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Restoration or Rehabilitation of the Faleme River Affected by Mining Activities: What Methods?

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 233-263页

作者： Mor diop Ibrahima Mall Elhadji Mamadou Sonko Tidiane diop Birane Niane cheikh Mbow Environmental Sciences Institute (ISE) Cheikh Anta Diop university of Dakar Dakar Senegal Higher School of Mines Geology and Environment Amadou Mahtar Mbow University of Diamniadio (UAM) Dakar Senegal Department of Chemical Cheikh Anta Diop university of Dakar Dakar Senegal Departmentof Engineering Sciences Iba Der Thiam University of Thi&#232s Thi&#232s Senegal

The Faleme River, a West Africa long transboundary stream (625 km) and abundant flow (>1100 million m3) is affected by severe erosion because of mining activities that takes place throughout the riverbed. To preserve this important watercourse and ensure the sustainability of its services, selecting and implementing appropriates restorations techniques is vital. In this context, the purpose of this paper was to present an overview of the actions and techniques that can be implemented for the restoration/rehabilitation of the Faleme. The methodological approach includes field investigation, water sampling, literature review with cases studies and SWOT analysis of the four methods presented: river dredging, constructed wetlands, floating treatment wetlands and chemical precipitation (coagulation and flocculation). The study confirmed the pollution of the river by suspended solids (TSS > 1100 mg/L) and heavy metals such as iron, zinc, aluminium, and arsenic. For the restoration methods, it was illustrated through description of their mode of operation and through some case studies presented, that all the four methods have proven their effectiveness in treating rivers but have differences in their costs, their sustainability (detrimental to living organisms or causing a second pollution) and social acceptance. They also have weaknesses and issues that must be addressed to ensure success of rehabilitation. For the case of the Faleme river, after analysis, floating treatment wetlands are highly recommended for their low cost, good removal efficiency if the vulnerability of the raft and buoyancy to strong waves and flow is under control.

关键词： Faleme River River Restoration Constructed Wetlands Dredging Floating Treatment Wetlands Coagulation-Flocculation

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Influence of the Nature of the Incoming Sludge on the Performance of a Vertical Flow Reed Beds in Dakar-Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第6期16卷 429-449页

作者： Elhadji Mamadou Sonko Diomaye Dieng Maïmouna Lo cheikh diop Laboratoire dEtude Environnemental des Milieux Urbains (LEEMUR) Institut des Sciences de lEnvironnement (ISE) Facult des Sciences et Technique (FST) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) Dakar-Fann Sngal

This work investigates the influence of the type sludge on drainage, plant development, purification performances and biosolids quality. Drainage properties were measured through the frequency of clogging, the percentage of leachate recovered and the dryness of accumulated sludge. Plant development was measured through the density, the height and the stem diameter. Purification performance was evaluated from the reduction rate. Biosolids quality was measured after 3 months of maturation. The results show that the clogging frequencies were 9.5%;0% and 3.7%;the volume of leachate recovered was 42.2%;20.4% and 24.7% and, the dryness was 33.4%;61.1% and 52.4% for FS-ST, FS-STT and SS respectively. Plants densities were about, with densities 197.1, 171.3 and 178.3 plants/m2 in beds fed respectively with FS-ST, FS-STT and SS. Despite the high removal rates, the concentrations of pollutants in the leachates are above the Senegalese standard NS 05-061 for discharge into the environment. The biosolids are all mature with C/N and NH4+/NO3?ratios lower than 12 and 1 respectively. The biosolids are also rich in organic and mineral elements. The concentrations of Ascaris eggs are higher than the WHO recommendations. These biosolids should be stored for additional time or composted.

关键词： Biosolid Quality Dewatering Performance Planted Drying Beds Purification Performance Sludge Type

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Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Aquifer Systems and Surface Water/Groundwater Relations in the Lower Senegal River Valley

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 232-254页

作者： Abibatou Camara Fatou diop Ngom Moctar Diaw cheikh Tidiane Wade Ibrahima Mall Department of Geology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Applied Geosciences and Environment Amadou Mahtar Mbow University Dakar Senegal

This study assesses the chemical quality of water resources in the Lower Senegal River valley, based on 35 samples collected in November 2022. Major ion concentrations in surface water and groundwater were analyzed using classical geochemical interpretation diagrams (Piper, GIBBS, etc.) and multivariate geostatistical analyses, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results revealed three types of facies: Ca-Mg-HCO3-type facies, characteristic of poorly mineralized waters such as surface waters and groundwater from dune formations and the alluvial plain close to the hydraulic axis;Na-Cl type facies associated with well waters located in the alluvial plain that tap Inchirian or Nouakchottian shallow reservoirs and Maastrichtian deep borehole waters;and mixed Ca-Cl and Na-HCO3 type facies observed in certain floodplain and dune reservoirs. The results showed a strong correlation between sodium, chlorides, bromides, and electrical conductivity, indicating a significant contribution of these ions to groundwater mineralization. The various sources of water mineralization include mixing processes between surface water or rainwater, or calcite or dolomite dissolution processes (for weakly mineralized waters), basic exchanges or inverse basic exchanges between the aquifer and the water table (for moderately mineralized waters), and evaporation processes, halite dissolution, and paleosalinity during periods of marine transgression and regression (for highly mineralized waters). The study also highlighted the high vulnerability of the alluvial aquifer to pollution from intensive irrigated agriculture, as significant quantities of sulfates and nitrates were measured in some samples. These results also highlight the importance of water quality management in the Lower Senegal Valley, particularly as concerns the protection of the alluvial aquifer against pollution from irrigated agriculture.

关键词： Senegal River Valley Groundwater Pollution Agriculture Alluvial Aquifer

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Ambulatory Uretrocystoscopy in the Urology Andrology Department of Grand Mbour Hospital

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 61-70页

作者： Saint Charles Nabab kouka Ramatoulaye Ly Ngor Mack Thiam Modou diop Cisse Mouhamed cheikh diop Yoro Diallo Cheickna Sylla Department of Urology Faculty of Health Sciences University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thies Senegal

Background: Urethrocystoscopy is a method of endoscopic exploration that allows direct visualization of the urethra and bladder for diagnosis or treatment of diseases of the lower urinary tract. Purpose: To determine the epidemiological profile of patients who underwent urethrocystoscopy and to present the indications and the results of this endoscopic examination. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study of all patients who underwent outpatient urethrocystoscopy in the Urology and Andrology department of Grand Mbour hospital. The epidemiological data of the patients, the indications, the results of the endoscopic exploration and the additional procedures performed were entered and analyzed with Excel 2016. We performed descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 216 patients who underwent outpatient urethrocystoscopy, we counted 179 men (82.87%) and 37 women (17.13%). The sex ratio was 4.84. The mean age of the patients was 53.71 ± 18.76 years (age range 17 to 91 years). The main indications were lower urinary tract disorders (60.18%) and hematuria (28.70%). Endoscopic exploration revealed prostatic tumor in 69 patients (31.9%), 29 cases of bladder tumors (13.4%) and 19 cases of bilharzia cystitis (8.8%). The urethrocystoscopy was normal in 32 patients (14.8%). Conclusion: Urethrostoscopy is an endoscopic exploration examination that can be performed on an outpatient basis. Lower tract urinary disorders and hematuria were the main indications.

关键词： Urethrocystoscopy Outpatient Indications Diagnosis Mbour

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Long-Term Impact of Acute Retinoic Acid Supplementation at the Young Age on Testicular Architecture of Wistar Albino Rats

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： Mama Sy Racha Kamenda Ibondou Fatoumata Bah Robert Foko Ndiaga diop Mame Vénus Abdoulaye Séga cheikh diop Mamadou Fall Oumar Faye Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics Faculty of Medecine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p tained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, d

关键词： Vitamin A Retinyl Palmitate Spermatogenesis Testis-Wistar Albino Rats

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Evaluation of the Living Conditions and Health Perceptions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Handlers in the Informal Sector in Dakar

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 115-129页

作者： Robert Faomowe Foko Awa Ndong Marius Kedote Fatoumata Bah Absa Lam cheikh diop Aminata Toure Mathilde Cabral Mamadou Fall Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’ Hydrologie Facult&#233 de M&#233decine Pharmacie et Odontostomalogie Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Unité Mixte de Recherche d&#8217Exploration et de Diagnostic Unit&#233 de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Sant&#233 Universit&#233 Iba Der Thiam de Thi&#232s Thi&#232s S&#233n&#233gal Institut Ré gional de Sant&#233 Publique Universit&#233 d&#8217Abomey-Calavi Ouidah B&#233nin

Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is mainly informal. This professional environment is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipment waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic background, living arrangements, perception of health status, and good practices to be implemented in case of work-related health problems. Life style, perception of general health and health problems were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Informal recyclers in the Dakar region lived mainly in rooms and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in family homes (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in rooms and buildings as tenants compared to 41.4% who still live in a family home. The perception of health status ranged from poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are limited in work due to a disability or health problem. Informal work is a heterogeneous phenomenon that makes research and policymaking particularly complex. There are several external factors within informal WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problems or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environment to which they belong. A biomedical approach would consolidate these achievements by confirming or invalidating them.

关键词： E-Waste Informal Work Living Arrangements Health Perception Occupational Exposure

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Assessment of Satisfaction in the Reception and Emergency Department of a Health Center

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 284-296页

作者： Boubacar Gueye Martial Coly Bop NdéyeMarième Diagne cheikh ta.ko diop Alioune Badara tall Papa Gallo Sow Mountaga Dia Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye Ousseynou Ka Training and Research Unit for Health and Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of Bambeye Bambey Senegal Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Health and Development Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction The main objective of any healthcare establishment must be to ensure the quality of patient care and customer satisfaction. It is necessary to regularly assess patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to assess the level of satisfaction of customers aged over 18 years attending the emergency department of the health center. Methodology This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of patients aged 18 years and over, who attended the Samu Municipal emergency department between 02 and 30 May 2023. The satisfaction index was determined using the adapted 2009 SAPHORA-MCO questionnaire and the Likert satisfaction scale. Results A total of 400 patients were surveyed. The average age was 35 years, with a standard deviation of 14.7. Of those surveyed, 51% were women, 87% were educated, 50% lived in Grand Yoff and 59.5% were unemployed. Satisfaction levels linked to perception of the cost of care (72%), waiting time (64.3%), information given to patients (69.1%) and pain management (74 .5%) are fair. On the other hand, the levels of satisfaction linked to administrative procedures (82.5%), staff attitudes towards patients (84%), staff availability (86.4%), patient privacy (89.2%), general atmosphere (87.2%), staff competence (87.3%), and the effectiveness of care (89.4%) were satisfactory. The average waiting time was 38 minutes. However, 32% of patients waited less than 30 minutes and 92% less than an hour. The satisfaction index linked to administration and reception was 72.9% and 79.85%, respectively. The satisfaction index linked to the administration and technical quality of care is equal to 85.8% and 83.7%, respectively. The overall satisfaction index is equal to 80.6%;the level of satisfaction of users of the health structure is satisfactory. Conclusion Patient satisfaction is an essential part of quality care. Patient satisfaction must be based on effective communication from the healthcare team and the creation of a patient-caregive

关键词： Assessment Satisfaction Reception Ad Emergency Department Health Center

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Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Two Fonio Ecotypes Grown in Casamance (Sénégal)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 533-544页

作者： Amadou Bouye Seydi Amadou diop Animal Physiology Laboratory Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology of Dakar Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

In order to better understand the cultural route, biochemical and nutritional composition of two ecotypes of fonio, a study was carried out in village of tambananing located approximately 7 km from Sédhiou. The objective of studies was to determine nutritional composition of two ecotypes of fonio: the first called momo in short-cycle mandinka (75 - 90 days) and the other called medium-cycle dibong (90 - 110 days). For this, samples of two ecotypes were collected in an experimental field which was split into two equal parts, one sown with the momo ecotype and the other with the dibong ecotype. The nutritional composition (sugars, fats, proteins, minerals, ash, etc.) and the physicochemical properties (pH, humidity, water activity, color, etc.) of fonio’s were determined by appropriate physicochemical methods. The two ecotypes exhibited quite similar physicochemical properties. The levels of biochemical compounds were relatively close with protein contents of 7.05 ± 0.06 mg/100g for the momo ecotype and of 8.02 ± 0.04 mg/100g for the dibong ecotype, in carbohydrates (76.37 ± 1.2 mg/100g for momo and 78.7 ± 1.5 mg/100g for dibong) and in fat (2.92 ± 0.05 mg/100g for momo and 3.14 ± 0.004 mg/100g for dibong). Identical mineral element contents were found except for iron, an element for which the contents were 10.80 ± 0.008 mg/100g for the momo ecotype and 99.59 ± 0.005 mg/100g for the dibong ecotype. Thus, two ecotypes of fonio present a fairly interesting nutritional composition and their consumption deserves to be popularized and could contribute effectively to fight against the problems of malnutrition of certain vulnerable groups.

关键词： Biochemical Composition Ecotypes Fonio Casamance

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Study of Factors Associated with Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Rabies in the Commune of Niakhéne in Senegal, in 2022

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 180-197页

作者： Boubacar Gueye Martial Coly Bop Ndéye Marième Diagne Khadija Barro cheikh ta.ko diop Alioune Badara tall Papa Gallo Sow Mountaga Dia Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye Ousseynou Ka Training and Research Unit for Health and Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of Bambeye Bambeye Senegal Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Health and Development Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Rabies is a serious disease, as it is always fatal, but it can be prevented by sero-vaccination. It is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Asia and Africa. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and to determine the factors associated with them among people aged 18 and over in the commune of Niakhène. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged 18 and over living in the commune of Niakhène. A sample of 300 individuals was drawn from a two-stage cluster survey stratified by age and sex. Bivariate analysis was performed using association tests. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.3 ± 16.9 years. It was noted that 67% (201) of respondents had a good knowledge of rabies. The results showed that 7.3% (22) of respondents owned a dog. Of the 278 people who did not own a dog, 78.4% (218) said they would have vaccinated their dog if they had had one. It should be noted that 83.7% (251) of respondents said they would go to a health facility if an animal bit them. None of the dog owners had vaccinated their dogs against rabies. Of the 41 people exposed to rabies, 39% went to a health facility. The age and education of the respondents had statistically significant associations with knowledge of rabies. Respondents’ age and education were statistically significantly related to whether they had vaccinated a domestic dog. The age, education and economic well-being quintile of respondents’ households had statistically significant associations with the use of a health facility in the event of being bitten or scratched by an animal vector. The education of respondents who had been bitten by an animal vector was statistically significantly associated with the use of a health facility. Conclusion: It would be imperative for human and animal health authorities to collaborate in a “One Health” approach in order to increase knowledge and promote the adoption of good pract

关键词： Rabies Knowledge Attitudes Practices Associated Factors Senegal

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Respiratory Flow Rates of Metal Welders Compared to a Population Not Exposed to Metal Welding Dust

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 51-59页

作者： Robert Faomowe Foko Abdou Khadir Sow Awa Ba Mor Diaw Fatoumata Bah Mame Saloum Coly Absa Lam cheikh diop Aminata Toure Abdoulaye Ba Abdoulaye Samb Arame Mbengue Mathilde Cabral Mamadou Fall Laboratory of Toxicology and Hydrology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontostomatology Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar-Fann Senegal Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Exploration Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontostomatology Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar-Fann Senegal Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Exploration Alioune DIOP University of Bambey Bambey Senegal Laboratory of Physiology UFR of Health Sciences Functional Exploration Department Thies Regional Hospital Center Thies Senegal

Background: The welding trade includes many industrial activities in both the formal and informal sectors. Workers in this professional environment do not have access to individual and collective means of protection adapted to the activity, which exposes them to the dust emitted during their activity and therefore contributes to increasing the risk of developing respiratory disorders in this population. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the ventilatory function of metal welders in the city of Dakar. Method: This was a comparative study based on the analysis of the spirometric parameters of metal welders working in the city of Dakar (Senegal) with those of a control group of the same kind, selected from the general population. Measurements of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF) were measured. Results: A total of 75 men between the ages of 19 and 61 were recruited and divided into two groups (43 controls and 32 welders). The welding population had more frequent distal and central obstructions and pulmonary restriction compared to the control group. The metals most commonly used by welders were aluminum for welders who had an obstruction, while for those who had a restriction, iron was the most used metal. Signs of metal fever were frequently found in welders, especially those with ventilatory disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory disorders observed is close to that observed in industrial environments, where exposure levels are the highest. The lack of personal protective equipment could also be a significant risk factor in the development of these disorders.

关键词： Welder Occupational Exposure Spirometric Disorder Metal Fever Dakar

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