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Integrating machine learning and genome editing for crop improvement

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 262-277页

作者： long chen Guanqing Liu Tao Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Genome editing is a promising technique that has been broadly utilized for basic gene function studies and trait ***,the exponential growth of computational power and big data now promote the application of machine learning for biological *** this regard,machine learning shows great potential in the refinement of genome editing systems and crop ***,we review the advances of machine learning to genome editing optimization,with emphasis placed on editing efficiency and specificity ***,we demonstrate how machine learning bridges genome editing and crop breeding,by accurate key site detection and guide RNA ***,we discuss the current challenges and prospects of these two techniques in crop *** integrating advanced genome editing techniques with machine learning,progress in crop breeding will be further accelerated in the future.

关键词： Machine learning Genome editing Crop improvement Molecular design breeding

Anchoring heterometallic cluster on P-doped carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation in water and air ambient

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 176-180页

作者： Chao-long chen Rong chen La-Sheng long Lan-Sun Zheng Xiang-Jian Kong Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Light-driven nitrogen fixation to produce ammonia is a green and economical technology of nitrogen reduction but is still quite challenging, especially in an air atmosphere without any sacrificial ***, we demonstrate efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation using water and air directly by loading lanthanide–transition metal(4f–3d) cluster NdCo_(3) on two-dimensional P-doped graphitic carbon nitrides(PCN) material surface. Benefiting from the increase in the number of nitrogen vacancies(NVs) and highly matched band gap structure and excellent hole trapping ability of clusters, the NdCo_(3)/PCN photocatalyst exhibits efficient nitrogen reduction activity with 371(in air) and 825 μmol h^(-1)g^(-1)(in pure nitrogen)without any sacrificial reagents. The introduction of potassium sulfate inhibits hydrogen production and promotes nitrogen reduction activation. This work suggests that anchoring precisely structured clusters on 2D materials may enhance photocatalytic nitrogen reduction under normal temperature and pressure.

关键词： Photocatalytic Nitrogen fixation 4f-3d Cluster Air atmosphere

Learning the imaging mechanism directly from optical microscopy observations

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 7-26页

作者： ZE-HAO WANG long-KUN SHAN TONG-TIAN WENG TIAN-long chen XIANG-DONG chen ZHANG-YANG WANG GUANG-CAN GUO FANG-WEN SUN CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78705USA Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

The optical microscopy image plays an important role in scientific research through the direct visualization of the nanoworld,where the imaging mechanism is described as the convolution of the point spread function(PSF)and *** on a priori knowledge of the PSF or equivalent PSF,it is possible to achieve more precise exploration of the ***,it is an outstanding challenge to directly extract the PSF from microscopy ***,with the help of self-supervised learning,we propose a physics-informed masked autoencoder(PiMAE)that enables a learnable estimation of the PSF and emitters directly from the raw microscopy *** demonstrate our method in synthetic data and real-world experiments with significant accuracy and noise *** outperforms DeepSTORM and the Richardson–Lucy algorithm in synthetic data tasks with an average improvement of 19.6%and 50.7%(35 tasks),respectively,as measured by the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)*** is achieved without prior knowledge of the PSF,in contrast to the supervised approach used by DeepSTORM and the known PSF assumption in the Richardson–Lucy *** method,PiMAE,provides a feasible scheme for achieving the hidden imaging mechanism in optical microscopy and has the potential to learn hidden mechanisms in many more systems.

关键词： optical emitter mechanism

Sustainable Mining in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 1-4页

作者： long chen Yuting Xie Yutong Wang Shirong Ge Fei-Yue Wang IEEE the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems at the Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition at the Institute of Automation and Waytous Ltd.China the School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina the School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering China University of Mining and Technology BeijingBejing 100083China the School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The mining sector historically drove the global economy but at the expense of severe environmental and health repercussions,posing sustainability challenges[1]-[3].Recent advancements on artificial intelligence(AI)are revolutionizing mining through robotic and data-driven innovations[4]-[7].While AI offers mining industry advantages,it is crucial to acknowledge the potential risks associated with its widespread ***-reliance on AI may lead to a loss of human control over mining operations in the future,resulting in unpredictable consequences.

关键词： Sustainable mining consequences

China’s Proactive Fiscal Policy

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China Economist 2024年第1期19卷 58-74页

作者： Xing Li chen long Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences BeijingChina

In contrast to the traditional Western approach to macro-fiscal management,China’s proactive fiscal policy is founded on a people-centered development philosophy and,with distinctive Chinese characteristics,is a significant policy innovation of macroeconomic management in the Chinese *** there are notable distinctions between the Western“Keynesian”and the“nonKeynesian”schools of thought,both of these approaches’core policy goals and methodological roots are the same,composing the traditional Western macro-fiscal *** approach faces increasing real ***’s proactive fiscal policy,however,places greater emphasis on future potential growth rates in addition to equilibrium between supply and demand,achieving a fiscal policy transformation with a new *** this paper we argue that with such a new approach,China should reconsider the nature and reasonable level of the fiscal deficit,the function and risk assessment criteria of government debt,the scope and effects of reductions in taxes and fees,its approach and focus of demand management,and the costs and resulting efficiencies of policies in order to develop a new fiscal policy paradigm that is more in line with its stated goals.

关键词： Proactive fiscal policy fiscal approach potential growth rate

LLTH‑YOLOv5:A Real‑Time Traffic Sign Detection Algorithm for Low‑Light Scenes

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 121-137页

作者： Xiaoqiang Sun Kuankuan Liu long chen Yingfeng Cai Hai Wang Automotive Engineering Research Institute Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Traffic sign detection is a crucial task for autonomous driving ***,the performance of deep learning-based algorithms for traffic sign detection is highly affected by the illumination conditions of *** existing algo-rithms demonstrate high accuracy in well-lit environments,they suffer from low accuracy in low-light *** paper proposes an end-to-end framework,LLTH-YOLOv5,specifically tailored for traffic sign detection in low-light scenarios,which enhances the input images to improve the detection *** proposed framework comproses two stages:the low-light enhancement stage and the object detection *** the low-light enhancement stage,a lightweight low-light enhancement network is designed,which uses multiple non-reference loss functions for parameter learning,and enhances the image by pixel-level adjustment of the input image with high-order *** the object detection stage,BIFPN is introduced to replace the PANet of YOLOv5,while designing a transformer-based detection head to improve the accuracy of small target ***,GhostDarkNet53 is utilized based on Ghost module to replace the backbone network of YOLOv5,thereby improving the real-time performance of the *** experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of traffic sign detection in low-light scenarios,while satisfying the real-time requirements of autonomous driving.

关键词： Deep learning Traffic sign detection Low-light enhancement YOLOv5 Object detection

Phase deviation of semi-active suspension control and its compensation with inertial suspension

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第6期40卷 141-153页

作者： Yi Yang Changning Liu long chen Xiaoliang Zhang School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering(Automotive Engineering Research Institute) Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

The performance of vehicle suspension is evaluated based on three conflicting indexes:body acceleration,suspension deflection,and dynamic tire load,which vary across different frequency *** suspension control strategy faces the challenge to strike a balance among these *** research analyzes the fundamental mechanism of control phase deviation effects on skyhook damper control,groundhook damper control,and acceleration drive damper *** the perspective of complex domain mechanical impedance with the support of the inertial suspension,a structure-based compensation approach is proposed to address for the control phase *** simulation analysis demonstrates that the coordination of inertial suspension structure and control strategy can effectively enhance the comprehensive suspension performance across entire frequency ***,a semi-active inertial suspension bench is *** experimental results indicate that the suspension with the semi-active inertial suspension has outstanding vibration isolation ability,and enhances the suspension performance at ride comfort,suspension deflection,and road friendly significantly.

关键词： Vibration isolation Vibration control Phase deviation Control compensation Semi-active suspension

Application of Isogeometric Analysis Method in Three-Dimensional Gear Contact Analysis

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 817-846页

作者： long chen Yan Yu Yanpeng Shang Zhonghou Wang Jing Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Zhejiang Fine-Motion Robot Joint Technology Co. Ltd.Taizhou317600China

Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to *** isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this *** this paper,a threedimensional body parametric gear model of IGA is established,and a theoretical formula is derived to realize single-tooth contact *** were benchmarked against those obtained from commercial software utilizing the finite element analysis(FEA)method to validate the accuracy of our *** findings indicate that the IGA-based contact algorithmsuccessfullymet theHertz contact *** juxtaposed with the FEA approach,the IGAmethod demonstrated fewer node degrees of freedomand reduced computational units,all whilemaintaining comparable ***,the IGA method appeared to exhibit consistency in analysis accuracy irrespective of computational unit density,and also significantlymitigated non-physical oscillations in contact stress across the tooth *** underscores the prowess of IGA in contact *** conclusion,IGA emerges as a potent tool for addressing contact analysis challenges and holds significant promise for 3D gear modeling,simulation,and optimization of various mechanical components.

关键词： Contact analysis involute gear isogeometric analysis finite element analysis

Assembly of highly efficient aqueous light-harvesting system from sequence-defined peptoids for cytosolic microRNA detection

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 788-796页

作者： Yang Song Xiaoli Cai Mingming Wang Dan Du Yuehe Lin Chun-long chen Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Division of Physical Sciences Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Precisely controlled spatial distributions of artificial light-harvesting systems in aqueous media are of significant importance for mimicking natural light-harvesting systems;however,they are often restrained by the solubility and the aggregation-caused quenching effect of the hydrophobic ***,we report one highly efficient artificial light-harvesting system based on peptoid nanotubes that mimic the hierarchical cylindrical structure of natural *** high crystallinity of these nanotubes enabled the organization of arrays of donor chromophores with precisely controlled spatial distributions,favoring an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process in aqueous *** FRET system exhibits an extremely high efficiency of 98.6%with a fluorescence quantum yield of 40%and an antenna effect of *** further demonstrated the use of this artificial light-harvesting system for quantifying miR-210 within cancer *** fluorescence intensity ratio of donor to acceptor is linearly related to the concentration of intercellular miR-210 in the range of 3.3–156 copies/*** high sensitivity in intracellular detection of miR-210 using this artificial light-harvesting system offers a great opportunity and pathways for biological imaging and detection,and for the further creation of microRNA(miRNA)toolbox for quantitative epigenetics and personalized medicine.

关键词： light-harvesting peptoid nanotube Förster resonance energy transfer intracellular RNA detection