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Pore Types and Quantitative Evaluation of Pore Volumes in the Longmaxi Formation Shale of Southeast Chongqing, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第1期92卷 342-353页

作者： chen fangwen LU Shuangfang DING Xue Research Institute of Unconventional Oil & Gas and Renewable Energy China University of Petroleum (East China)

The common microscale to nanoscale pore types were introduced and divided into organic and inorganic pores to estimate their contributions to porosity in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale of southeast Chongqing. Following the material balance principle, the organic porosity values, which changed with formation subsidence and thermal evolution, were calculated using chemical kinetics methods and corrected via the organic porosity correction coefficient, which was obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopy. Grain density values were determined using the contents and true densities of compositions in the shale samples. The total porosity was calculated based on the grain and bulk densities. The inorganic porosity was determined from the difference between the total porosity and organic porosity at the same depth. The results show that inorganic pores mainly contain microfractures, microchannels, clay intergranular pores, intercrystalline pores and intracrystalline pores in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale of southeast Chongqing. Organic pores mainly include organopore and fossil pore. The total porosity, organic porosity and inorganic porosity of organic-rich shale samples can be quantitatively evaluated using this method. The total porosity, organic porosity and inorganic porosity values of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples from the well Pyl in southeast Chongqing lie in 2.75%-6.14%, 0.08%-2.52% and 1.41%-4.92% with average values of 4.34%, 0.95% and 3.39%, respectively. The contributions of the inorganic pores to the total porosity are significantly greater than those of the organic pores.

关键词： southeast Chongqing Longmaxi Formation shale total porosity organic porosity inorganicporosity

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The Impact of Aqueous Medium on Gas Yields and Kinetic Behaviors of Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation during Organic Matter Thermal Degradation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1466-1477页

作者： LU Shuangfang WANG Min XUE Haitao LI Jijun chen fangwen XU Qingxia Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Province 163318 China

In order to recognize the impact of aqueous medium on gas yields and the kinetic behaviors of hydrogen isotope fractionation during organic matter thermal degradation, the gold tube apparatus was used to conduct thermal simulation experiments by mixing the nC18 with the water of different properties and proportions. The yields of natural gas components, the relation among hydrogen isotope composition of each component and the experimental temperatures vs. heating rates have been obtained, and the results indicate that under the higher temperature conditions, the hydrous experiment has obvious impact on gas yields, such as when more water is added, higher amounts of hydrocarbon gas and H2 are yielded, and the existence of water obviously prolongs the temperature interval with the existence of heavy hydrocarbon gas. It also shows that the hydrogen isotope of hydrocarbon gas generated by the hydrous experiment is obviously lighter than that generated by the anhydrous experiment, and with the increasing amount of added water, the δD value of hydrocarbon gas gradually decreases. Compared with gas yields, the variation of δD value is more sensitive to aqueous medium in the thermal simulation experiment. However, compared with the amount of the added water, the aqueous medium property has smaller impact on the gas yields, which still shows the inherit effect on hydrogen isotope composition of aqueous medium. Through the model simulation and the isotope fractionation behavior analysis, it is validated that the hydrogen isotope fractionation process can be well described by the chemical kinetic model. The difference of reaction fraction of normal methane and D-containing methane is large, corresponding to the same activation energy. The content of normal methane is obviously higher in the part with lower activation energy, while the content of D-containing methane is higher in the part with higher activation energy. Therefore, it will result in larger hydrogen isotope fracti

关键词： hydrogen isotope fractionation chemical kinetics nC18 gas generation hydrous experiment

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Molecular Simulations of FCC Dry Gas Components Adsorption in Zeolite Y

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2016年第1期18卷 100-107页

作者： Ding Xue Liu Yibin Yang Chaohe Shan Honghong chen fangwen State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Institute of Unconventional Hydrocarbon and New Energy Sources China University of Petroleum

Adsorption of FCC dry gas components, hydrogen(H_2), nitrogen(N_2), methane(CH_4), ethane(C_2H_6) and ethylene(C_2H_4) in zeolite Y was studied by performing the Grant Canonical Monte Carlo(GCMC) simulations at 298K and 823K and under a pressure range up to 10 MPa. Simulation results were analyzed using the Langmuir model, which presented fitting of dry gas components adsorption to be suggested as the monolayer adsorption. C_2H_4 presented most single adsorption amount, which reached 7.63 mol/kg at 298K under a pressure of 200kPa. Thermodynamic parameters of the Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change and entropy change were analyzed based on adsorption equilibrium constant obtained from the GCMC simulations. The results suggested that it was more favorable for C_2H_4 to be adsorbed in zeolite Y. Adsorption molecules were in ordered arrangement in the zeolite, and C_2H_4 exhibited a more orderly arrangement than other components. Additionally, a competition in the adsorption of a mixture of dry gas components was found, and supercages were the priority adsorption space. The competition was favorable to CH_4 and C_2H_6, and the competitive power was affected by temperature.

关键词： adsorption dry gas zeolite molecular simulation Monte Carlo method

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Economic feasibility and efficiency enhancement approaches for in situ upgrading of low-maturity organic-rich shale from an energy consumption ratio perspective

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地学前缘 2023年第1期30卷 281-295页

作者： LU Shuangfang WANG Jun LI Wenbiao CAO Yixin chen fangwen LI Jijun XUE Haitao WANG Min Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanya 572025China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318China Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas School of GeosciencesChina University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China

The technical feasibility of in situ upgrading technology to develop the enormous oil and gas resource potential in low-maturity shale is widely ***,because of the large quantities of energy required to heat shale,its economic feasibility is still a matter of debate and has yet to be convincingly demonstrated *** on the energy conservation law,the energy acquisition of oil and gas generation and the energy consumption of organic matter cracking,shale heat-absorption,and surrounding rock heat dissipation during in situ heating were evaluated in this *** energy consumption ratios for different conditions were determined,and the factors that influence them were *** results show that the energy consumption ratio increases rapidly with increasing total organic carbon(TOC)*** oil-prone shales,the TOC content corresponding to an energy consumption ratio of 3 is approximately 4.2%.This indicates that shale with a high TOC content can be expected to reduce the project cost through large-scale operation,making the energy consumption ratio after consideration of the project cost greater than *** situ heating and upgrading technology can achieve economic *** main methods for improving the economic feasibility by analyzing factors that influence the energy consumption ratio include the following:(1)exploring technologies that efficiently heat shale but reduce the heat dissipation of surrounding rocks,(2)exploring technologies for efficient transformation of organic matter into oil and gas,i.e.,exploring technologies with catalytic effects,or the capability to reduce in situ heating time,and(3)establishing a horizontal well deployment technology that comprehensively considers the energy consumption ratio,time cost,and engineering cost.

关键词： shale gas content in situ upgrading energy consumption ratio high-efficiency heating efficient organic matter transformation

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Identification of the lower limit of high-quality source rocks and its relation to hydrocarbon accumulation——Taking the Beier Sag in the Hailaer Basin as an example

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Petroleum Science 2012年第1期9卷 10-17页

作者： Lu Shuangfang chen fangwen Li Jijun Wang Weiming Li Huiguang Cao Ruicheng Ma Yanling College of Geosciences Northeast Petroleum UniversityHeilongjiang 163318China Province Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanism and Resource Prediction Heilongjiang 163318China The Halaer Exploratory Development Headquarters Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd.Heilongjiang 163000China

The theory of ＂source rock control＂ has evolved from source-rock-control hydrocarbon accumulation, to effective source-rock-control hydrocarbon accumulation, and to high-quality source- rock-control hydrocarbon accumulation. However, there are problems, such as whether high-quality source rocks exist or not？ What high-quality source rocks are, and how to identify them, are yet to be agreed upon. Aimed at this issue of concern to explorationists, and taking the Beier Sag in the Hailaer Basin as an example, this paper defines the high-quality source rocks and the lower limit for evaluation of high-quality source rocks, by using the inflection point on the relationship curve of hydrocarbon （oil） expulsion, which is calculated by the material balance principle, versus total organic carbon （TOC）. The results show that when TOC is low, all source rocks have limited hydrocarbon expulsion and slow growth rate, thus they cannot be high-quality source rocks. However, when TOC rises to some threshold, hydrocarbon expulsion increases significantly with TOC. This inflection point should be the lower limit of high-quality source rocks： those with TOC greater than the inflection-point value are high-quality source rocks. In addition, the lower limit of high-quality source rocks is also related to the type and maturity of organic matters in the source rocks, as well as the mineral components of the source rocks affecting the residual hydrocarbons. Theoretically, the lower limit of high-quality source rocks depends on geological conditions rather than being a constant value. However, for the sake of simplicity and practicability, in this paper TOC=2.0% is regarded as the lower limit of high-quality source rocks. The examination of such standard in the work area indicates that the high-quality source rocks in members K^n2 and K^n~ of the Nantun formation contribute 76% and 82% to oil generation, and 96% and 91% to oil expulsion, respectively. The distribution of high-quality source r

关键词： High-quality source rocks material balance oil generation oil expulsion hydrocarbongeneration potential Beier Sag

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Organoporosity Evaluation of Shale:A Case Study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in Southeast Chongqing

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A01期89卷 5-7页

作者： chen fangwen LU Shuangfang DING Xue Institute of Unconventional Hydrocarbon and New Energy Sources China University of Petroleum (EastChina) Qingdao Shandong 266580 College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580

1 Introduction Petrological characteristics （such as brittle mineral content）, miero-nanoscale porosity, total organic carbon and organic matter maturity of shale play important roles in the accumulation and exploration of shale gas. The nanometre pores in shale are mostly organopores （pores within organic matters in shale） created from hydrocarbon generation during formation subsidence and thermal evolution （Loucks et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2011; Chalmers et al., 2012）.

关键词： SHALE gas reservoirs HYDROCARBON reservoirs ORGANIC compounds CHEMICAL kinetics NATURAL gas -- Prospecting CHINA

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Reservoir Characteristics of Lacustrine Shale and Marine Shale:Examples from the Songliao Basin,Bohai Bay Basin and Qiannan Depression

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 1024-1038页

作者： WANG Min LU Shuangfang WANG Zhiwei LIU Yang HUANG Wenbiao chen fangwen XU Xingyou LI Zheng LI Jijun Research Institute of Unconventional Petroleum and Renewable Energy China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina Geology Scientific Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Co.Ltd. Dongying 257015ShandongChina

Lacustrine shale from the Qingshankou Formatin of Songliao basin and the Shahejie Formation of Bohai Bay basin, and marine shale from the lower Cambrian Jinmenchong Formation of Qiannan depression were analysed by using rock pyrolysis, TOC （total organic carbon）, XRD （X-ray diffraction）, SEM （scanning electron microscope）, FE-SEM （field emission scanning electron microscope）, high pressure mercury intrusion, and low pressure N2 and CO2 gas adsorption experiments, in aim to reveal their reservoir features. The results show that：（1） the width of micro-pores of all the studied samples mainly ranges from 0.45 to 0.7 nm indicated by CO2 isotherms, and the width of meso-pores is less than 10 nm, with type IV adsorption isotherms and type H2 hysteresis loop, indicative of ＂ink-bottle＂-shaped pores. Good correlations exist among pore volume, surface area and averaged pore diameter, and a good positive correlation exists between micro-pore volume and TOC content; however, there is no obvious correlation between meso-pore volume and TOC content; （2） interparticle pores, pores among the edge of mineral grains and organic matter pores were all identified in marine and lacustrine shale, among which the interparticle pores may be influence by dissolution effect. Not all bitumen develops organic matter pore, and only high to over mature bitumen present pores. Now the description methods of micrometer scale pores developed in shale are very lack. Micro- fractures developed in Jiyang depression and dissolution interparticle pores developed in Songliao Basin should be the accumulation sites for shale oil in lacustrine shale, and can be as sweet spots.

关键词： reservoir characteristic lacustrine shale marine shale Songliao Basin Bohai Bay Basin Qiannan Depression

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The Sedimentary Characteristics of Suning–Dawangzhuang Carbonate Bar in Ji Zhong Depression

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 39-40页

作者： HUANG Jingxuan LU Shuangfang chen fangwen GE Xiaobo WU Yihao Research Institute of Unconventional Petroleum andRenewable Energy China University of Petroleum (East China)Qingdao 266580 College of Geosciences and Technology China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580

1 Introduction A thin carbonate sediments is developed at Sha he jie group, in Su Ning--Da Wang Zhuang area of Ji Zhong depression. Based at core description, identification and analysis of foundation under the microscope, combined with logging, analysis, we have discussed the carbonate sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary model in Su Ning--Da Wang Zhuang area.

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Geological Modeling on the Reservoir of Oil Sand in Estuary

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A01期89卷 106-108页

作者： WU Yihao LU Shuangfang chen fangwen XIAO Hong YUAN Dandan Research Institute of Unconventional Petroleum andRenewable Energy China University of Petroleum Qingdao266580 Shandong China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580 Shandong China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company Renqiu 062552 Hebei China

1 Introduction Pore is the major oil and gas reservoir, and its volume and structure determines the gas capacity of shale and the occurrence mode of gas. The development of shale porosity is mainly affected by the content and diagenesis of quartz, clay and some other minerals, the content and maturity of TOC, the strength and time of tectonic activities etc., besides the study ofpore＇s character of shale reservoir is an important prerequisite to exploration and production of shale hydrocarbon and guarantee and improvement of hydrocarbon reserves. Among pores, the organic pores include organic matter pores and biological fossil pores.

关键词： GEOLOGICAL modeling OIL sands ESTUARIES POROSITY -- Measurement OIL shale reserves

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Types and microstructures of pores in shales of the Ordovician Wulalike Formation at the western margin of the Ordos Basin, China

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Energy Geoscience 2023年第3期4卷 100-112页

作者： Wuling Mo Min Wang fangwen chen Zhengliang Huang Ying Li Yu Yan Ren Jiang Tong Lin Junfeng Cui Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing100083China China University of Petroleum(East China) QingdaoShangdong266580China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company Xi'anShaanxi710018China

Shale samples from the Ordovician Wulalike Formation at the western margin of the Ordos Basin are studied to define the types, microstructures and connectivity of pores as well as the relationships between the pore structures and gas content of the samples by using experimental techniques such as high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), CO_(2) adsorption, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). The results show that the shale has 10 different lithofacies, typical mixed sedimentary characteristics, and poorly developed pores. The reservoir space mainly consists of intercrystalline pores, dissolution pores, intergranular pores, and micro-fissures, with organic pores occasionally visible. The pore size is mostly within 0.4–250 nm range but dominated by micropores and mesopores less than 20 nm, with pore numbers peaking at pore sizes of 0.5 nm, 0.6 nm, 0.82 nm, 3 nm, and 10 nm, respectively. The pores are poorly connected and macropores are rarely seen, which may explain the low porosity and low permeability of the samples. Samples with high content of organic matter and felsic minerals are potential reservoirs for oil and gas with their favorable physical properties and high connectivity. The pores less than 5 nm contribute significantly to the specific surface area and serve as important storage space for adsorbed gas.

关键词： Shale Pore type Microstructure Ordovician Ordos Basin

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