS)ranges between 2 and 3 m/sec,higher O_(3) concentration prone to *** different temperatures(T),the O_(3) concentration showed a trend of first increasing and subsequently decreasing with increasing NO_(2) concentration,peaks at the NO_(2) concentration around 0.02mg/m^(3).The sensitivity of NO_(2) to O_(3) formation is not easily affected by temperature,barometric pressure and dew point ***,there is a minimum IRNO_(2) at each temperature when the NO_(2) concentration is 0.03 mg/m^(3),and this minimum IRNO_(2) decreases with increasing *** study explores the response mechanism of O_(3) with the change of driving variables,which can provide a scientific foundation and methodological support for the targeted management of O_(3) pollution.

关键词： Ozone Spatiotemporal distribution Convolutional neural network Ozone formation rules Incremental reactivity

17α-methyltestosterone induced hepatocyte apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in Takifugu fasciatus

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2025年第1期43卷 219-231页

作者： Xuanyin chen sheng LUO Yanfang LI Rui LI Xiaojun LI Zhengyang HU Shaowu YIN Tao WANG College of Marine Science and Engineering Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural TechnologyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province Lianyungang 222005China

17α-methyltestosterone(17α-MT)is an emerging pollutant,which is harmful to the endocrine system and reproduction of *** investigated the effects of different concentrations of 17α-MT(0,5,30,60,and 100 mg/kg)on endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)and apoptosis in the liver of Takifugu *** show that:(1)with the increase of 17α-MT treatment concentration,liver transaminases(alanine aminotransferase;aspartate aminotransferase)and the mRNA expression of ERS marker genes(glucose-regulated protein 78;calreticulin)of *** were significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05);(2)the activity of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),Caspase3 and Caspase9 in the liver of *** increased with the increase of 17α-MT concentration compared with the control group(P<0.05);(3)by using 4-phenylbutyricacid(4-PBA)inhibitors to stimulate ERS through in vitro experiments,the expression of ERS and apoptosis-related genes significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the apoptosis rate of *** hepatocytes was significantly inhibited(P<0.05)under 17α-MT *** study confirmed that ERS played an important role in the induction of apoptosis in the hepatocytes of ***,which enriched the ecotoxicological information of environmental androgens.

关键词： 17α-methyltestosterone Takifugu fasciatus liver endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis