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Postpartum Infection in Morbidly Obese Women after Caesarean Section: Does Early Prophylactic Oral Antibiotic Use Make a Difference?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第9期4卷 547-549页

作者： Hannah Yeeles Sarah Trinick charmaine childs Hora Soltani Tom Farrell Centre for Health and Social Care Research Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK Jessop Wing Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Sheffield UK Rotherham General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Rotherham UK

The rising prevalence of morbid obesity particularly in women coupled with a higher likelihood of having a caesarean section (C-section) birth and an increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI) places wound management among priority areas in maternity care. There is ambiguity about the efficacy of routine preventative care pathways particularly in morbid obese women with regards to SSI after caesarean section. A pilot study was therefore undertaken to explore the number of women with a C-section infection in a cohort of morbidly obese women during six weeks postpartum against a protocol of standard care of early antibiotic prophylaxis and skin closure practice. A short questionnaire was sent to 59 women with an early pregnancy BMI ≥ 40 who gave birth?via?C-section in a large maternity unit in Sheffield, UK. Data were collated from 39 women with 20 (51%) developing a post-operative wound infection within 6 weeks postpartum. Infections were higher in the women who had emergency C-section births (14/24, 60%). There was no significant difference in wound infection risk with respect to wound closure material (Chi-square = 0.298, p-value = 0.86) or the use of oral prophylactic antibiotic after birth (Chi-square = 0.2053, p-value = 0.650). Although all the women received routine intravenous (IV) antibiotics before C-section, only 26/39 received the 5-day oral antibiotic prophylaxis after birth. Six of 13 women who did not receive postpartum oral antibiotics (46%) developed a SSI. In summary, over half of morbidly obese women who delivered by C-section developed a wound infection, despite receiving prophylactic antibiotics. We acknowledge the limitations of these results from?a small-sample retrospective observational study. However,?this may indicate that post operative antibiotic prophylaxis confers no additional benefit in this group of patients and thus requires further investigation.

关键词： Wound Surgical Site Infection Morbidly Obese Caesarean Section

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Infra-red Thermal Imaging of the Inner Canthus: Correlates with the Temperature of the Injured Human Brain

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第10期4卷 53-56页

作者： charmaine childs Mya Myint Zu Aung Phyo Wai Yeo Tseng Tsai Shiqian Wu Wang Li ALCNS and Department of Surgery National University of Singapore (NUS) National University Hospital (NUH) ALCNS and Department of Surgery National University of Singapore (NUS) National University Hospital (NUH) Singapore National Metrology Centre (NMC) A*Star Singapore Signal Processing Department Institute for Infocomm Research 1 Fusionopolis Way #21-01 Connexis Singapore 138632

Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.

关键词： Brain Temperature Infra-red Thermometry Inner Canthus Thermal Imaging Eye

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Digestibility and metabolism of copper in diets for pigs and influence of dietary copper on growth performance,intestinal health,and overall immune status:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 426-437页

作者： charmaine D.Espinosa Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA

The current contribution reviews absorption and metabolism of copper(Cu),Cu deficiency,Cu toxicity,Cu bioavailability,and effects of pharmacological levels of Cu on growth performance and intestinal health of *** is a micro mineral involved in metabolic reactions including cellular respiration,tissue pigmentation,hemoglobin formation,and connective tissue *** is mostly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract,particularly in the duodenum,but some Cu is absorbed in the *** way to evaluate the efficacy of sources of Cu is to measure relative bioavailability where responses include tissue concentrations of Cu,concentrations of metalloproteins,and enzymatic activity of animals fed test diets containing graded levels of *** requirement for Cu by pigs is 5 to 10 mg/kg diet,however,Cu can be included at growth-promoting levels(i.e.,75 to 250 mg/kg diet)in diets for weanling and growing pigs to reduce post-weaning diarrhea and improve growth *** consistently observed improvement in growth performance upon Cu supplementation is likely a result of increases in lipase activity,growth hormone secretion,and expression of genes involved in postabsorptive metabolism of *** growth-promoting effects of dietary Cu have also been attributed to its bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties because Cu may change bacterial populations in the intestine,and thereby reduce inflammation caused by ***,further research is needed to determine potential interactions between Cu and non-nutritive feed additives(e.g.,enzymes,probiotics,phytobiotics),and the optimum quantity of Cu as well as the optimum duration of feeding supplemental Cu in diets for pigs should be further *** gaps needs to be addressed to maximize inclusion of Cu in diets to improve growth performance while minimizing diseases and mortality.

关键词： Copper Copper nutrition Intestinal health Metabolism Pharmacological concentrations Pigs

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Animal- and Human-Inspired Nanostructures as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials: A Review

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 151-175页

作者： Iftikhar Hussain charmaine Lamiel Sumanta Sahoo Muhammad Sufyan Javed Muhammad Ahmad Xi Chen Shuai Gu Ning Qin Mohammed AAssiri Kaili Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Chemical Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Department of Chemistry Madanapalle Institute of Technology and ScienceMadanapalleAndhra Pradesh 517325India School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

Human civilization has been relentlessly inspired by the nurturing lessons;nature is teaching *** birds to airplanes and bullet trains,nature gave us a lot of perspective in aiding the progress and development of countless industries,inventions,transportation,and many *** only that nature inspired us in such technological advances but also,nature stimulated the advancement of micro-and ***-inspired nanoarchitectures have been consid-ered a favorable structure in electrode materials for a wide range of *** offers various positive attributes,especially in energy storage applications,such as the formation of hierarchical two-dimen-sional and three-dimensional interconnected networked structures that benefit the electrodes in terms of high surface area,high porosity and rich surface textural features,and eventually,delivering high capacity and outstanding overall material *** this review,we compre-hensively assessed and compiled the recent advances in various nature-inspired based on animal-and human-inspired nanostructures used for *** comprehensive review will help researchers to accommodate nature-inspired nanostructures in industrializing energy storage and many other applications.

关键词： Nature-inspired nanostructure Supercapacitors Energy storage Animal-inspired and human-inspired nanostructures

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Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of Schiff bases derived from 2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第12期26卷 858-871页

作者： Monisola Itohan Ikhile Marthe Carine Djuidje Fotsing charmaine Ardeme Jane Catherine Ngila Derek Tantoh Ndinteh Department of Applied Chemistry University of JohannesburgDoornfontein CampusPO 17011Johannesburg 2028South Africa Department of Chemistry University of JohannesburgP O Box 524Auckland ParkJohannesburg 2006South Africa

Four novel Schiff bases were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxyl-3-nitrobenzaldehyde with either benzothiazoles or benzimidazolamines. The compounds 1–4 were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The crystal structures of 6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine and compound 2 are reported only. The 6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine was found to crystallize in the orthorhombic crystal system in the space group Pbca, having eight molecules in the unit cell, while compound 2 was found to crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system in the space group P2_1/c. The biological activities of these compounds were investigated by evaluating their antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anti-HIV and anti-trypanosomiasis activities. These compounds displayed very interesting antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anti-trypanosomiasis, anti-HIV and low cytotoxicity activity against HeLa cells.

关键词： Schiff bases Biological activity Synthesis X-ray diffraction Characterization

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Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 140-147页

作者： charmaine Jan Li Toh Chang Liu Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Molly Tzu Yu Lin Louis Tong Yu-Chi Liu Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or *** formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerves,such as following corneal pathology or corneal or intraocular surge ***,denervated areas of sensory nerve fibers become invaded by sprouts of intact sensory nerve fibers,and later injured axons regenerate and new sprouts called neuromas *** recent years,analysis of corneal nerve abnormalities including corneal neuromas which can be identified using in vivo confocal microscopy,a non-invasive imaging technique with microscopic resolution,has been used to evaluate corneal neuropathy and ocular surface *** neuromas have been shown to be associated with clinical symptoms of discomfort and dryness of eyes,and are a promising surrogate biomarker for ocular surface diseases,such as neuropathic corneal pain,dry eye disease,diabetic corneal neuropathy,neurotrophic keratopathy,Sjogren's syndrome,bullous keratopathy,post-refra ctive surgery,and *** this review,we have summarized the current literature on the association between these ocular surface diseases and the presentation of corneal microneuromas,as well as elaborated on their pathogenesis,visualization via in vivo confocal microscopy,and utility in monitoring treatment *** current quantitative analysis on neuromas mainly relies on manual annotation and quantification,which is user-dependent and labor-intensive,future direction includes the development of artificial intelligence software to identify and quantify these potential imaging biomarkers in a more automated and sensitive manner,allowing it to be applied in clinical settings more *** imaging and molecular biomarkers may also help elucidate the associations between corneal neuromas and ocular surface diseases.

关键词： cornea corneal diseases corneal nerve corneal neuropathy in vivo confocal microscopy microneuroma neuroma ocular surface diseases

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Shanghai Organic

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China International Business 2011年第5期 22-24页

作者： charmaine N. CLARKE

Five years and more than RMB 200 million （USD 30.4 million） after Tony Zhang decided to transform 29o acres of land near Pudong International Airport into Shanghais largest organic farm, his efforts have begun to pay off. After spending four years preparing the land to meet the standards needed to grow produce that＇s certified 100% organic,

关键词：有机化学上海浦东国际机场生产标准人民币美元土地农场

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Novel and emerging diabetes mellitus drug therapies for the type 2 diabetes patient

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第3期5卷 305-315页

作者： charmaine D Rochester Oluwaranti Akiyode Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science Howard University College of Pharmacy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of deranged fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia as a result of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion. Although a wide variety of diabetes therapies is available, yet limited efficacy, adverse effects, cost, contraindications, renal dosage adjustments, inflexible dosing schedules and weight gain significantly limit their use. In addition, many patients in the United States fail to meet the therapeutic HbA1c goal of < 7% set by the American Diabetes Association. As such new and emerging diabetes therapies with different mechanisms of action hope to address some of these drawbacks to improve the patient with type 2 diabetes. This article reviews new and emerging classes, including the sodium-glucosecotransporter-2 inhibitors, 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors, glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors; protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors, G Protein-Coupled receptor agonists and glucokinase activators. These emerging diabetes agents hold the promise of providing benefit of glucose lowering, weight reduction, low hypoglycemia risk, improve insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β cell preservation, and oral formulation availability. However, further studies are needed to evaluate their safety profile, cardiovascular effects, and efficacy durability in order to determine their role in type 2 diabetes management.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Sodium dependent glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors 11β -Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors G protein-coupled receptor agonists Glucokinase activators

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鉴定咖啡中决定咖啡因和绿原酸积累的MADS-Box基因

鉴定咖啡中决定咖啡因和绿原酸积累的MADS-Box基因

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作者： charmaine NTINI 中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉植物园)

学位级别：硕士

咖啡是世界上消费最广泛的饮料,也是仅次于石油的第二大国际贸易商品。咖啡品质是一个复杂性状,与果实发育过程中各种风味组分的积累密切相关。本研究鉴定了咖啡MADS-box基因家族中MIKCc类型成员并对其表达进行了分析。经过系统发育分析... 详细信息

咖啡是世界上消费最广泛的饮料,也是仅次于石油的第二大国际贸易商品。咖啡品质是一个复杂性状,与果实发育过程中各种风味组分的积累密切相关。本研究鉴定了咖啡MADS-box基因家族中MIKCc类型成员并对其表达进行了分析。经过系统发育分析,共鉴定出29个MIKCc型MADS-box基因。在此基础上,结合转录组分析以及前人报道的MADS-box基因在调节次级代谢产物中作用研究,进一步选择了三个MIKCc型MADS-box基因(Cc AG2、Cc FUL和Cc AGL8)对其功能进行了分析。这三个基因在咖啡叶片和种子中均成功实现了瞬时过表达,并用光谱法测定了咖啡因和绿原酸的含量,以评估这些基因在这些次生代谢产物调控中的作用。病毒诱导的基因沉默(VIGS)技术也用于了叶片瞬时转基因研究。结果表明,Cc AG2在咖啡叶片和种子中过表达抑制咖啡因和绿原酸的合成,而Cc FUL和Cc AGL8过表达促进咖啡因和绿原酸的积累。同时,在叶片中瞬时沉默Cc AG2的表达导致咖啡因和绿原酸含量的增加,而叶片中瞬时沉默Cc FUL和Cc AGL8的表达叶片降低咖啡因和绿原酸的积累。这些结果表明,MADS-Box基因Cc AG2、Cc FUL和Cc AGL8参与咖啡因和绿原酸合成的调控。该研究为咖啡品质遗传改良提供了理论和技术支撑。

关键词：咖啡 MADS-Box转录因咖啡因绿原酸果实品质

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Improvement of Information Flow in the Construction Supply Chain

Improvement of Information Flow in the Construction Supply C...

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作者： Veronica charmaine Chua 华北电力大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

In automotive and manufacturing industries, Lean principle has been widely recognized and adopted with the main purpose of improving supply chain management and performance through waste reduction. Nowadays, it is applied in the construction industry as a means to improve its overall project supply chain and performance as well. However, various researches proved that merely physical waste reduction is no longer sufficient as efficient information flow is the key and lifeblood to the success in this information technology digital era. This opens up an idea that for a construction company to be competitive enough, it depends on the adoption and effective application of digitalization in construction supply chain in terms of information flow. The main objective of this paper is to achieve lean construction supply chain through digitalization of construction supply chain’s information flow. In order to achieve this, the process requires real-time information sharing among all the participants from centralized information source of the supply chain, thus, the author aims to present a theoretical digitalization process of the information flow on general contractor’s level in lieu with this idea. The digitalization of information flow is critically essential to the enhancement of the current supply chain network of the construction. When there is an increase in the effectiveness and accuracy of information transfer involved in the construction information supply chain, various costs due to errors, delays and rework are greatly reduced through the digitalization. In order to become knowledgeable of typical work process in the supply chain and to choose the appropriate value stream or process for the completion of the work models for the paper, the author conducts an on-site semi-structured interview in a building construction site in the Philippines, which serves as the case study. In addition to that, value stream mapping （VSM） is used to outline the processes, to simplif

关键词： Lean Digitalization Construction Supply Chain Information Flow Value Stream Mapping

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