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Novel pharmacological therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with established cardiovascular disease: Current evidence

World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第5期10卷 291-303页

作者： Leonardo Pozo Fatimah Bello Andres Suarez Francisco E Ochoa-Martinez Yamely Mendez chelsea h chang Salim Surani University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Doctors hospital at Renaissance Internal Medicine Residency Program Faculty of Medicine Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonUniversity Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González" Faculty of Medicine "Dr. Alberto Romo Caballero" Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas Medical Critical Care Services Christus Spohn Hospitals-Corpus Christi

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the world and in most developed countries. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)suffer from both microvascular and macrovascular diseases and therefore have higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to those without T2DM. If current trends continue, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 1 in 3 Americans will have T2DM by year 2050. As a consequence of the controversy surrounding rosiglitazone and the increasing prevalence of diabetes and CVDs, in 2008 the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) established new expectations for the evaluation of new antidiabetic agents, advising for pre and,in some cases, post-marketing data on major cardiovascular events. As a direct consequence, there has been a paradigm shift in new antidiabetic agents that has given birth to the recently published American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus statement recommending sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2i) and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA) in patients with T2DM and established CVD. As a result of over a decade of randomized placebo controlled cardiovascular outcome trials, the aforementioned drugs have received FDA approval for risk reduction of cardiovascular(CV) events in patients with T2DM and established CV ***2i have been shown to have a stronger benefit in patients with congestiveheart failure and diabetic kidney disease when compared to their GLP-1RA counterparts. These benefits are not withstanding additional considerations such as cost and the multiple FDA Black Box warnings. This topic is currently an emerging research area and this mini-review paper examines the role of these two novel classes of drugs in patients with T2DM with both confirmed, and at risk for, CVD.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Glucagon-like-peptide 1 agonists Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor Cardiovascular disease Major adverse cardiovascular event

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Tropical cyclogenesis:Controlling factors and physical mechanisms

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第3期12卷 165-181页

作者： V.P.M.Rajasree Xi Cao hamish Ramsay Kelly M.Nú~nez Ocasio Gerard Kilroy George R.Alvey III Minhee chang Chaehyeon chelsea Nam hironori Fudeyasu hsu-Feng Teng hui Yu India Meteorological Department GoaIndia Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina CSIRO EnvironmentAspendaleVictoriaAustralia National Center for Atmospheric Research ColoradoUSA Institut f¨ur Physik der Atmosph¨are Deutsches Zentrum f¨ur Luft-undBerlinGermany Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/hurricane Research Division MiamiFloridaUSA Korea Institute of Science and Technology SeoulRepublic of Korea Colorado State University ColoradoUSA Yokohama National University YokohamaJapan National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pacific Science Association ColoradoUSA Shanghai Typhoon Institute/China Meteorological Administration ShanghaiChina

In this review,advances in the understanding of the controlling factors and physical mechanisms of tropical cyclogenesis(TCG)are summarized from recent(2018–2022)research on TCG,as presented in the Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10).Observational,theoretical,and numerical modeling studies published in recent years have advanced our knowledge on the influence of large-scale environmental factors on ***,studies have shown clearly that appropriate convective coupling with tropical equatorial waves enhances the development chances of *** recently,illuminating research has been carried out on analyzing the mechanisms by which oscillations and teleconnections(El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation(ENSO)in particular)modulate TCG globally,in association with changes in the sea surface temperature(SST).In addition to this,recent research has diligently addressed different aspects of *** studies have reported the applicability of unified theories and physical mechanisms of TCG in different ocean ***,research has been carried out on TCG under different flow pattern regimes,dry air intrusion,importance of marsupial pouch,genesis of Medicanes,wind shear,convection and vertical ***,studies have discussed the possibility of near equatorial TCG provided that there is enough supply of background vertical vorticity and relatively low vertical wind *** has been made to understand the role of climate change on global and regional ***,there are still significant gaps which need to be addressed in order to better understand TCG prediction.

关键词： Tropical cyclogenesis AEW ENSO SST Marsupial pouch Dry air intrusion Moderate shear Convection Near equatorial TCG Climate change

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Expert consensus on difficult airway assessment

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hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第4期12卷 545-566页

作者： Ming Xia Wuhua Ma Mingzhang Zuo Xiaoming Deng Fushan Xue Denise Battaglini Vivek Aggarwal Giustino Varrassi Vladimir Cerny Ida Di Giacinto Rita Cataldo Daqing Ma Toru Yamamoto Martina Rekatsina Alessandro De Cassai Andrea Carsetti Marvin G.chang Edwin Seet Daniel P.Davis Michael G.Irwin Yuguang huang hong Jiang Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina Department of Anaesthesiology Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina Department of Anesthesiology Plastic Surgery HospitalCAMS and PUMCBeijingChina Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Anesthesia and Intensive Care San Martino Policlinico HospitalIRCCS for Oncology and NeuroscienceGenoaItaly Department of Conservative Dentistry&Endodontics Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia Paolo Procacci Foundation RomaItaly Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Hradec KraloveHradec KraloveCzech Republic Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Mazzoni HospitalAscoli PicenoItaly Unit of Anaesthesia Intensive Care and Pain ManagementDepartment of MedicineUniversitàCampus Bio-Medico of RomeRomaItaly Division of Anaesthetics Pain Medicine&Intensive CareDepartment of Surgery&CancerFaculty of MedicineImperial College Londonand Chelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUK Division of Dental Anesthesiology Graduate School of Medicine and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan Department of Anaesthesiology National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit University Hospital of PaduaPaduaItaly Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public health UniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle MarcheAnconaItaly Department of Anesthesia Critical Careand Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Department of Anaesthesia Yong Loo Lin School of Medic

Background:Identifying a potentially difficult airway is crucial both in anaesthesia in the operating room(OR)and non-operation room *** are no guidelines or expert consensus focused on the assessment of the difficult airway before,so this expert consensus is developed to provide guidance for airway assessment,making this process more standardized and accurate to reduce airway-related complications and improve ***:Seven members from the Airway Management Group of the Chinese Society of Anaesthesiology(CSA)met to discuss the first draft and then this was sent to 15 international experts for review,comment,and *** Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)is used to determine the level of evidence and grade the strength of *** recommendations were revised through a three-round Delphi survey from ***:This expert consensus provides a comprehensive approach to airway assessment based on the medical history,physical examination,comprehensive scores,imaging,and new developments including transnasal endoscopy,virtual laryngoscopy,and 3D *** addition,this consensus also reviews some new technologies currently under development such as prediction from facial images and voice information with the aim of proposing new research directions for the assessment of difficult ***:This consensus applies to anesthesiologists,critical care,and emergency physicians refining the preoperative airway assessment and preparing an appropriate intubation strategy for patients with a potentially difficult airway.

关键词： Expert consensus difficult airway airway management

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Medium-term mortality after hip fractures and COVID-19:A prospective multicentre UK study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第3期25卷 161-165页

作者： Gareth Chan Ashish Narang Arash Aframian Zaid Ali Joseph Bridgeman Alastair Carr Laura Chapman henry Goodier Catrin Morgan chang Park Sarah Sexton Kapil Sugand Thomas Walton Michael Wilson Ajay Belgaumkar Kieran Gallagher Koushik Ghosh Charles Gibbons Joshua Jacob Andrew Keightley Zuhair Nawaz Khaled Sarraf Christopher Wakeling William Kieffer Benedict Rogers Brighton&Sussex University hospitals NhS Trust Brighton&Sussex Medical SchoolFainter CampusBrighton UK Surrey&Sussex healthcare NhS Trust Canada&venueRedhillUK chelsea&Westminster hospital NhS Foundation Trust LondonUK Ashford&St frier's Hospital NHS Foundation TrustChertseyUK Western Sussex hospitals NhS Foundation Trust(Sr Richard's Hospital)ChichesterUK Poole General hospital&the Royal Bournemouth hospital froleUK Imperial College healthcare NhS Trust LondonUK Western Sussex hospitals NhS Foundation Trust(Worthing hospital) WorthingUK Royal Surrey hospital NhS Foundation Trust GuildfordUK Frimley health NhS Foundation Trust FrimleyUK

Purpose:The COVID-19 pandemic has caused 1.4 million deaths globally and is associated with a 3-4 times increase in 30-day mortality after a fragility hip fracture with concurrent COVID-19 ***,death from COVID-19 infection occurs between 15 and 22 days after the onset of symptoms,but this period can extend up to 8 *** study aimed to assess the impact of concurrent COVID-19 infection on 120-day mortality after a fragility hip ***:A multi-centre prospective study across 10 hospitals treating 8%of the annual burden of hip fractures in England between 1st March and 30th April,2020 was *** whose surgical treatment was payable through the National health Service Best Practice Tariff mechanism for"fragility hip fractures"were included in the ***'120-day mortality was assessed relative to their perioperative COVID-19 *** analysis was performed using SPSS version ***:A total of 746 patients were included in this study,of which 87(11.7%)were COVID-19 *** rates at 30-and 120-day were significantly higher for COVID-19 positive patients relative to COVID-19 negative patients(phowever,mortality rates between 31 and 120-day were not significantly different(p=0.107),16.1%and 9.4%respectively for COVID-19 positive and negative patients,odds ratio 1.855(95%CI 0.865-3.978).Conclusion:hip fracture patients with concurrent COVID-19 infection,provided that they are alive at day-31 after injury,have no significant difference in 120-day *** the growing awareness and concern of "long-COVID"and its widespread prevalence,this does not appear to increase mediumterm mortality rates after a hip fracture.

关键词： hip fractures Femoral fractures COVID-19 Coronavirus Mortality

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