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Incidence of the African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM), Orseolia oryzivora H. &G. in Relation with Period of Rice Transplanting in the Kou Valley, Burkina Faso

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第2期4卷 97-103页

作者： Karim Sama Souleymane Nacro cheikh thiaw Dona Dakouo Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnementet de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Cheick Anta Diop Dakar Fann Sénégal

The African Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzivora H. & G., is an important insect pest recorded in 20 countries in Sub-Sahara Africa. In Burkina Faso, the insect pest particularly prevails in Western and South-Western of the country where both biotic and abiotic conditions favor its development. The insect pest can damage up to 60% of rice tillers in Western Burkina Faso. A study was conducted during the 2011 wet season in the Kou Valley, located 25 km North-West of Bobo-Dioulas- so, Western Burkina Faso. Its objective was to evaluate the damage of this insect pest in farmers’ fields in relation with rice transplanting periods. The Kou Valley rice scheme, 1200 ha, was divided into two zones within which 48 farmers’ fields were randomly selected in relation with rice transplanting periods: P1: 1st period;P2: 2nd period and P3: 3rd period;that is 16 fields per period. Both agronomic and entomological evaluations were performed each week starting from the 21th day after transplanting (DAT) up to 84 DAT. Results showed that the highest average damage level (16% of galls) was recorded in the 3rd transplanting period. The highest larval and pupal parasitism was recorded in P3 at 84 DAT. Pupal parasitism due to Aprostocetus procerae Risbec was higher than larval parasitism due to Platygaster diplosisae Risbec. Lastly, the lowest yield (4.78 t/ha) was recorded in P3. These results can be used in the implementation of an integrated pest management strategy for this insect pest in the Kou Valley.

关键词： Orseolia oryzivora Transplanting Period Gall Parasitism Aprostocetus procerae Platygaster diplosisae Burkina Faso

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Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Losses on Millet and White Rice in Storage Grains Caused by Corcyra cephalonica(Stainton) in Senegal

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Advances in Entomology 2021年第1期9卷 30-43页

作者： Mamadou LO Toffène Diome cheikh thiaw Mbacké Sembene Genetics and Population Management Team Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal UFR Sciences and Techniques in Agronomy and Vegetable Production (STAPV) University of Sine Saloum El-Hadji Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN) Sing-Sing Kaolack Senegal

In Senegal, millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and rice (Oryza sativa (L., 1753)) are the most widely consumed foods. This study is part of improving the conservation of these two cereals in Senegal by assessing the quantitative and qualitative losses caused by a lepidopteran, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) subservient to millet and rice stocks. For this purpose, samples of millet and rice from an area of the center of the groundnut basin (Diourbel) were collected, sterilized in the cold and infected with C. cephalonica eggs from the same locality. These infected samples were tracked during a development period of two successive generations. The samples were scrutinized before being infected and after a larval cycle of codling moth. The results showed that rice grains are richer in water (10.75% ± 0.4249%, on average) than millet (9.40% ± 0.3944%, on average) and the difference in rank is very significant (p-value = 0.0001 Moreover, the attack percentage on millet grains is three times higher (36.31% ± 25.18%) than rice (12.95% ± 6.69%) with a non-significant difference (p-value =

关键词： Millet Rice C. cephalonica Attack Percentage Loss Percentage

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Interspecific Competition and Grain-Hosts Selection of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais(Motsch.) (Coleoptera;Dryophtoridae) and Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus(Horn) (Coleoptera;Bostrichidae)

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Advances in Entomology 2020年第1期8卷 34-45页

作者： Déthié Ngom cheikh thiaw MbackéSembène Laboratory of Entomology and Acarology Department of Animal BiologySciences and Technics FacultyCheikh Anta DIOP UniversityDakarSenegal University El-Hâdj Ibrahima NIASS of Sine Saloum(USSEIN) KaolackSenegal Biology Laboratory of Sahelo-Sudanese Animal Populations(BIOPASS)-Research Institute for Development(IRD) DakarSenegal

Laboratory interspecific competition and grain-hosts selection experiments involving maize weevil (MW), Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) and larger grain borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) were performed under ambient temperature and relative humidity (25°C - 35°C and 70% - 80% relative humidity) in their major host cereal, maize grains. The species reproductive rate and grain-hosts preference were evaluated by a number of emerged adults. In combined infestation, both species competed intensively by simultaneously increasing their individuals’ emergence, 9-fold or greater than when reared alone. Even though both species simultaneously increased their progeny, S. zeamais was the dominant competitor and had a significant suppressant effect on P. truncatus. The selection result of grain-hosts showed that P. truncatus placed in the environment containing both uninfested maize grains and grains previously infested by S. zeamais, the insect prefers uninfested grains. Indeed, P. truncatus individuals’ emergences were significantly more important to uninfested grains than to infested grains. The weevil-infested grains seemed to have deterrent and detrimental effects on P. truncatus. Conversely, S. zeamais selection of grain-hosts was significantly (P = 0.0001) more attracted by P. truncatus infested grains than to uninfested grains. Sitophilus zeamais individuals’ emergences were significantly (P = 0.0008) more important to infested grains than to uninfested grains. The S. zeamais preference on grains previously infested would be stimulated by P. truncatus larval vibrations in grain.

关键词： Prostephanus truncatus Sitophilus zeamais Interspecific Competition Grain-Hosts Selection Deterrent Effect

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n+-p-p+Silicon Solar Cell Base Optimum Thickness Determination under Magnetic Field

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2020年第7期12卷 103-113页

作者： cheikh thiaw Mamadou Lamine Ba Mamour Amadou Ba Gora Diop Ibrahima Diatta Mor Ndiaye Gregoire Sissoko Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Physics Department Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Base optimum thickness is determined for a front illuminated bifacial silicon solar cell n+-p-p+ under magnetic field. From the magneto transport equation relative to excess minority carriers in the base, with specific boundary conditions, the photocurrent is obtained. From this result the expressions of the carrier’s recombination velocity at the back surface are deducted. These new expressions of recombination velocity are plotted according to the depth of the base, to deduce the optimum thickness, which will allow the production, of a high short-circuit photocurrent. Calibration relationships of optimum thickness versus magnetic field were presented according to study ranges. It is found that, applied magnetic field imposes a weak thickness material for solar cell manufacturing leading to high short-circuit current.

关键词： Silicon Solar Cell Magnetotransport Surface Recombination Velocity Base Thickness

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Ambulatory Radio Iodine Therapy in the Management of Hyperthyroidism in Africa: African Systematic Review and Perspectives in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Ki Thierry Romuald Mamadou Salif Djigo Gora thiaw Arsène Sanou Mamounata Zoungrana Mamadou Mbodj Nuclear Medicine Department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center in Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of the cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Radiology Departement of the Bobo Dioulasso University Hospital Center in Bobo Dioulasso Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: In hyperthyroidism, selective irradiation of the thyroid gland with radioactive iodine is a radical treatment and an alternative to surgery. The aim of this review is to assess the medium-term efficacy of outpatient treatment of hyperthyroidism with iodine-131 in Africa. Methods: We identified the studies carried out in Africa on outpatient radiation therapy between 2016 and 2020. For each article included, we noted the country concerned and the year of publication, the numbers studied, the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, the indications for radio iodine therapy, the dose administered, the results of the hormonal dosage 6 months after radiation. Results: 13 retrospective studies were included to constitute a total population of 925 patients. The average age was 40.77 years, the sex ratio of 1/5.4 with a clear female predominance. The 3 main etiologies of hyperthyroidism justifying outpatient radio iodine therapy were Graves’ disease (55.89%), toxic multinodular goiter (22.70%) and toxic adenoma (21.40%). The average dose of iodine 131 administered per course is 13.7 mCi. No short-and medium-term complications were reported. The radio iodine therapy was effective in 86.08% (n = 796) of the patients with extremes of 72% and 100%. Conclusion: Radio iodine therapy is effective in Africa. It is simple, inexpensive on an outpatient basis and well tolerated. The introduction of outpatient radio iodine therapy could improve the management of patients with hyperthyroidism in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Hyperthyroidism Outpatient Radio Iodine Therapy Africa

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Contribution of Bone Scintigraphy in the Metastatic Extension Assessment of Prostate Cancer: A Study of 288 Cases in the Nuclear Medicine Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital, Dakar

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第2期14卷 79-98页

作者： El Hadji Amadou Lamine Bathily Ousseynou Diop Mamoudou Salif Djigo Gora thiaw Kalidou Gueye Mohamed Chekhma Olatounde Herbert Fachinan Boucar Ndong Omar Ndoye Mamadou Mbodj Department of Nuclear Medicine Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (HOGIP) Dakar Senegal Biophysical Laboratory FMPO Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) Dakar Senegal Department of Nuclear Medicine Hospital Dalal Jamm Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Since the advent of screening methods such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) assay, digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate biopsy, its incidence has increased significantly. The aim of our study was to analyse aspects of bone scintigraphy (BS) as part of the metastatic extension assessment of prostate cancer in Senegal. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study, running from January 1er 2022 to August 31 2023. Patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were included. Whole-body scans (WBS) were performed using a dual-head SPECT gamma camera (Mediso Nucline TM Spirit DH-V type), 3 hours after intravenous injection of 8 MBq/kg (555 to 740 MBq) of 99mTc-HMDP. Results: A total of 288 patients with a mean age of 68.37 ± 7.79 years were included. The median total PSA level was 97.6 ng/ml, with 144 patients having a level greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml. All patients had adenocarcinoma, and the Gleason score was available in 202 (70.13%) patients, 75.75% of whom had a score greater than or equal to 7. BS was contributory in 70.48% of cases, with 30.90% positive and 39.58% negative. The result was inconclusive in 85 patients (29.51%). The mean PSA for patients with a positive scan was 190.2 ng/ml and 40.6 ng/ml for those with a negative scan. Multiple metastatic lesions predominated (87.35% of cases). Metastatic lesions occurred preferentially in the axial skeleton, with a proportion of 68% versus 32% in the appendicular skeleton. Classification of bone metastases according to the SOLOWAY score revealed grade I (62.07%), grade II (35.63%) and grade IV (2.30%). Conclusion: In Senegal, prostate cancer is generally diagnosed in men of advanced age. The presence of bone metastases is frequent in its evolution, transforming a curable localized disease into a g

关键词： Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Bone Scintigraphy Senegal

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Contribution of Bone Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of a Case of SAPHO in the Nuclear Medicine Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (Dakar, Senegal)

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2024年第1期14卷 1-9页

作者： El Hadji Amadou Lamine Bathily Kalidou Gueye Serigne Moussa Badiane Mamoudou Salif Djigo Gora thiaw Ousseynou Diop Olatounde Herbert Fachinan Papa Mady Sy Alfonse Rodrigue Djiboune Kokou Fofo Toussaint Adambounou Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf Boucar Ndong Gora Mbaye Omar Ndoye Mounibé Diarra Mamadou Mbodj Nuclear Medicine Department Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (HOGIP) Dakar Senegal Biophysical Laboratory FMPO Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) Dakar Senegal Biophysical Laboratory UFR2S Gaston Berger University (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal Nuclear Medicine Department Hospital Dalal Jamm Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Physical and Pharmaceutical Biophysics FMPO Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Biophysical Laboratory University of Lome Lome Togo

Introduction: The acronym SAPHO (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis) is a syndrome combining osteoarticular and cutaneous manifestations. It occurs mainly between the ages of 30 and 50. Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is one of the main distinguishing features. We report a case of SAPHO in Dakar diagnosed by bone scintigraphy. Observation: 28-year-old Senegalese women presented with left shoulder pain and relative functional impotence for over 2 years. Examination revealed right sternoclavicular hyperostosis and left shoulder pain on palpation. Questioning revealed a history of acne and hyperostosis of the right first toe. Bone scintigraphy, performed after injection of 630 MBq of 99mTc-HMDP, revealed: hyperfixation of the bilateral (right++) manubrio-sternal and sternoclavicular junction, producing the classic bull’s horn image;hyperfixation of the left shoulder with an inflammatory appearance;hyperfixation of the sacroiliac joints suggestive of bilateral sacroiliitis;hyperfixation of the right first toe;two mandibular hyper fixations probably related to dental damage. This scintigraphic appearance in one was strongly suggestive of SAPHO syndrome. Conclusion: SAPHO syndrome, related to spondyloarthropathy, associates cutaneous and osteoarticular signs. It is characterized by frequent delays in diagnosis due to poor recognition. Soy is an invaluable diagnostic tool, enabling us to assess the extent of the disease and its evolution.

关键词： SAPHO Bone Scintigraphy Young Woman Senegalese

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Iodine 131 Treatment in Graves’ Disease in a West African Country: Preliminary Study about 25 Cases in Senegal

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第1期14卷 56-72页

作者： El Hadji Amadou Lamine Bathily Serigne Moussa Badiane Mamoudou Salif Djigo Gora thiaw Kalidou Gueye Ousseynou Diop Boucar Ndong Kokou Fofo Toussaint Adambounou Alphonse Rodrigue Djiboune Papa Mady Sy Mamadou Soumbounou Mohamed Chekhma Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf Gora Mbaye Omar Ndoye Mounibé Diarra Mamadou Mbodj Nuclear Medicine Department General Hospital of Idrissa Pouye (HOGIP) Dakar Senegal Biophysical Laboratory Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) Dakar Senegal Biophysical Laboratory Gaston Berger University (UGB) Saint-Louis Nuclear Medicine Department Hospital Dalal Jamm Dakar Senegal Biophysical Laboratory University of Lome Lome Togo Laboratory of Physical and Pharmaceutical Biophysics Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Its treatment uses synthetic antithyroid drugs but the use of aggressive radical therapy such as surgery or non-aggressive therapy such as iodine-131 is not uncommon. Treatment of Graves’ disease with radioactive iodine or iratherapy is a simple, inexpensive, well-tolerated treatment. It was introduced in Senegal in 2016. We report through this work the preliminary assessment of the only nuclear medicine service in Senegal in the management of Graves’ disease by iodine-131. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of the first cases of Graves’ disease treated with iratherapy in Senegal. Socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects were studied. Radiation protection rules have been implemented and contraception has been effective for six months in women of childbearing age. Results: 25 patients were collected with a mean age of 45 years, twenty women (80%), a family goiter in 24% and a psycho-affective context in 64% of cases. Thyrotoxicosis syndrome was associated with goiter in 68% of patients and exophthalmos in 64%. Thyroid ultrasound performed in 20 patients showed vascular goiter in 80% and thyroid scintigraphy in 3 patients, homogeneous and diffuse hyperfixation. TRAK dosed in 8 patients was still positive. All patients had received first-line medical treatment. The average duration of this treatment was more than 18 months in 92%. The empirically used iodine-131 activity averaged 15.35 mCi. Oral corticosteroid therapy was prescribed in 7 patients for the prevention of malignant orbitopathy. No early side effects were noted. The remission rate at 3 months was 52% and at 6 months was 88% to 92%. Conclusion: The effectiveness of radioactive iodine, in particular ablative doses in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, is no longer to be demonstrated. Taking into account our socioeconomic context, iratherapy should be a treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism

关键词： Graves’ Disease Iratherapy Iodine-131 Senegal

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A Junction Electric Field Determination of a Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell under a Constant Magnetic Field Effect by Using the Photoconductivity Method

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Journal of Modern Physics 2021年第5期12卷 635-645页

作者： Amadou Diao Bada thiaw Mountaga Boiro Senghane Mbodji Gregoire Sissoko Semiconductors and Solar Energy Laboratory Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Research Team in Renewable Energies Materials and Laser Alioune Diop University Bambey Senegal

In this work, a theory based on the steady photoconductivity method, of a bifacial silicon solar cell under polychromatic illumination and a magnetic field effect, is presented. The resolution of the continuity equation in the base of the solar cell, allowed us to establish the expression of the minority carriers’ density from which the photoconductivity, the photocurrent density, the photovoltage and the solar output power as function of the junction recombination velocity and the applied magnetic field, were deduced. From I-V and P-V characteristics of the solar cell, optimal photovoltage and optimal photocurrent obtained at the maximum power point corresponding to a given operating point which is correlated to an optimal junction recombination velocity, were determined according to the magnetic field. By means of the relation between the photocurrent density and the photoconductivity, the junction electric field has been determined at a given optimal junction recombination velocity.

关键词： Bifacial Solar Cell Photoconductivity Junction Recombination Velocity Magnetic Field Electric Field

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Comparative Characteristics of Hydrated Lime with Fine Sewage Sludge Ash (FSSA) and Coal Fly Ash (CFA)

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2022年第5期10卷 446-459页

作者： Mamoudou Sall Abdou Ciss Wade Gora Dieye Alassane Traoré Prince Momar Gueye Prince Momar Gueye Saliou Diouf Déthié thiaw Khalifa Ababacar Diop Djibril Diop Laboratory of X-Ray Department of Physic Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Institute of Applied Nuclear Technology Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Civil Engineering Materials High Polytechnic School University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The disposal of waste has become an environmental issue due to the limited available landfilling space. This paper aims to compare the characteristics of hydrated lime with fine sewage sludge ash (FSSA) and coal fly ash (CFA). Multiple techniques, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), compressive strengths, thermophysical properties, and setting time were used to assess the physicochemical characteristics of the lime-based materials. X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the chemical composition and phases of ashes, lime and binders. The results showed that the chemical composition of ashes is similar to that of cement. Besides glass, the main minerals identified in CFA and FSSA are quartz (SiO2) and anhydrite (CaSO4). Moreover, calcium aluminium oxide (Ca3Al2O6) was detected for CFA and phosphorus calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2) for FSSA and minor phases were detected for both. FTIR measurements were carried out to characterize the inorganics components of different samples. Compressive strengths of mortars with different formulations have shown that both have a long-term positive effect which might be related to a pozzolanic activity. For the CFA the L3 binder consisting of 60% of coal fly ash and 40% lime has a higher compressive strength than the others while for the FSSA the L4 binder consisting of 80% fine ash and 20% lime has a higher compressive strength than the others. Both binders setting start times are greater than that of cement but shorter than that of lime. The study of the thermophysical properties of binders shows that they have a higher thermal resistance than cement mortar. Moreover, binders heat up less quickly because of their low effusivity compared to cement. Lime-based materials system could be a promising option to both relieve t

关键词： Coal Fly Ash Fine Sewage Sludge Ash Lime Binder Microstructure Thermomechanical Behavior

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