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Seamless handover between unicast and multicast multimedia streams

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2014年第10期15卷 929-942页

作者： Mau-Luen THAM chee-onn chow Yi-han XU Khong Neng CHOONG Cheng Suan LEE Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya College of Information Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry University Wireless Communication Cluster MIMOS BerhadKuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia Power-All Networks Jalan AmpangKuala Lumpur 50450 Malaysia

With the deployment of heterogeneous networks, mobile users are expecting ubiquitous connectivity when using applications. For bandwidth-intensive applications such as Internet Protocol Television(IPTV), multimedia contents are typically transmitted using a multicast delivery method due to its bandwidth efficiency. However, not all networks support multicasting. Multicasting alone could lead to service disruption when the users move from a multicast-capable network to a non-multicast network. In this paper, we propose a handover scheme called application layer seamless switching(ALSS) to provide smooth real-time multimedia delivery across unicast and multicast networks. ALSS adopts a soft handover to achieve seamless playback during the handover period. A real-time streaming testbed is implemented to investigate the overall handover performance, especially the overlapping period where both network interfaces are receiving audio and video packets. Both the quality of service(QoS) and objective-mapped quality of experience(QoE) metrics are measured. Experimental results show that the overlapping period takes a minimum of 56 and 4 ms for multicast-to-unicast(M2U) and unicast-to-multicast(U2M) handover, respectively. The measured peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) confirms that the frame-by-frame quality of the streamed video during the handover is at least 33 dB, which is categorized as good based on ITU-T recommendations. The estimated mean opinion score(MOS) in terms of video playback smoothness is also at a satisfactory level.

关键词： Experimental approach Multimedia session continuity Seamless handover Unicast/multicast switching Multimedia streaming

Media Independent Handover Scheme with QoS Provision across UMTS and WiMAX Networks

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China Communications 2012年第7期9卷 55-70页

作者： Xu Yihan chee-onn chow Khong-Neng Choong Hiroshi Ishii Department of Electrical Engineering University of Malaya Lembah Pantai Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Wireless Communication Cluster MIMOS Berhad Technology Park Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia Professional Graduate School of Embedded Technology Tokai University Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8619 Japan

The rapid growth and innovation of the various mobile communication technologies have caused a change in the paradigm of internet access. Wireless technologies such as WiM AX, WiFi and UM T S/LTE networks have shown great p otential in dominating the wireless access markets. The ex istence of various access technologies requires a means for seamless internetworking to provide an ywhere, anytime services without interruption in the ongoing session, especially in multimedia

关键词： IEEE 802.21 vertical handover Quality of Services (QoS) provision heterogeneous network

Evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma games with local interaction and best-response dynamics

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2015年第4期10卷 839-856页

作者： Yunshyoug chow Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan 11529 China

This paper studies the long run behavior in evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma games. All players are assumed to sit around a circle and to interact only with their neighbors. It is known that full-defection is the unique long run equilibrium as the probability of players＇ experimentation （or mutation） tends to zero in the best response dynamics. Here, it is shown that full-cooperation could emerge in the long run if one also cares for his neighbors in the best- response dynamics.

关键词： Prisoner's dilemma game full cooperation best response localinteraction long run equilibrium parallel updating

Collaborative Distributed AC Optimal Power Flow: A Dual Decomposition Based Algorithm

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1414-1423页

作者： Zheyuan Cheng Mo-Yuen chow IEEE Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University

We propose a dual decomposition based algorithm that solves the AC optimal power flow(ACOPF) problem in the radial distribution systems and microgrids in a collaborative and distributed manner. The proposed algorithm adopts the second-order cone program(SOCP) relaxed branch flow ACOPF model. In the proposed algorithm, bus-level agents collaboratively solve the global ACOPF problem by iteratively sharing partial variables with its 1-hop neighbors as well as carrying out local scalar computations that are derived using augmented Lagrangian and primal-dual subgradient methods. We also propose two distributed computing platforms, i. e., high-performance computing(HPC) based platform and hardware-in-theloop(HIL) testbed, to validate and evaluate the proposed algorithm. The computation and communication performances of the proposed algorithm are quantified and analyzed on typical IEEE test systems. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can be executed on a fully distributed computing structure and yields accurate ACOPF solution. Besides, the proposed algorithm has a low communication overhead.

关键词： Distributed convex optimization distributed en-ergy management system optimal power flow primal-dual de-composition

Enabling Inverter-based Resource Stability Control in Power Systems with High Renewable Penetration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第3期9卷 1248-1250页

作者： Joe H.chow Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY 12180-3590USA

This rapid communication provides the author’s viewpoints on the need to develop grid stability functions for inverter-based resources,in particular,controls to enhance system *** discussion will be focused on transi... 详细信息

关键词： Frequency regulation inverter control time scales transient stability

Model systems to study the life cycle of human papillomaviruses and HPV-associated cancers

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第2期30卷 92-100页

作者： Louise T.chow Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham 35294-0005 USA

The prevalent human papillomaviruses(HPVs) infect either cutaneous or mucosal epithelium. Active Infections lead to epithelial hyperprolifeation and are usually cleared in healthy individuals within a year. Persistent infections in the anogenital tracts by certain high-risk genotypes such as HPV-16, HPV-18 and closely related types, can progress to high grade dysplasias and carcinomas in women and men, including cervical, vulva, penile and anal cancers. A significant fraction of the head and neck cancers are also caused by HPV-16. The viral oncogenes responsible for neoplastic conversion are E6 and E7 that disrupt the pathways controlled by the two major tumor suppressor genes, p53 and members of p RB family. Because HPV cannot be propagated in conventional submerged monolayer cell cultures, organotypic epithelial raft cultures that generate a stratified and differentiated epithelium have been used to study the viral life cycle. This article describes several systems to examine aspects of the viral productive phase, along with the advantages and limitations. Animal model systems of HPV carcinogenesis are also briefly described.

关键词： human papillomaviruses(HPVs) productive program HPV-associated cancers model systems

Model testing of tripod caisson foundations in silty clay subjected to eccentric lateral loads

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第3期17卷 467-476页

作者： Shili MA Liquan XIE Tsung-chow SU College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431USA

In this study,model tests were conducted to investigate the bearing capacities of tripod caisson foundations subjected to eccentric lateral loads in silty *** load–rotation curves of five eccentric-shaped tripod suction foundations were plotted to analyze the bearing capacities at different loading *** was observed that the loading angle significantly influenced the bearing capacity of the foundations,particularly for eccentric tripod caisson *** with eccentric tripod caisson foundations,the traditional tripod foundation has a relatively high ultimate lateral capacity at the omnidirectional loading *** analyzing the displacement of the caissons,a formula for the rotational center of the tripod caisson foundation subjected to an eccentric lateral load was *** depth of the rotation center was 0.68–0.92 times the height of the caisson when the bearing capacity reached the *** the undrained condition,suction was generated under the lid of the“up-lift”caisson,which helps resist lateral forces from the wind and waves.

关键词： tripod caisson foundation silty clay eccentric lateral capacity model tests

Review of current controversial issues in clinical trials

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General Psychiatry 2021年第5期34卷 16-22页

作者： Shein-Chung chow Susan S chow Annpey Pong Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Kansas City University College of Osteopathic MedicineKansas CityMissouriUSA Merck&Co Inc KenilworthNew JerseyUSA

In clinical development,adequate and well-controlled randomised clinical trials are usually conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of test treatment under *** purpose is to ensure that there is an accurate and reliable assessment of test treatment under *** practice,however,some controversial issues inevitably appear despite the compliance of good clinical *** debatable issues include,but are not limited to,(1)appropriateness of hypotheses for clinical investigation,(2)feasibility of power calculation for sample size requirement,(3)integrity of randomisation/blinding,(4)strategy for clinical endpoint selection,(5)demonstrating effectiveness or ineffectiveness,(6)impact of protocol amendments and(7)independence of independent data monitoring *** this article,these controversial issues are *** impact of these issues in evaluating the safety and efficacy of the test treatment under investigation is also *** regarding possible resolutions to these issues are provided whenever possible.

关键词： clinical whenever independence

Microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed traditional Chinese herbal medicines

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013年第1期33卷 119-124页

作者： Adelinesuyien Ting Yiingyng chow Weishang Tan School of Science Monash University Sunway Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway 46150 Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia

OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.

关键词： Decoction processing Drug contamination Heavy metal poisoning, nervous system Microbial consortia Drugs, Chinese herbal