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Two Poplar Glycosyltransferase Genes, PdGATL 1.1 and PdGATL1.2, Are Functional Orthologs to PARVUS/AtGATL 1 in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1040-1050页

作者： Yingzhen Kong Gongke Zhou Utku Avci Xiaogang Gu chelsea jones Yanbin Yin Ying Xu Michael G. Hahn Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA BioEnergy Science Center The University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA Computational System Biology Lab Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Several genes in Arabidopsis, including PARVUS/AtGATL1, have been implicated in xylan synthesis. However, the biosynthesis of xylan in woody plants, where this polysaccharide is a major component of wood, is poorly understood. Here, we characterize two Populus genes, PdGATL 1.1 and PdGATL 1.2, the closest orthologs to the Arabidopsis PARVUS/GATL1 gene, with respect to their gene expression in poplar, their sub-cellular localization, and their ability to complement the parvus mutation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of the two poplar genes in the parvus mutant rescued most of the defects caused by the parvus mutation, including morphological changes, collapsed xylem, and altered cell wall monosaccharide composition. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that PdGATL1.1 is expressed most strongly in developing xylem of poplar. In contrast, PdGATL1.2 is expressed much more uniformly in leaf, shoot tip, cortex, phloem, and xylem, and the transcript level of PdGATL1.2 is much lower than that of PdGATL 1.1 in all tissues examined. Sub-cellular localization experiments showed that these two proteins are localized to both ER and Golgi in comparison with marker proteins resident to these sub-cellular compartments. Our data indicate that PdGATLI.1 and PdGATL1.2 are functional orthologs of PARVUS/ GATL1 and can play a role in xylan synthesis, but may also have role（s） in the synthesis of other wall polymers.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana poplar xylan glycosyltransferase.

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A chemical ecological investigation of the allelopathic potential of <i>Lamium amplexicaule</i>and <i>Lamium purpureum</i>

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Open Journal of Ecology 2012年第4期2卷 167-177页

作者： chelsea D. jones Katherine E. Woods William N. Setzer Department of Chemistry University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville USA

The overall goal of the project was to test the hypothesis that Lamium amplexicaule and Lamium purpureum, weedy invasive species to North America, use phytotoxic allelochemicals in interplant competition. The chemical compositions of the essential oils from the aerial parts of L. amplexicaule and L. purpureum have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils and several essential oil components have been screened for phytotoxic activity on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as well as nematocidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans, brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality, and insecticidal activity against the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta × richteri). L. amplexicaule essential oil was composed largely of α-pinene, β- pinene, 1-octen-3-ol, (E)-caryophyllene, and germacrene D, while L. purpureum oil was dominated by α-pinene, β-pinene, 1-octen-3-ol, β-elemene, and germacrene D. Neither essential oil exhibited notable phytotoxicity or lethality against nema-todes, brine shrimp, or fire ants. It is unlikely, therefore, that the allelopathy observed in these Lamium species is due to volatile phytochemical constituents.

关键词： Allelopathy Essential Oil Composition Lamium amplexicaule Lamium purpureum

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