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Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle (Anadara granosa) and exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第2期23卷 336-345页

作者： Seiedeh Aghileh Mirsadeghi Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria chee kong yap Azadeh Shahbazi Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversity Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Science Department of BiologyUniversity Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdangSelangorMalaysia

The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （c-PAHs） present in the sediment and water of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （t-PAHs） were measured between 0.80±0.04 to 162.96 ±14.74 ng/g wet weight （ww） in sediment, between 21.85± 2.18 to 76.2± 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between 3.34 ±0.77 to 46.85 ± 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency （US EPA）. Case I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was （8.82 ± 0.54） × 10^ 6 to （2.67 ± 0.06） × 10^-2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.

关键词： toxicity assessment carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons group B2 of US EPA Anadara granosa

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Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment and Intertidal Gastropod Nerita lineata from Two Opposing Sites in the Straits of Malacca

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湿地科学 2008年第3期6卷 411-421页

作者： Bintal Amin Ahmad Ismail chee kong yap Department of Biology Faculty of Science University Putra Malaysia UPM43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia Department of Marine Science Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Riau Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia

The concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni and Fe were determined in the surface sediment and marine gastropod Nerita lineata collected in May 2005 from the intertidal zone of Dumai,Sumatera,Indonesia and Johor,Peninsular *** results showed that metal concentrations in sediment and the soft tissue of *** varied at different sampling *** heavy metal concentrations were 0.92 μg/g(Cd);6.40 μg/g(Cu);32.77 μg/g(Pb);54.41 μg/g(Zn);11.56 μg/g(Ni) and 2.97%(Fe) in sediment from Dumai and 1.15 μg/g(Cd);26.73 μg/g(Cu);53.45 μg/g(Pb);130.77 μg/g(Zn);20.79 μg/g(Ni) and 2.72%(Fe) in sediment from *** of metals in gastropod *** were 0.71 μg/g(Cd);15.16 μg/g(Cu);9.35 μg/g(Pb);94.69 μg/g(Zn);5.08 μg/g(Ni) and 397.97 μg/g(Fe) in samples from Dumai and 1.24 μg/g(Cd);18.02 μg/g(Cu);19.75 μg/g(Pb);95.09 μg/g(Zn);5.57 μg/g(Ni) and 473.56 μg/g(Fe) in samples from *** they were not statistically significant(p>0.05),heavy metal concentrations in *** were correlated with the concentrations of respective metals in sediment in both samples from Dumai and *** general,samples of sediment and gastropod from Johor accumulated significantly higher heavy metal concentrations when compared to samples from Dumai(p<0.05).Higher concentrations of metals were recorded in samples collected from the stations close to the industrial and anthropogenic activities in both Dumai and Johor ***,most of the concentrations were still comparable to the previous reported studies from other geographical areas.

关键词：重金属腹足动物马六甲海峡沉积物

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Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Intertidal Gastropod Nerita lineata and Their Relationships to Those in Its Habitats:A Case Study in Dumai Coastal Waters

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湿地科学 2009年第4期7卷 351-357页

作者： Bintal Amin Irvina Nurrachmi Ahmad Ismail chee kong yap Department of Marine Science Faculty of Fisheries and Marine ScienceUniversity of Riau Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Concentrations of heavy metals in the intertidal gastropod Nerita lineata collected from 4 sampling stations in the intertidal zone of Dumai coastal waters have been analyzed and correlated with the respective metal concentrations in their *** objective of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between heavy metal concentrations in the *** with metal concentrations in their habitat,which include seawater,algal mat,suspended particulate matter,and surface *** results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the sediment,***,suspended particulate matter,algal mat and surface seawater were found to be higher in stations closed to Dumai city center which has more industrial and anthropogenic *** mean concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni and Fe in the *** collected from Dumai intertidal area were 4.14 μg/g,5.90 μg/g,44.43 μg/g,3.74 μg/g,20.73 μg/g,24.91 μg/g in shell;4.16 μg/g,7.31 μg/g,51.78 μg/g,17.63 μg/g,23.52 μg/g,30.60 μg/g in operculum and 0.71 μg/g,15.09 μg/g,9.41 μg/g,94.42 μg/g,5.10 μg/g,398.24 μg/g dry weight in the total soft tissue,***,Pb and Ni concentrations of parts of the *** were in the order:that of operculum>shell>soft tissue whilst Cu,Zn and Fe concentrations of parts of the *** in the order:that of soft tissue>operculum>*** suggested that *** could be used as biomonitoring agent for Cu,Zn and Fe(soft tissues)and for Cd,Pb and Ni(operculum).However,the shell had significant correlations(P<0.05)with metal concentrations in the sediment,algal mat,suspended particulate matter and *** factor(BCF)values of the shell also revealed greater capacity for non-essential metals bioaccumulation from all environmental *** might suggest that the shell of *** could be better used as biomonitoring agent for heavy metal pollution.

关键词：环境分析化学重金属湿地科学 BCF

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A Comparative Study of Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Pomacea insularum Collected from Polluted and Unpolluted Sites of the Freshwater Ecosystem in Malaysia

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湿地科学 2009年第1期7卷 75-82页

作者： chee kong yap Franklin Berandah Edward Bin Huan Pang Department of Biology Faculty of Science University Putra Malaysia UPM 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia

The snails(Pomacea insularum) were collected from polluted and unpolluted sites at Juru River and the Universiti Putra Malaysia Lake,*** the shells,the soft tissues of snails were dissected into 6 different parts: intestine,operculum,foot,pennial sac,lung sac and the *** were analyzed for the concentrations of Cu,Cd,Zn,Pb,Ni and *** present study found 6 interesting ***,all the metal levels found in the different parts of *** collected from Juru River were significantly(p0.05) between the different sizes(small sizes: 30.5-33.2 mm;large sizes: 37.7-40.4 mm) of *** first 5 points supported the use of different soft tissues of *** as biomonitoring organs of heavy metal pollution in the freshwater ecosystem in Malaysia although further validation is required.

关键词：钉螺生物监测环境污染环境保护

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INTERPRETATION OF COPPER AND ZINC CONTAMINATION IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A POLLUTED RIVER,SEPANG RIVER

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湿地科学 2007年第4期5卷 311-321页

作者： chee kong yap Ahmad Ismail Ching How Low Soon Guan Tan Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity Putra MalaysiaUPM 43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia

Three different aquatic ecosystems(an urban pond,Kelana Jaya Pond;a polluted river,Sepang River;and the intertidal and offshore areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia)with different sets of ecological backgrounds and human activities were reviewed and assessed for the levels of Cu and Zn contamination with special reference to those found in polluted sediments collected from the Sepang *** discussion on the contamination levels of Cu and Zn in the aquatic environment of Peninsular Malaysia was based on a comparison of the metal contamination of 4 kinds of aquatic *** comparison of 4 different areas was based on ① total concentrations of 2 metals;② the concentrations and percentages of the nonresistant(EFLE,acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic)and resistant geochemical fractions;and ③ correlation coefficients(R-values)based on data of 4 areas separately and a combination of 4 *** Sepang River recorded nonresistant fractions of 63.1% for Zn and 55.8% for Cu in addition to slightly lower metal concentrations when compared to those(60%-70%)reported before the shutting down of the piggery activities in that *** nonresistant metal percentages(55%-63%)indicated that the metal concentrations were still dominated by anthropogenic sources since nonresistant fraction of metals were mostly contributed by anthropogenic *** positive results from the four different aquatic environments assessed here provided strong evidence to show that Malaysia's aquatic environment had received anthropogenic Cu and *** present study also showed that the percentage of the nonresistant fraction and the R-values based on correlation analysis of Cu and Zn could be used as indicators of Cu and Zn pollution in the Malaysian aquatic *** on the present data,the correlation coefficients(R-values)are potential indicators of EFLE Cu and acid-reducible Cu of the *** use of R-values as indicators of metal pollution is suggested and it

关键词：铜污染锌污染水生环境环境污染马来群岛沉积物

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BIOMONITORING OF AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM,COPPER,LEAD AND ZINC IN THE COASTAL WETLAND WATER BY USING GILLS OF THE GREEN-LIPPED MUSSEL PERNA VIRIDIS

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湿地科学 2006年第4期4卷 247-252页

作者： chee kong yap Ahmad Ismail Abdul Rahim Ismail Soon Guan Tan Department of Biology Faculty of Science University Putra Malaysia UPM 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia

The distribution and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in the gills and remaining soft tissues of Perna viridis collected from 12 geographical sites (10 from the west and 2 from the east coastal waters) of Peninsular Malaysia. All samples showed that the levels of Cd, Pb and Zn were generally higher in the gill than those in the remaining soft tissues. These results could be due to the fact that gills are the first organ of metal accumulation and larger surface area with mucus sheets in the organ. Since the mussel gill is a better accumulator of Cd, Pb and Zn of ambient seawater than remaining soft tissue, it is a potential indicator of ambient levels of dissolved metals in the ambient seawater. However, further validations based on laboratory conditions are needed.

关键词： gill heavy metals Perna viridis

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Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Two Species of Intertidal Crabs from the Middle of the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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湿地科学 2009年第3期7卷 218-229页

作者： Mohammad Mohd Ikram Ahmad Ismail chee kong yap Nor Azwady Abd Aziz Department of Basic Science and Engineering Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak 97008 Malaysia Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia UPM 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia

A study on Zn and Cu concentrations in 2 species of intertidal crabs,namely Uca annulipes and Dotilla myctiroides collected from the intertidal coastal area of Selangor(5 sites) and Negeri Sembilan(3 sites),west coast of Peninsular Malaysia,was carried *** various localized sources of Zn and Cu discharges towards both the crab species were mentioned.A comparative study between the 2 crab species also revealed that the concentrations of Zn and Cu were significantly(P<0.05) higher in *** when compared to *** difference was related to the organic matter percentage in the crabs' microhabitat sediments since metals can be associated with the organic matter of sediments in which they might ***(P<0.05) higher organic matter content was shown in *** sediments when compared to *** sediments for all *** metal and size relationship in the crabs was also *** relationships between Zn and Cu concentrations with body weight and carapace width of *** and *** were significantly(P<0.01 and P<0.05) correlated although the pair wise was weak.

关键词：沉积物马来西亚半岛有机物质螃蟹

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CONCENTRATIONS OF Cd, Cu AND Zn IN SEDIMENTS COLLECTED FROM URBAN LAKES AT KELANA JAYA, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

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湿地科学 2004年第4期2卷 248-258页

作者： Ahmad Ismail chee kong yap Fong Fei Chan Department of Biology Faculty of Science Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Biology Faculty of Science Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Biology Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM 43400 Serdang Selangor MalaysiaUPM 43400 Serdang Selangor MalaysiaUPM 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia

Kelana Jaya Municipal Park is a popular recreation park in Petaling Jaya. The five lakes, located within the Park, were ex-mining ponds, functioning as flood retention ponds and receiving effluents from nearby human activities mainly from residents and transportation. A study was conducted to determine the distribution and sources of heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Zn) in the sediments of Kelana Jaya Lakes. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn for surface sediment were determined by using aqua-regia method and sequential extraction technique. Total Cd concentrations ranged from 0.48 μg/g to 2.68 μg/g dry weight (dw) for all lakes. Total Cd concentrations in sediment of all lakes exceeded CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2001) guidelines. Total Cu concentrations ranged from 7.37 μg/g to 73.6 μg/g (dw). Only Cu concentration in one lake exceeded the CCME guidelines besides having the highest mean concentration among all. Total Zn concentrations ranged from 107 μg/g to 529 μg/g (dw). Again, The Zn concentrations in three lakes were found to exceed CCME guidelines for Zn concentration in freshwater sediment. Geochemical study on sediment revealed that nonresistant fractions for Cd, Cu and Zn for other lakes there were higher than ‘resistant’ fraction. The elevated levels and most percentages (>50%) of nonresistant fractions of Cu and Zn indicated that lakes in the park, especially near oxidation pond and monsoon drains, could have received anthropogenic metals from domestic wastes. Rehabilitation program and regular biomonitoring at Kelana Jaya Lakes are therefore recommended.

关键词： Cd Cu Zn 沉积物湖泊重金属马来群岛环境污染

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SPATIAL VARIATION OF Zn GEOCHEMICAL FRACTIONS IN THE SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE STRAITS OF MALACCA: NATURAL OR ANTHROPOGENIC?

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湿地科学 2005年第2期3卷 94-103页

作者： chee kong yap Ahmad Ismail Soon Guan Tan Department of Biology Faculty of Science University of Putra MalaysiaUPM43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysiaDepartment of BiologyFaculty of Science University of Putra MalaysiaUPM43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysiaDepartment of BiologyFaculty of Science University of Putra MalaysiaUPM43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia

Total concentrations of Zn in the sediments of the offshore and intertidal areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were recently reported in the literaturs. However, total concentrations of metals in the sediment samples do not reflect the portion or carrier phase which is attributable to anthropogenic activities and those of natural origins. In this work, geochemical fraction of Zn in the sediments of the same areas was studied and the potential use of CV as an indicator of Zn pollution was determined. The geochemical study by using sequential extraction technique revealed that nonresistant fraction of the offshore and intertidal sediments (summation of ‘easily or freely leachable and exhangeable (EFLE)’, ‘acid-reducible’ and ‘oxidisable-organic’) covered about 30% and 48% of total zinc concentrations, respectively, in the sediments while most of the total zinc concentrations (offshore: 70%; intertidal: 52%) found in the sediments could be mostly due to natural origins (nonresistant fraction). Thus, the Zn levels in the Straits of Malacca should not pose a risk to the living organisms. Based on Spearman’s correlation coefficients, the source of Zn contamination in the Straits of Malacca was mainly contributed by the intertidal coastal area rather than offshore area. The present study also indicated the coefficient of variation can be used as a potential indicator of total summation of geochemical Zn concentrations in the coastal sediment but of different geochemical of Zn needs further validation.

关键词： Zn 重金属环境地学锌环境影响

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HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS COLLECTED FROM DRAINAGES RECEIVING DIFFERENT ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

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湿地科学 2007年第2期5卷 97-104页

作者： chee kong yap Mohd. Fairuz Supian Yoong Inn Hoo Soon Guan Tan Department of Biology Facumty of Science University Putra Malaysia UPM 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia

Surface drainage sediments were collected, between January and April in 2005, from 6 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia suspected to have received different anthropogenic sources. These drainages included sites near a petrochemical plant, an electronic factory, a metal factory and 2 townships in addition to a relatively unpolluted site (a reference site). Based on the aqua-regia method, the metal concentrations for all the sampling sites except for the agricultural site (reference site) at Sg. Benut were between 60.92-1 019 μg/g dry weight for copper (Cu), 65.32-1 266.6μg/g dry weight for plumbum (Pb), 1.46-15.93 μg/g dry weight for cadmium (Cd), 330.10-484.14 μg/g dry weight for zinc (Zn) and 47.03-120.90 μg/g dry weight for nickel (Ni). All of these ranges were significantly (pkong by Chapman et al (1999) for the 5 metals. Based on the sequential extraction technique, 3 geochemical fractions [easily, freely leachable and exchangeable (EFLE), acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic] were also useful in identifying these polluted sites. The elevated metal concentrations found in the sediments might be related to point sources of industrial effluent and urban waste. Hence, the results emphasized the necessity for the treatment of effluents into this drainage area. As part of the effort to control illegal discharges and dumping into drainages, public awareness should be enhanced.

关键词：重金属污染马来群岛人为因素表面沉积物水污染

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