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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.x. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, x.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. chen, A.M. chen, E.S. chen, h.x. chen, Liang chen, Lin chen, Long chen, M.J. chen, M.L. chen, Q.h. chen, S. chen, S.h. chen, S.Z. chen, T.L. chen, Y. cheng, N. cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, x.h. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, h.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, x.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.h. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.h. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, h. Feng, L. Feng, S.h. Feng, x.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.h. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.h. Guo, F.L. Guo, x.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. han, Y.A. hasan, M. he, h.h. he, h.N. he, J.Y. he, Y. hor, Y.K. hou, B.W. hou, C. hou, x. hu, h.B. hu, Q. hu, S.C. huang, D.h. huang, T.Q. huang, W.J. huang, x.T. huang, x.Y. huang, Y. Ji, x.L. Jia, h.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, x.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, h.B. Li, h.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, x.R. Li, xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, h. Liu, h.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, h.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, x.h. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, h.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, x.D. Shu, F.W. Song, h.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, D.x. Sun, Q.N. Sun, x.N. Sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.h.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312 Russia hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (SNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. however, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LhAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LhAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LhAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 Science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Rational design of AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： h.x.Lu h.Liu Z.Z.Fu Y.Y.chen h.Q.Dai Z.hu W.L.Zhang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China Zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesize highly luminescent AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner ZnS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer ZnS shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesized AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQY reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in Zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between Zn cation diffusion and ZnS shelling ***,the ZnS shelling reaction was dominant when ZnCl_(2)was employed,while Zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the ZnS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface

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Fast efficient photon deceleration in plasmas by using two laser pulses at different frequencies

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： Y.x.Wang x.L.Zhu S.M.Weng P.Li x.F.Li h.Ai h.R.Pan Z.M.Sheng Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(moe) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Research Center of Laser Fusion of China Academy of Engineering Physics MianyangSichuan 621900China State key Laboratory of high Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the mid-infrared(mid-IR)to terahertz(Thz)range is of interest for applications in a number of fields,from fundamental research to biology and *** conventional laser technology,photon deceleration in plasma wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort mid-IR or Thz ***,we present a photon deceleration scheme for the efficient generation of ultrashort mid-IR or Thz pulses by using an intense driver laser pulse with a relatively short wavelength and a signal laser pulse with a relatively long *** signal pulse trails the driver pulse with an appropriate time delay such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubble that is driven by the driver *** to its relatively long wavelength,the signal pulse will be subjected to a large gradient of the refractive index in the plasma wake ***,the photon deceleration in the plasma wake becomes faster and more efficient for signal pulses with longer *** greatly enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon deceleration in the generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the long-wavelength IR and Thz spectral ranges.

关键词： laser ultrashort photon

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Data processing method for aerial testing of rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer

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Zhongguo Guanxing Jishu xuebao/Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology 2024年第8期32卷 743-752页

作者： Qian x. Tang h. Department of Electronic Engineering Jinan Vocational College Jinan 250103 China Jinan Key Laboratory of 5G+ Advanced Control Technology Jinan 250103 China School of Information Science and Engineering Qilu Normal University Jinan 250200 China

A novel method for noise removal from the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer (MAGG) is presented. It introduces a head-to-tail data expansion technique based on the zero-phase filtering principle. A scheme for determining band-pass filter parameters based on signal-to-noise ratio gain, smoothness index, and cross-correlation coefficient is designed using the Chebyshev optimal consistent approximation theory. Additionally, a wavelet denoising evaluation function is constructed, with the dmey wavelet basis function identified as most effective for processing gravity gradient data. The results of hard-in-the-loop simulation and prototype experiments show that the proposed processing method has shown a 14% improvement in the measurement variance of gravity gradient signals, and the measurement accuracy has reached within 4E, compared to other commonly used methods, which verifies that the proposed method effectively removes noise from the gradient signals, improved gravity gradiometry accuracy, and has certain technical insights for high-precision airborne gravity gradiometry. © 2024 Editorial Department of Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： airborne gravity gradiometer band-passing filter data processing evaluation function

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In situ TEM investigation of electron irradiation and aging-induced high-density nanoprecipitates in an Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1841-1853页

作者： M.Lv h.L.Ge Q.Q.Jin x.h.Shao Y.T.Zhou B.Zhang x.L.Ma Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Materials Science and Engineering Research Center Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou 545006China

In-situ electron irradiation and aging are applied to introduce high-density precipitates in an Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(GWZ1031K,wt.%)alloy to improve the *** results show that the hardness of the Mg alloy after irradiation for 10 h and aging for 9 h at 250℃ is 1.64 GPa,which is approximately 64% higher than that of the samples before being *** is mainly attributed to γ'precipitates on the basal plane after irradiation and the high-density nanoscale β'precipitates on the prismatic plane after aging,which should be closely related to the irradiation-induced homogenous *** latter plays a key role in precipitation *** result paves a way to improve the mechanical properties of metallic materials by tailoring the precipitation through irradiation and aging.

关键词： Mg alloy Electron beam irradiation hardening Precipitates In-situ TEM

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Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.h.Zhang h.Li Z.W.Yang x.Liu Q.F.Gu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of high-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(SMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its wide transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low-temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of SMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)SMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)were *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.Whereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further growth of stress-induced martensite variants(SIMVs),(001)compound twins are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation twinning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite twins are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite twins form in the specimen with a larger prestrain of 16%.With increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new SIMVs,the further growth of existing SIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated with the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy Wide transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution Shape memory behaviors Stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation twinning

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Spalling characteristics of high-temperature treated granitic rock at different strain rates

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1280-1288页

作者： L.F.Fan Q.h.Yang x.L.Du The Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

The dynamic spalling characteristics of rock are important for stability analysis in rock *** paper presented an experimental investigation on the dynamic spalling characteristics of granite with different temperatures and strain rates.A series of dynamic spalling tests with different impact velocities were conducted on thermally treated granite at different *** dynamic spalling strengths of granite with different temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model was proposed to correlate the dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain *** results show that the spalling strength of granite decreases with increasing ***,the spalling strength of granite with a higher strain rate is larger than that with a lower strain *** proposed model can describe the relationship among dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain rate.

关键词： Dynamic spalling characteristics high temperature Strain rate Dynamic loading Granite

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Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped hfO2 thin films

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ChINESE PhYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： chen, S. x. chen, M. M. Liu, Y. Cao, D. W. chen, G. J. Jiangsu Univ Dept Microelect Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Dept Phys Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Foshan Univ Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Joint Lab Intelligent Mi Foshan 528225 Peoples R China

Ferroelectric hfO2 has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. however, the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase (o-phase) hfO2 is less competitive, which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric hfO2 thin films. Fortunately, the crystallization of o-phase hfO2 can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress engineering. In this paper, the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped hfO2 (hfO2:Al) thin films on (111)-oriented Si substrate has been reported. Structural analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic hfO2:Al grown on (111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain, which promoted the crystallization of (111)-oriented o-phase hfO2 in the as-grown hfO2:Al thin films. In addition, the in-plane lattice of (111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of (111)-oriented o-phase hfO2, which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase hfO2. Accordingly, an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of 26.7 mu C/cm(2) has been obtained. The results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric hfO2 thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain hfO2 ThERMAL-ExPANSION

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Layer hall effect induced by hidden Berry curvature in antiferromagnetic insulators

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 15-23页

作者： Rui chen hai-Peng Sun Mingqiang Gu Chun-Bo hua Qihang Liu hai-Zhou Lu x.C.xie Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech) International Quantum Academy Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics University of Würzburg School of Electronic and Information Engineering Hubei University of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering International Center for Quantum Materials School of PhysicsPeking University Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The layer hall effect describes electrons spontaneously deflected to opposite sides at different layers, which has been experimentally reported in the MnBi2Te4thin films under perpendicular electric fields. here, we reveal a universal origin of the layer hall effect in terms of the so-called hidden Berry curvature, as well as material design principles. hence, it gives rise to zero Berry curvature in momentum space but non-zero layer-locked hidden Berry curvature in real space. We show that, compared to that of a trivial insulator, the layer hall effect is significantly enhanced in antiferromagnetic topological insulators. Our universal picture provides a paradigm for revealing the hidden physics as a result of the interplay between the global and local symmetries, and can be generalized in various scenarios.

关键词： layerhall effect hidden Berry curvature antiferromagnetic insulator axion insulator, quantum transport

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Screening and identification of salt tolerance soybean varieties and germplasms

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 204-210页

作者： chen L. Peng L. Ouyang W. Yao h. Ye Y. Shan Z. Cao D. chen S. Yang Z. huang Y. han B. Sha A. Zhou x. chen h. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China College of Agriculture Yangtze University Jingzhou 434000 China

Soil salinization is a globally prevalent abiotic environmental stress. The imbalance of ions caused by high concentrations of sodium chloride results in a 40% reduction in soybean yield. Soybean, as an important crop for soil quality improvement, necessitates the identification of salt-tolerant varieties and germplasms to effectively utilize and enhance saline-alkali land. In this study, we assessed the salt tolerance of 435 soybean varieties and germplasms during the seedling stage. Among them, Qihuang34, You2104, hongzhudou, Pamanheidou, and Osage exhibited grade 1 salt tolerance rates surpassing other tested materials. Furthermore, hongzhudou and Qihuang34 demonstrated higher salt tolerance during germination and emergence stages based on their elevated rates of emergence, salt tolerance index, chlorophyll content, and shoot fresh weights. Overall findings provide valuable resources for molecular breeding efforts aimed at developing salt-tolerant soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali soils. © 2024 the Oil Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences

关键词： Germination and emergence stage Germplasms Salt tolerance Seedling stage Soybean Varieties

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