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The evolution of sex chromosome dosage compensation in animals

Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2020年第11期47卷 681-693页

作者： Jiabi chen Menghan wang Xionglei He Jian-Rong Yang Xiaoshu chen Department of Biology and Medical Genetics Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol College of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Biomedical Informatics Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina RNA Biomedical Institute Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Program in Cancer Research Zhongshan School of MedicineThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes shall lead to gene expression dosage problems,as in at least one of the sexes,the sex-linked gene dose has been reduced by *** has been proposed that the transcriptional output of the whole X or Z chromosome should be doubled for complete dosage compensation in heterogametic ***,owing to the variability of the existing methods to determine the transcriptional differences between sex chromosomes and autosomes(S:A ratios)in different studies,we collected more than 500 public RNA-Seq data set from multiple tissues and species in major clades and proposed a unified computational framework for unbiased and comparable measurement of the S:A ratios of multiple *** also tested the evolution of dosage compensation more directly by assessing changes in the expression levels of the current sex-linked genes relative to those of the ancestral sex-linked *** found that in mammals and birds,the S:A ratio is approximately 0.5,whereas in insects,fishes,and flatworms,the S:A ratio is approximately *** analysis showed that the fraction of dosage-sensitive housekeeping genes on the X/Z chromosome is significantly correlated with the S:A *** addition,the degree of degeneration of the Y chromosome may be responsible for the change in the S:A ratio in mammals without a dosage compensation *** observations offer unequivocal support for the sex chromosome insensitivity hypothesis in animals and suggest that dosage sensitivity states of sex chromosomes are a major factor underlying different evolutionary strategies of dosage compensation.

关键词： Dosage compensation Sex chromosome Genomic evolution

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Growth Kinetics of Silicon Carbide Film Prepared by Heating Polystyrene/Si（111）

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2009年第1期22卷 102-106页

作者： Jian-wen wang Yu-xia wang Zheng chen You-ming Zou Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230025 China

SiC films were prepared by heating polystyrene/Si（111） in normal pressure argon atmosphere at different temperatures. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared absorption measurements. The thicknesses of SiC films were calculated from FTIR spectra. The growth kinetics of the growth process of SiC films were investigated as well. The thicknesses of the SiC films grown for 1 h with increasing growth temperatures have different trends in the three temperature ranges： increasing slowly （1200-1250 ℃）, increasing quickly （1250- 12.70 ℃）, and decreasing （1270-1300 ℃）. The apparent activation energies of the growth process of SiC films in the three ranges were calculated to be 122.5,522.5, and -127.5 J/mol respectively. Mechanisms of the different growth processes were discussed. The relation between film thicknesses and growth temperatures indicated that the growth process was a 2D mechanism in the first range and 3D mechanism in the second range. In the third range, the thicknesses of SiC films were decreased by the volatility of Si and C atoms.

关键词： Thin films Silicon carbide Fourier transform infrared absorption Growth kinetics

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Entanglement charge of thermal states

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2012年第4期55卷 666-670页

作者： YE MingYong lin XiuMin BAI YanKui wang ZiDan School of Physics and Optoelectronics Technology Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China College of Physical Science and Information Engineering and Hebei Advance Thin Films Laboratory Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050016China Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Entanglement charge is an operational measure to quantify nonlocalities in ensembles consisting of bipartite quantum *** we generalize this nonlocality measure to single bipartite quantum *** an example,we analyze the entanglement charges of some thermal states of two-qubit systems and show how they depend on the temperature and the system parameters in an analytical way.

关键词： entanglement charge quantum entanglement thermal state

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Decoherence,Orbit,and Classical linear Frequency Entropy:Quantum-Classical Correspondence

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2009年第8期52卷 221-225页

作者： ZHANG Shi-Hui JIE Quan-lin wang Zhuo Department of Physics Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

The decoherence process is analyzed for an open quantum system that is classically chaotic,with a classicallinear frequency entropy developed to measure the stability of classical motion,Investigation shows that the decoherencemeasured by the rate of quantum linear entropy production varies significantly with both the underlying classical orbitsand the classical linear frequency *** correspondence is also supported by the further investigation on theLoschmidt Echo.

关键词： decoherence orbit rate of linear entropy classical linear frequency entropy

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Construction of Carbon-Coated Cobalt Sulfide Hybrid Networks Inter-Connected by Carbon Nanotubes for Performance-Enhanced Potassium-Ion Storage

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第11期40卷 1313-1320页

作者： Xuehao Zeng Huigang Tong Shi chen Jian Lu Changlai wang Jinwei Tu Pengcheng wang Qianwang chen Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China

Because of its high theoretical capacity,transition metal sulfides have always been regarded as promising anode materials for potas-slum-ion ***,It is difficult for us to make use of transition metal sulfides due to their low conductivity,poor ionic dif-fusivity,sluggish reaction kinetics and severe volume ***,we developed a novel carbon-coated CoSx@CNT material with carbon nanotubes inter-connected(CCS@CNT),which shows an excellent potassium storage performance with a specific capacity of 550 mA·h·g^(-1) under the current of 50 mA·g^(-1) and 296 mA·hg^(-1) at 1000 mA·*** carbon layer can effectively alleviate volume ex-pansion during charging and discharging *** this special structure of inter-connected hybrid networks with CNTs greatly improves the electron transport,ion diffusion coefficient and reaction kinetics of the material.

关键词： Carbon Cobalt Sulfur Potassium-ion batteries Inter-connected hybrid networks

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An expedient synthesis of peptidyl N-alkylamides by "HOPE" strategy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2012年第5期23卷 565-568页

作者： Hao lin Xiao Xiao Yang De Xin wang Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Beijing 100050China

We have developed an expedient approach,＂HOPE＂（hybrid orthogonal protocol with ease） strategy for the synthesis of peptidyl *** new strategy was characterized by following points：incorporating Boc and Fmoc protocols together on Merrifield resin,removal of SPG（side-chain protecting groups） without the damage of linker structure on the resin,and the ammonolysis of linker as the last step could achieve the introducing N-alkylamide structure into C-terminal and releasing product from resin-support *** present work,eight peptidylamides with different alkylsubstitution at C-terminal were conveniently synthesized by HOPE strategy.

关键词： "HOPE" strategy Solid-phase peptide synthesis Peptidyl N-alkylamide

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Exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation for a class of hyperbolic potential well

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第4期31卷 109-115页

作者： Xiao-Hua wang Chang-Yuan chen Yuan You Fa-lin Lu Dong-Sheng Sun Shi-Hai Dong School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Yancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng 224007China Research Center for Quantum Physics Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China Laboratorio de Informaci´on Cu´antica CIDETECInstituto Polit´ecnico NacionalUPALMC.P 07700CDMXMexico

We propose a new scheme to study the exact solutions of a class of hyperbolic potential *** first apply different forms of function transformation and variable substitution to transform the Schrodinger equation into a confluent Heun differential equation and then construct a Wronskian determinant by finding two linearly dependent solutions for the same *** then in terms of the energy spectrum equation which is obtained from the Wronskian determinant,we are able to graphically decide the quantum number with respect to each eigenstate and the total number of bound states for a given potential *** a procedure allows us to calculate the eigenvalues for different quantum states via Maple and then substitute them into the wave function to obtain the expected analytical eigenfunction expressed by the confluent Heun *** linearly dependent relation between two eigenfunctions is also studied.

关键词： hyperbolic potential well Schrodinger equation Wronskian determinant confluent Heun function

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Analysis model of internal residence time distribution for fluid flow in a multi-strand continuous casting tundish

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第9期31卷 2186-2195页

作者： Qiang Yue Yue Li Zi-ming wang Ben-chen Sun Xiu-zhen wang School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan243002AnhuiChina School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan243002AnhuiChina

The external residence time distribution(RTD)curve is extensively used to characterise fluid flow within the single-strand continuous casting *** volume fraction determination typically relies on the external RTD curve to reveal macroscopic fluid flow *** on the external RTD to effectively assess dead volume fractions and other fluid characteristics under conditions of internal non-uniform flow,an internal RTD was *** a smooth pipe under laminar flow conditions,the dead region occupies 25%of the total volume,which is defined as the space between the pipe wall and a radius of 0.866 R0(where R0 is the radius of pipe).Under turbulent flow conditions,the dead region only occupies 0.38%of the reactor’s internal volume,spanning from the pipe wall to a radius of 0.00189 *** results obtained using the external RTD method are consistent with the theoretical *** trials involving water were conducted to examine the flow of molten steel within a five-strand ***,an analysis approach employing internal RTD was employed to evaluate fluid mixing within a multi-flow continuous casting *** the internal RTD method,the analysis revealed that the whole dead zone volume fraction of the intermediate package decreased from 26.9%to 18.9%after the addition of the flow control *** dead volume fraction can be accurately depicted by utilising the internal mean RTD *** association between the internal RTD function and the external average RTD can be effectively employed to scrutinise the response curve of the tracer within a system exhibiting uneven flow distribution.

关键词： Tundish Internal residence time distribution Dead volume Critical velocity Mathematical modelling

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Skin mimicking-sweating evaporation polyimide cooling film for electronic devices

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第10期66卷 2797-2807页

作者： JIANG Miao XIAO Chao HE XuSheng DU HuiChao wang YanYan DING Xin ZHANG Xian LI XiaoFei ZHENG Kang LIU XiangLan chen lin TIAN XingYou Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials Institute of Solid State PhysicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Science Island Branch University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Lu’an Branch Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial TechnologyLu’an 237000China School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230039China

In hot environments,the human body shows an efficient capability to maintain a stable temperature by benefiting from sweating *** by this skin perspiration strategy,in this study,we demonstrated an innovative polyimide foam(PIF)-based mimetic skin with excellent cooling capability by integrating a silver coating and reusable hydrogel for the first *** of the hybrid thermal dissipating system,the successive silver coating quickly transferred heat to the inside of the polyacrylamide ***,the hydrogel absorbed a large amount of heat due to its large enthalpy and effectively dissipated heat to the environment through the evaporation of moisture,similar to the sweating of ***,the temperature of the skin-like film was reduced by 25.4℃compared with pure PIF under a high-power laser heating *** and remarkable cooling effects were also obtained in mobile phone and battery applications,far better than commercially available thermally conductive polyimide(PI).This outstanding performance paves a new way for the thermal management application of PI in wearable electronics,microprocessors,and flexible electronics.

关键词： skin-mimicking polyimide hydrogel thermal management sweat cooling

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linear invariant generation for verification of nonlinear hybrid systems via conservative approximation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第3期60卷 226-228页

作者： Xia ZENG wang lin Zhengfeng YANG Zhenbing ZENG Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University College of Mathematics and Information Science Wenzhou University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Department of Mathematics Shanghai University

Dear editor,Hybrid systems are widely used in modeling safetycritical systems[1].In recent years,safety verification of hybrid systems,whose aim is to decide whether the systems will reach a dangerous or un-

关键词： In over

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