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Modelling and Sizing of a Floor Reinforced by Ballasted Columns Intended to Support a Tank

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第3期14卷 405-420页

作者： cheikh diallo Diène Madièye Fall Souka Bidzha Harlin Sylvaire Laboratory of Modelling and Soil Mechanics Electrical and Building School (ESEBAT) Dakar Senegal

This work aims to study the modeling and sizing of a floor reinforced by ballasted columns. We are studying the system of reinforcement by ballasted columns because this technique is able to replace deep foundations that are technically difficult to realize and their cost is higher. The modelling and dimensioning of foundations on a ballasted column will be an important contribution to the state of the art of this method because it will highlight the mode of transfer of loads, and will expose the induced deformations by also allowing to verification criteria of bearing capacity and allowable settlement according to geometric information of the model. The columns on a substrate located at 9 m have a length of 9 m and a diameter of 40 cm and were obtained by incorporating ballast of granular class 0/31.5 of internal friction angle of 38˚ and a density weight of 21 kN/m3. The choice of this method is based on the geotechnical characteristics of the initial soil. Thus, identification and characterization tests were carried out to estimate the bearing capacity and the settlement giving respectively 125 kPa and 57 cm. These results show the ground does not have sufficient mechanical properties to withstand the loads transmitted by the tank. By adopting the reinforcement of the soil with ballasted columns, numerical calculations show that after applying a load equal to 265.1 KPa, 20 cm vertical settlement and 17 cm horizontal displacement were obtained. This is in the tolerable deformation range for our tank, namely, less than 20 cm. Analytically, in addition to reducing settlement, ballasted columns, Due to their high stiffness, they have effectively contributed to the increase of the permissible soil stress up to 257 kPa.

关键词： Reinforcement Ballasted Columns Reservoir Geotechnical Modeling Plaxis 2D

Study of the Efficiency of Vertical Drains by an FEM Method in Soil Treatment for Road Projects: Case of the Development and Bitumination Works of the ROCADE Porto-Novo in Benin

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第3期14卷 435-455页

作者： cheikh diallo Diène Vitouley Kossi Ghyslain Joël Mamadou Tine Apanda Mbongote Johnny Laboratory of Modelling and Soils Mechanics TRU Engineering Sciences (UFR SI) University Iba Der Thiam Thies Senegal Laboratory of Modelling and Soils Mechanics School of Electrical and Building (ESEBAT) Dakar Senegal

This article aims to study the efficiency of coupled vertical drains for the treatment of long-lasting compressible clay soils for the road project platform of the ring road of Porto Novo, capital of Benin. The experimental data allowed us to estimate a consolidation of 29% in 9 months, justifying the drainage of the soil. In order to study the efficiency of drainage, a FEM model was proposed simulating different scenarios. These include a drainless road, pavements equipped with vertical drains with meshes of 0.5 m 0.5 m, 1 m 1 m and 1.5 m 1.5 m respectively and horizontal drains. The results expressed in terms of variations in vertical stresses, effective stresses and shear deformations revealed significant variations in pavement performance depending on the mesh size of the vertical drains. The configuration with a mesh of 0.5 m 0.5 m showed the least deformations, thus indicating a reduction in deformations and better stress distribution. However, the other mesh configurations showed variable results, underlining the importance of choosing the right mesh for the specific project conditions.

关键词： Pavement Vertical Drains Horizontal Drains Modelling Plaxis2D ROCADE de Porto-Novo

Design and Application of a Multichannel Analysis Surface Waves Acquisition System for the Pavement Layers Investigation

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2022年第1期12卷 22-37页

作者： cheikh diallo Diene Mapathé Ndiaye Laboratory of Mechanics and Modeling University of Thiès Thiès Senegal

This study aims to design and develop a pavement non-destructive quality testing device with the MASW method. Unlike the traditional acquisition techniques that plants geophones on the pavement, the presented approach uses no-tip geophones, placed directly on the pavement surface to preserve its integrity. To proceed, a seismograph using an Arduino Due microcontroller connected to a Raspberry Pi 4 nano-computer was developed. The receivers consist of 6 4.5 Hz GD geophones connected together by a graduated tape to control the inter-trace distance and to in order to acquire data in land-streamer. The recording is triggered by a KY-038 sound sensor. The Arduino acts as an analog-to-digital converter while the Raspberry is used as a real-time data visualization and processing interface. The obtained seismic data has been processed using the Geopsy open-source software which allows the analysis and inversion of the dispersion curves. The studied system has been tested in 4 different sites. The obtained seismic VS and VP velocities as a function of the depth allowed to deduce the elastic properties of the pavement layers and to decide on their mechanical quality with the possibility of integrating the results in the road data banks.

关键词： Survey Road Elastic Properties MASW Arduino Raspberry Geophone

Using Geometry Data from Ground Penetrating Radar to Improve Pavement Layers Auscultation Using Seismic Surface Waves Inversion Method

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2022年第3期12卷 271-291页

作者： cheikh diallo Diene Mapathe Ndiaye Laboratory of Mechanics and Soils Modelisation University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thiès Senegal

In order to reduce the unknown parameters during the inversion of the dispersion curve in the aim to obtain more precise Vs and VP profiles, the Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method was combined with the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method. First, a 2D GPR profile was made on the pavement, then 1D MASW profiles spaced by 0.2 m apart in the perpendicular direction and centered on the intersection with the Radar profile. The GPR measurements, made with a 1600 Hz antenna, allowed to calculate the dielectric permittivities then velocities in order to convert the times profiles to depth. Thus, the thicknesses of the layers are directly read on the radar profile. MASW measurements were performed by simulating the Multi-Channel Simulation with One Receiver (MSOR) method in Land Streamer mode. Six 4.5 Hz pointless geophones are connected to the seismograph consisting of an Arduino Due microcontroller and a nano-computer type Raspberry Pi 4. The results of the dispersion analysis showed a fundamental mode located between approximately 70 Hz and 200 Hz and an inverted dispersion, characteristic of pavements with higher frequencies propagating at higher velocities. The results show that the integration of the number of layers and the thicknesses obtained from the GPR measurements in the inversion parameters makes it possible to obtain a more precise Vs and VP velocity profile. All profiles, seismic and radar, have shown that velocities decrease with depth. The detected heterogeneities appear to be related to differences in water content inside the pavement.

关键词： MASW GPR Auscultation Route Elastic Properties Permittivity

Management of Acute Bowel Obstruction in Adults in Ziguinchor Hospital Establishments: About 163 Cases Followed Up

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Surgical Science 2024年第4期15卷 207-218页

作者： Omar Sow cheikh H. Badji Mouhamed Dieng Reymond Seydi Aissata diallo cheikh Diouf Papa A. Ba Boubacar Fall Department of General Surgery Peace Hospital Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Department of General Surgery Central Regional Hospital of Ziguinchor Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Department of General Surgery University of Iba Der Thiam Thies Senegal

Acute intestinal obstruction represents a very frequent admission to surgical emergencies. The aim of our study was to make a descriptive analysis of the management of acute intestinal obstructions at the level of hospital establishments in Ziguinchor. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, multicenter study from the period of January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. Patients over 15 years of age admitted for occlusive syndrome in the two surgical departments of the Ziguinchor regional hospitals were included in the study. Epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary data were studied. Results: Acute intestinal occlusions accounted for 8.3% of admissions. A total of 163 patients were enrolled, 61.9% were men, sex ratio of 1.6. The mean age was 48.7 years. The average consultation time was 74.8 hours (3.12 days). The total occlusive syndrome was in 48.5% of the cases. Abdominal pain was present in 87.1%, vomiting in 74.2%, cessation of matter and gas in 60.7% and meteorism in 36.2%. Biological lab tests reported hyperleukocytosis in 28.1% of the cases. Abdominal CT scans were performed in 71.2%, confirming the diagnosis in 90.5% and determining the etiology in 93.1%. The zone of the obstruction in the small bowel was 62.7%, and in the colon in 37.3%. Functional occlusions accounted for 22.7% of cases and mechanical for 77.3%, including 120 cases of strangulation occlusion (95.2%) and 6 cases of obstruction. Etiologies were dominated by adhesions and/or fibrous bands (61.2%). Medical treatment resolved the occlusive syndrome in 9.2% of cases, instrumental treatment in 17.1% and surgical treatment in 77.3%. Adhesiolysis/section of fibrous bands (55.7%), detorsion (14.3%) and resection anastomosis (11.9%) were the most common surgical procedures. Overall morbidity was 11.6%, dominated by surgical site infection (7.14%). The mean resumption of intestinal transit was 2.7 days, and the mean hospital stay was 7.9 days. Overall mortality was

关键词： Intestinal Obstruction Emergency Surgery Ziguinchor

Evaluation of the Influence of Plastic Waste in Improving the Mechanical Characteristics of Asphalt Mixes (Senegal, West Africa)

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第3期13卷 517-527页

作者： Adama Dione Papa Sanou Faye Mohamadou Moustapha Thiam Birame Diouf cheikh diallo Achim Becker Diodio Diouf Moussa Sow Malick Thiam Marème Ba National Hight School of Mining and Geology ex IST UCAD Dakar Senégal Science and Technology Department Iba Der Thiam University Thiès Senegal UFR Engineering Sciences Iba Der Thiam University of Thies Thies Senegal Speciesanalytik Laboratory Dakar Senegal Aventurin Waste ONG Bochum Germany Department of Geology UCAD Dakar Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique UCAD Dakar Senegal

The recovery of plastic waste has a positive impact on two fronts: The environment, through waste reduction, and the economy, through its use in road construction. This work involves recycling plastic variants such as Polypropylene (PP) 50% and LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) 50% in proportions of 2% to 8%, incorporated into a 0/14 BBSG. The results of the Marshall test gave stability values ranging from 826 to 1523 kg and creep values from 5.5 to 2.45 mm. The Duriez test gave r/R values ranging from 0.769 to 0.786, with water absorption percentages from 2.24% to 0.69%. The PCG test at 80 gyrations gave void percentages ranging from 11.9% to 5.23%. The rutting test gives a rutting depth percentage that drops at 30,000 cycles from 11.5% to 1.3%. This study shows a considerable increase in the mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixes by adding plastic waste.

关键词： Plastic Waste Marshall Environmental Impact BBSG Recycling

Ambulatory Uretrocystoscopy in the Urology Andrology Department of Grand Mbour Hospital

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 61-70页

作者： Saint Charles Nabab Kouka Ramatoulaye Ly Ngor Mack Thiam Modou Diop Cisse Mouhamed cheikh Diop Yoro diallo Cheickna Sylla Department of Urology Faculty of Health Sciences University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thies Senegal

Background: Urethrocystoscopy is a method of endoscopic exploration that allows direct visualization of the urethra and bladder for diagnosis or treatment of diseases of the lower urinary tract. Purpose: To determine the epidemiological profile of patients who underwent urethrocystoscopy and to present the indications and the results of this endoscopic examination. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study of all patients who underwent outpatient urethrocystoscopy in the Urology and Andrology department of Grand Mbour hospital. The epidemiological data of the patients, the indications, the results of the endoscopic exploration and the additional procedures performed were entered and analyzed with Excel 2016. We performed descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 216 patients who underwent outpatient urethrocystoscopy, we counted 179 men (82.87%) and 37 women (17.13%). The sex ratio was 4.84. The mean age of the patients was 53.71 ± 18.76 years (age range 17 to 91 years). The main indications were lower urinary tract disorders (60.18%) and hematuria (28.70%). Endoscopic exploration revealed prostatic tumor in 69 patients (31.9%), 29 cases of bladder tumors (13.4%) and 19 cases of bilharzia cystitis (8.8%). The urethrocystoscopy was normal in 32 patients (14.8%). Conclusion: Urethrostoscopy is an endoscopic exploration examination that can be performed on an outpatient basis. Lower tract urinary disorders and hematuria were the main indications.

关键词： Urethrocystoscopy Outpatient Indications Diagnosis Mbour

Science Put to the Test of Mysticism in the “Navetanes”

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2176-2186页

作者： Souleymane diallo National Institute for Popular Education and Sport (INSEPS) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Mystical practices or “Xon” exist in virtually every sector of social life in Senegal. Popular or “navétane” football is particularly and profoundly affected by this phenomenon, to the point of raising questions about their place in this sport, which is naturally governed by scientific rules of performance. To provide an answer, we used qualitative methods, including participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 9 coaches and those in charge of the “xonjom”. The main results highlight the predominance of “Xon” over training. The players pay more attention to the mystics. The creation of a commission responsible for occult practices and the efforts made by the players to approach occultists and ensure that their instructions are respected attest to the importance of “xonjom”. As a result of the social anchoring provided by education, popular football is not spared from “xon”. More time is spent practising mysticism than training. They are seen as a source of victory, playing the role of psychological preparation. The centralisation of “xonjom” is reflected in the prioritisation of “xon” over training. The marabouts’ instructions take precedence over those of the trainers.

关键词： Mystical Practices Science Popular Football Belief

Dissection of the Common Femoral Artery at the Bamako Anatomy Laboratory

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Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research 2019年第4期7卷 68-75页

作者： Babou Ba Abdoulaye Kanté Tata Touré Moumouna Koné Ousmane Ibrahim Touré cheikh Tidiane diallo Komlavi David Kouamenou Abdel-Latif Issa-Touré Gaoussou Simpara Aboubacar Sidiki Fofana Mahamadou Daou Nouhoun Ongoiba Abdel Karim Koumare Laboratoire d’Anatomie Faculte de Medecine et d’Odontostomatologie de BamakoBamakoMali Service de Chirurgie B CHU du Point GBamakoMali

Objectives: The purpose of this work was to determine the dimensions of CFA before the birth of the deep thigh artery, describe the mode of termination of the CFA, search for CFA collaterals, and describe the anatomical variations of the CFA. Methodology: This was a prospective study conducted at the Anatomy Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology of Bamako. CFA arteries of 12 fresh corpses of adults include 9 men and 3 women. A total of 24 CFA arteries were dissected and photographed. Results: The mean length of CFA was 50.9 ± 12.55 mm (range: 31 and 93 mm). Its average diameter was 9.12 ± 1.17 mm (range: 7 and 12 mm). In 70.83%, the CFA artery ended without any particularity. There was 29.17% anatomic variation in the CFA termination mode. The CFA divided into 3 branches (trifurcation) in 25%. The 3 branches were in 20.83%, the FS and a common core to LFCA and AQ;in 4.17%, they were the SFA, the DFA and the MFCA. In 4.17%, it divided into 4 branches which are: the SFA, the DFA, the MFCA and a common core to QA and LFCA. The CFA gave as collateral: circumflex superficial iliac artery in 22 cases (91.67%), superficial epigastric artery in 19 cases (79.17%), upper external pudendal artery in 20 cases (83.33%), and lower external pudendal artery in 14 cases (58.33%). We noted in our series 9 anatomical variations at the collateral level of the CFA or 37.5%. The CFA gave birth to the following branches: the MFCA in 4 cases or 16.67%, the LFCA in 1 case or 4.17%, the QA in 1 case or 4.17%, and a common core to the QA and LFCA in 3 cases or 12.5%. Conclusion: The length of CFA is important. The variations of CFA are frequent and important to know in clinical and surgical practice.

关键词： Artery Femoral Anatomy Variations