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Structural Elucidation of the Polymeric Condensed Tannins of Acacia nilotica Subspecies by ^(13)C NMR, MALDI-TOF and TMA as Sources of Bioadhesives

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1291-1310页

作者： Zeinab Osman Antonio Pizzi bertrand charrier Institute of Engineering Research and Materials Technology National Center for ResearchP.O.Box 2404KhartoumSudan ENSTIB-LERMAB University of Lorraine27 rue Philippe SeguinEpinal88000France Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for the Environment and Materials-Xylomat(IPREM-UMR5254)University of Pau and the Adour RegionE2S UPPACNRSMont de Marsan40004France

Tannin was extracted from different subspecies of Acacia nilotica,Acacia nilotica nilotica(Ann),Acacia nilotica tomentosa(Ant)and Acacia nilotica adansonii(Ana).The aim was to elucidate their structure and evaluate their reactivity as bioadhesives in the wood *** extracts were prepared by hot water extraction(90°C tem-perature).Their gel time with paraformaldehyde was used atﬁrst to compare their *** tannin contents and the percentage of total polyphenolic materials in different solutions of the extracts spray dried powder were determined by the hide powder *** solutions(47%)were tested by both MALDI ToF,*** thermomechanical analysis(TMA)was performed to evaluate their modulus of elasticity(MOE)at different *** gel times of all the three tannin extracts showed that their reactivity and it was com-parable to other known procyanidin/prodelphinidin tannin extract ***,Ann and Ant showed highest per-cent of total polyphenolic materials at 70%,64%,and 57%,*** 13CNMR spectra showed that the three subspecies of condensed tannins were mainly constituted of procyanidins(PC)and prodelphinidins(PD)in slightly different ***(56.5%PC and 43.4%PD),Ant(57%PC and 43%PD)and Ana(58%PC and 42%PD).MALDI–TOF spectra showed the presence ofﬂavonoid monomers,and oligomers some of which linked to short carbohydrates monomers or *** revealed that the three types of tannins had high MOE at their initial pH(5).

关键词： Acacia nilotica condensed tannins procyanidins prodelphinidins 13C NMR MALDI-ToF

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A Comprehensive Analysis of the Thermo-Chemical Properties of Sudanese Biomass for Sustainable Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第4期12卷 721-736页

作者： Wadah Mohammed Zeinab Osman Salah Elarabi bertrand charrier Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physical-Chemistry for the Environment and Materials-Xylomat University of Pau and the Adour RegionE2S UPPACNRSIPREM-UMR 5254Mont de Marsan40004France Institute of Engineering Research and Materials Technology(IERMT) National Center for Research(NCR)Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific ResearchKhartoum11111Sudan Faculty of Industries Engineering and Technology University of GeziraGezira State21111Sudan

The chemical composition and thermal properties of natural fibers are the most critical variables that determine the overall properties of the fibers and influence their processing and use in different sustainable applications,such as their conversion into bioenergy and *** thermal and mechanical properties can be estimated by evaluating the content of cellulose,lignin,and other extractives in the *** this research work,the chemical composition and thermal properties of three fibers,namely bagasse,kenaf bast fibers,and cotton stalks,were evaluated to assess their potential utilization in producing biocomposites and bioenergy *** chemical composition analysis followed the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Standards(TAPPI)*** total phenol content was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method,while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)was employed to assess the light absorption by the *** evaluate thermal stability and higher heating values,Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA),Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC),and bomb calorimetry were *** chemical analysis revealed that bagasse contained 50.6%cellulose and 21.6%lignin,kenaf bast fibers had 58.5%cellulose and 10%lignin,and cotton stalks exhibited 40.3%cellulose and 21.3%*** FTIR curves demonstrated a notable similarity among the *** TGA analysis showed degradation temperatures of 321°C for bagasse,354°C for kenaf bast fibers,and 289°C for cotton *** DSC analysis revealed glass transition temperatures of 81°C for bagasse,66.3°C for cotton stalks,and 64.5°C for kenaf bast *** higher heating values were measured as 17.3,16.6 and 17.1 MJ/kg for bagasse,kenaf bast fibers,and cotton stalks,*** three fibers have a high potential for biocomposites and bioenergy material manufacturing.

关键词： Bagasse kenaf bast fibers cotton stalks TGA DSC FTIR

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Extraction and Characterization of Aucoumea klaineana Pierre (Okoume) Extractives

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第6期7卷 517-522页

作者： Engozogho Anris Starlin Peguy Bikoro Bi Athomo Arsene Vidal Marcia Denaud Louis Safou Tchiama Rodrigue charrier bertrand CNRS/Univ Pau&Pays Adour Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux-XylomatUMR525440004Mont de MarsanFrance Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois(LaReVa Bois).Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique(ENSET).BP.3989 LibrevilleGabon Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et de Synthèses Organométalliques(LASNSOM).Unitéde Recherche en Chimie(URChi).BP.941 Universitédes Sciences et Techniques de Masuku.Franceville Gabon Laboratoire Bourguignon des Matériaux et Procédé ClunyFrance Ecole Catholique d'Arts et Métiers(ECAM) 40 Montée Saint Barthéllemy69321Lyon cedex O5France-Lyon

In order to promote convenient strategies for the utilization of wood wastes from aucoumea klaineana pierre(okoume)timber industry,various chemical analysis were carried out on samples from different *** extractives content of the bark,sapwood and heartwood of okoume were *** analyses were performed and the stiasny number was *** was found that the bark was richer in fatty acid of high molecular weight while the sapwood was rich in fatty acid of low molecular *** condensed tannins content varied according to the origin and the part of the *** new findings should be useful for green okoume based tannin adhesives.

关键词： Extractibles fatty acids tannins polyphenols stiasny number TGA

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Light-stabilized GIL1 suppresses PIN3 activity to inhibit hypocotyl gravitropism

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第9期66卷 1886-1897页

作者： Xiaolian Wang Yanfang Yuan Laurence charrier Zhaoguo Deng Markus Geisler Xing Wang Deng Haodong Chen Center for Plant Biology School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Biology University of FribourgFribourg 1700Switzerland

Light and gravity coordinately regulate the directional growth of *** Gravitropic in the Light 1(GIL1)inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls in red and far-red light,but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain *** study found that GIL1 is a plasma membrane-localized *** endodermal cells of the upper part of hypocotyls,GIL1 controls the negative gravitropism of ***1 directly interacts with PIN3 and inhibits the auxin transport activity of *** of PIN3 suppresses the abnormal gravitropic response of gil1 *** GIL1 protein is unstable in darkness but it is stabilized by red and far-red ***,our data suggest that light-stabilized GIL1 inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls by suppressing the activity of the auxin transporter PIN3,thereby enhancing the emergence of young seedlings from the soil.

关键词： GIL1 gravitropism hypocotyls light PIN3

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Effects of fluctuating thermal regimes on cold survival and life history traits of the spotted wing Drosophila(Drosophila suzukii)

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Insect Science 2020年第2期27卷 317-335页

作者： Thomas Enriquez David Ruel Maryvonne charrier Herve Colinet CNRS ECOBIO-UMR 6553Universite de RennesRennesFrance Department of Entomology The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO 12Rchovot 76100Isael

Drosophila suzukii is an invasive pest causing severe damages to a large panel of cultivated *** facili tate its biocontrol with stratcgies such as sterile or incompatible insect techniques,*** must be mass-produced and then stored and transported under low *** cold exposure induces chill injuries that can be mitigated if the cold period is interrupted with short warming intervals,referred to as fluctuating thermal regimes(FTR).In this study,we tested how to optimally use FTR to extend the shelf life of *** under cold *** FTR parameters were asessed:temperature(15,20,25℃),duration(0.5,1,2,3 h),and frequency(every 12,24,36,48 h)of warming intervals,in two wild-type lines and in two developmental stages(pupac and adults).Generally,FTR improved cold storage tolerance with respect to constant low temperatures(CLT).Cold mortality was lower when recovery temperature was 20℃ or higher,when duration was 2 h per day or longer,and when warming interruptions occurred frequently(every 12 or 24 h).Applying an optimized FTR protocol to adults greatly reduced cold mortality over long-term storage(up to 130 d).Consequences of FTR on fitness-related traits were also *** adults,poststorage survival was unaffected by FTR,as was the case for female fecundity and male mating *** the other hand,when cold storage occurred at pupal stage,postorage survival and male mating capacity were altered under CLT,but not under *** storage of pupae,female fecundity was lower under FTR compared to CLT,suggesting an energy trade-off between repair of chill damages and C22 *** study provides detailed information on the application and optimization of an FTR-based protocol for cold storage of *** that could be useful for the biocontrol of this pest.

关键词： cold storage fluctuating thermal regines lfe-history traits recovery sotted wing drosophila

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Identification of Phenolic Compounds from *** by Selected Chromatographic and Spectrometric Techniques

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第1期9卷 35-48页

作者： A.Bikoro Bi Athomo S.P.Engozogho Anris R.Safou Tchiama F.Eyma C.Arnaudguilhem B.charrier CNRS Universitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourInstitut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux-XylomatUMR5254Mont de MarsanFrance Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois(LaReVa Bois) Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique(ENSET)LibrevilleGabon Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et de Synthèses Organométalliques(LASNSOM) Unitéde Recherche en ChimieUniversitédes Sciences et Techniques de MasukuFrancevilleGabon Institut Clément Ader(ICA) Universitéde ToulouseCNRSUMR 5312-INSA-ISAE-Mines Albi-UPSTarbesFrance CNRS Univ Pau&Pays de l’Adour/E2S UPPAInstitut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les MatériauxUMR5254PauFrance

A complementary approach using Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric analysis was proposed to characterize phenolic compounds from the methanol-water extracts of *** *** High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)complementary methods were used for the determination of phenolic compounds from the bark,sapwood and heartwood of *** employed involved direct analysis after filtration at 0.20μm,using a RP C18 column and UV-VIS/ESI-FTMS *** methods used were different by their elution gradient and allowed analyzing the chemical composition of three parts of African mahogany *** this study,22 phenolic compounds and derivatives from *** were separated,determined or tentatively characterized for the first time based on their methanol/water/formic acid extract mass *** difference of gradients eluted various compounds,8 were obtained with the first method and 14 with the second *** main products were hydroxybenzoic acid and derivatives,resorcinol,esterified compounds,mannitol,quercetin and derivatives,dihydroxyflavan,and trihydroxyflavan.

关键词： Bark RP_HPLC ESI-FTMS sapwood heartwood K.ivorensis phenolic compounds

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Salmonella enterica Flagellin Is Recognized via FLS2 and Activates PAMP-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2014年第4期7卷 657-674页

作者： Ana Victoria Garcia Amelie charrier Adam Schikora Jean Bigeard Stephanie Pateyron Marie-Ludivine de Tauzia-Moreau Alexandre Evrard Axel Mithofer Marie Laure Martin-Magniette Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant Heribert Hirt Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale (URGV) UMR INRA/CNRS/Universite d'Evry Val d'Essonne 91057 Evry France Institute for Plant Pathology and Applied Zoology Research Centre for BioSystems Land Use and Nutrition JL University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany Transcriptomic Platform Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale (URGV) 91057 Evry France Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany INRA UMR 518 MIA 75005 Paris France AgroParisTech UMR 518 MIA 75005 Paris France INRA UMR 1282 infectiologie et Sante Publique 37380 Nouzilly France

Infections with Salmonella enterica belong to the most prominent causes of food poisoning and infected fruits and vegetables represent important vectors for salmonellosis. Recent evidence indicates that plants recognize S. enterica and raise defense responses. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction of S. enterica with plants are still largely unclear. Here, we show that flagellin from S. enterica represents a prominent pathogenassociated molecular pattern （PAMP） in Arabidopsis thaliana, which induces PAMP-triggered immunity （PTI） via the recognition of the fig22 domain by the receptor kinase FLS2. The Arabidopsis fls2 mutant shows reduced though not abolished PTI activation, indicating that plants rely also on recognition of other S. enterica PAMPs. Interestingly, the S. enterica type III secretion system （T3SS） mutant prgH- induced stronger defense gene expression than wild-type bacteria in Arabidopsis, suggesting that T3SS effectors are involved in defense suppression. Furthermore, we observe that S. enterica strains show variation in the fig22 epitope, which results in proteins with reduced PTI-inducing activity. Altogether, these results show that S. enterica activates PTI in Arabidopsis and suggest that, in order to accomplish plant colonization, S. enterica evolved strategies to avoid or suppress PTI.

关键词： Salmonella enterica Arabidopsis thaliana flagellin FLS2 immunity.

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Early dynamic transcriptomic changes during preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: A feasibility study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第21期19卷 3249-3254页

作者： Stephane Supiot Wilfried Gouraud Loc Campion Pascal Jezéquel Bruno Buecher Josiane charrier Marie-Francoise Heymann Marc-Andre Mahé Emmanuel Rio Michel Chérel Department of Radiation Oncology Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest René Gauducheau44800 Nantes-St-HerblainFrance INSERM U892 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-AngersUniversity of Nantes44000 NantesFrance Centre Hospitalier Universitaire 44000 NantesFrance Department of Nuclear Medicine Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest René Gauducheau44800 Nantes-Saint HerblainFrance

AIM: To develop novel biomarkers of rectal radiotherapy, we measured gene expression profiles on biopsies taken before and during preoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: Six patients presenting with a locally advanced rectal cancer (T>T2, N0/Nx, M0) eligible for preoperative radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions) were selected in a pilot study. Six tumor and 3 normal tissues biopsies were taken before and during radiotherapy,after a dose of 7.2 Gy at a median time of 1 h following irradiation (0:27-2:12). Tumor or normal tissue purity was assessed by a pathologist prior to RNA extraction. Mean RNA content was 23 μg/biopsy (14-37) before radiotherapy and 22.7 μg/biopsy (12-35) during radiotherapy. After RNA amplification, biopsies were analysed with 54K HG-U133A Plus 2.0 Affymetrix expression micro-arrays. Data were normalized according to MAS5 algorithm. A gene expression ratio was calculated as: (gene expression during radiotherapy-gene expression before radiotherapy)/gene expression before radiotherapy. Were selected genes that showed a ratio higher than ± 0.5 in all 6 patients. RESULTS: Microarray analysis showed that preoperative radiotherapy significantly up-regulated 31 genes and down-regulated 6 genes. According to the Gene Ontology project classification, these genes are involved in protein metabolism (ADAMDEC1 ; AKAP7 ; CAPN5 ; CLIC5 ; CPE ; CREB3L1 ; NEDD4L ; RAB27A), ion transport (AKAP7 ; ATP2A3 ; CCL28 ; CLIC5 ; F2RL2 ; NEDD4L ; SLC6A8), transcription (AKAP7 ; CREB3L1 ; ISX ; PAB-PC1L ; TXNIP), signal transduction (CAPN5 ; F2RL2 ; RA- B27A ; TNFRSF11A), cell adhesion (ADAMDEC1 ; PXDN ; SPON1 ; S100A2), immune response (CCL28 ; PXDN ; TNFRSF11A) and apoptosis (ITM2C ; PDCD4 ; PVT1). Up-regulation of 3 genes (CCL28 ; CLIC5 ; PDCD4) was detected by 2 different probes and up-regulation of 2 genes (RAB27A ; TXNIP) by 3 probes. CONCLUSION: Micro-arrays can efficiently assess early transcriptomic changes during preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer, and may he

关键词： CCL28 CLIC5 PDCD4 RAB27A TXNIP Protein metabolism Cell adhesion Cell migration SPON1 Carboxypeptidase E

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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期63卷 1-43页

作者： Jaime Alvarez-Muniz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio Bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier charrier Ismael Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong Krijn D.De Vries Ralph Engel Ke Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici Quan Bu Gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang Kumiko Kotera Sandra Le Coz Jean-Philippe Lenain Guo Liang Léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez Kohta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oikonomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang Li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Markus Roth Frank G.Schroder Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman Matías Tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zarka Andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian Li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles Departamento de Fisica de Particulas&lnstituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain Instituto de Astronomia Geofisica e Ciencias AtmosfericasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao Paulo-SP 05508-090Brazil Department of Physics-Astrophysics University of OxfordDWBOxford 0X13RHUK Institute of Experimental Particle Physics(ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsru he D-76021Germany Laboratoire de Physique Nucleeaire et de Hautes Energies(LPNHE) Sorbonne UniversiteUniversite Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CiteCNRS place Jussieu F-75252Paris Cedex 5France Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Discovery Center Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics(CCA.PP)&Department of Physics Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain 0SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique-CNRS/IN2P3-Universite de NantesNantes 44300France Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de KEnvironnement et de VEspace LPC2E CNRS-Universite d'Orleans Orleans F-45071France Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay Observatoire de ParisCNRS/INSU F-18330 NangayFrance Sorbonne Universite UMR 7095Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris98 bis bd AragoParis 75014France Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics(IMAPP)Radboud UniversiteitNijmegen 6500Netherlands Nationaal Instituut voor Kemfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica(NIKHEF) Amsterdam NL-1009Netherlands IIHE/ELEM Vrije Universiteit BrusselPleinlaan 2Brussels 1050Belgium Institute for Nuclear Physics(IKP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe D-76021Germany Einstein Fellow Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94305USA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742-2421USA Joint Space-Science Institute College Park MD 20742-2421USA Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm UniversityStockholm SE-10691Sweden Department of Phy

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge *** goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic *** do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched *** will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the *** design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals *** we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation:sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays:galactic and extragalactic

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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 5-47页

作者： Jaime álvarez-Mu?iz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio Bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier charrier Isma?l Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong Krijn D.De Vries Ralph Engel Ke Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici Quan Bu Gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang Kumiko Kotera Sandra Le Coz Jean-Philippe Lenain Guo Liang Léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez Kohta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oikonomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang Li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Markus Roth Frank G.Schr ?der Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman Matías Tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zarka Andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian Li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles Departamento de Física de Partículas & Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S?o Paulo Department of Physics—Astrophysics University of Oxford DWB Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Laboratoire de Physique Nucléeaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE) Sorbonne Université Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK Niels Bohr Institute Discovery Center Niels Bohr Institute Center for Cosmology and Astro Particle Physics (CCAPP) & Department of Physics Ohio State University Universidade de Santiago de Compostela SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique – CNRS/IN2P3 – Université de Nantes Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace LPC2E CNRS-Université d’Orléans Station de Radioastronomie de Nan?cay Observatoire de Paris Sorbonne Université UMR 7095 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP) Radboud Universiteit Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF) IIHE/ELEM Vrije Universiteit Brussel Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Einstein Fellow Stanford University Department of Astronomy University of Maryland Joint Space-Science Institute Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm University Department of Physics Stockholm University Astro Particule et Cosmologie (APC) Université Paris Diderot CNRS/IN2P3 CEA/Irfu Observatoire de Paris Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University LUTH Observatoire de Paris

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection（GRAND） is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy（UHE） cosmic particles, with energies exceeding 10～8 Ge V. Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays. To do this, GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity. GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere. Its design is modular: 20 separate, independent sub-arrays, each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km2. A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early. Here we present the science goals, detection strategy, preliminary design, performance goals, and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation: sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays

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