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Synthesis, characterization and biological applications of novel Schiff bases of 2-(trifluoromethoxy) aniline

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第5期27卷 307-323页

作者： Thierry Youmbi Fonkui Monisola Itohan Ikhile Freddy Munyololo Muganza Marthe Carine Djuidje Fotsing charmaine arderne Xavier Siwe-Noundou Rui Werner Macedo Krause Derek Tantoh Ndinteh Patrick Berka Njobeh Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology University of Johannesburg Department of Applied Chemistry University of Johannesburg Department of Chemistry Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Department of Chemistry University of Johannesburg Department of Chemistry Rhodes University

A series of five new Schiff bases(1–5) were synthesized by reacting 2-(trifluoromethoxy) aniline with different aromatic aldehydes. The Schiff base compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. Crystal structure of one new compound was also reported. The pharmacological properties, including antibacterial(14 bacterial species), antifungal(7 strains), antimalarial, anti-trypanosomal and anti-HIV activities of the compounds, were investigated. Cytotoxicity of the tested compounds was evaluated against human cervix adernocarcinoma cells(He La). Bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) results by broth microdilution method showed that Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella oxytoc and Klebsiella pneumonia were more sensitive in the presence of tested compounds with an MIC value of 15.6 μg/m L. All the tested compounds showed good to moderate activity against fungi. The sensitivity of Aspergillus fumigatus was higher than other strains with a minimum cell death concentration(MFC) of 15.6 μg/m L. Compound 1 showed greater antimalarial and anti-trypanosomal properties with very low to no cytotoxic effects against He La cells as compared with compound 5, while other compounds exhibited poor activity. Compounds 1–5 demonstrated good activity against HIV type-1. These Schiff base compounds could be used as good antimicrobial agents.

关键词： Synthesis Biological activity Schiff bases Antimicrobial 2-(Trifluoromethoxy) aniline

Dietary supplementation of valine,isoleucine,and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets for weanling pigs containing corn fermented protein

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 267-281页

作者： Andrea P.Mallea charmaine D.Espinosa Su A Lee Minoy A.Cristobal Leidy J.Torrez‑Mendoza Hans H.Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Present Address:EnviroFlight RaleighNCUSA.

Background Diets with high inclusion of corn co-products such as corn fermented protein(CFP)may contain excess Leu,which has a negative impact on feed intake and growth performance of pigs due to increased catabolism of Val and Ile and reduced availability of Trp in the brain for serotonin ***,we hypothesized that the negative effect of using CFP in diets for weanling pigs may be overcome if diets are fortified with crystalline sources of Val,Trp,and(or)*** Three hundred and twenty weanling pigs were randomly allotted to one of 10 dietary treatments in a com-pletely randomized design,with 4 pigs per pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment.A corn-soybean meal diet and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10%CFP or corn and 20%CFP were *** additional diets were formu-lated by fortifying the basal diet with 20%CFP with Ile,Trp,Val,Ile and Val,Ile and Trp,Trp and Val,or Ile,Trp and Val.A two-phase feeding program was used,with d 1 to 14 being phase 1 and d 15 to 28 being phase *** scores were recorded every other *** samples were collected on d 14 and 28 from one pig per *** d 14,fecal samples were collected from one pig per pen in 3 of the 10 treatments to determine volatile fatty acids,ammonium concen-tration,and microbial *** pigs were also euthanized and ileal tissue was *** There were no effects of dietary treatments on any of the parameters evaluated in phase *** of 10%or 20%CFP in diets reduced(P<0.05)final body weight on d 28,and average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)in phase 2 and for the entire experimental ***,pigs fed the CFP diet supplemented with Val,Ile,and Trp had final body weight,ADFI,ADG and gain to feed ratio in phase 2 and for the entire experiment that was not different from pigs fed the control *** scores in phase 2 were reduced(P<0.05)if CFP was *** Corn fermented protein may be included by up to 20%in diets for weanling pi

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Corn fermented protein Leucine Tryptophan Valine Weanling pigs

Digestibility and metabolism of copper in diets for pigs and influence of dietary copper on growth performance,intestinal health,and overall immune status:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 426-437页

作者： charmaine D.Espinosa Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA

The current contribution reviews absorption and metabolism of copper(Cu),Cu deficiency,Cu toxicity,Cu bioavailability,and effects of pharmacological levels of Cu on growth performance and intestinal health of *** is a micro mineral involved in metabolic reactions including cellular respiration,tissue pigmentation,hemoglobin formation,and connective tissue *** is mostly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract,particularly in the duodenum,but some Cu is absorbed in the *** way to evaluate the efficacy of sources of Cu is to measure relative bioavailability where responses include tissue concentrations of Cu,concentrations of metalloproteins,and enzymatic activity of animals fed test diets containing graded levels of *** requirement for Cu by pigs is 5 to 10 mg/kg diet,however,Cu can be included at growth-promoting levels(i.e.,75 to 250 mg/kg diet)in diets for weanling and growing pigs to reduce post-weaning diarrhea and improve growth *** consistently observed improvement in growth performance upon Cu supplementation is likely a result of increases in lipase activity,growth hormone secretion,and expression of genes involved in postabsorptive metabolism of *** growth-promoting effects of dietary Cu have also been attributed to its bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties because Cu may change bacterial populations in the intestine,and thereby reduce inflammation caused by ***,further research is needed to determine potential interactions between Cu and non-nutritive feed additives(e.g.,enzymes,probiotics,phytobiotics),and the optimum quantity of Cu as well as the optimum duration of feeding supplemental Cu in diets for pigs should be further *** gaps needs to be addressed to maximize inclusion of Cu in diets to improve growth performance while minimizing diseases and mortality.

关键词： Copper Copper nutrition Intestinal health Metabolism Pharmacological concentrations Pigs

Animal- and Human-Inspired Nanostructures as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials: A Review

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 151-175页

作者： Iftikhar Hussain charmaine Lamiel Sumanta Sahoo Muhammad Sufyan Javed Muhammad Ahmad Xi Chen Shuai Gu Ning Qin Mohammed AAssiri Kaili Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Chemical Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Department of Chemistry Madanapalle Institute of Technology and ScienceMadanapalleAndhra Pradesh 517325India School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

Human civilization has been relentlessly inspired by the nurturing lessons;nature is teaching *** birds to airplanes and bullet trains,nature gave us a lot of perspective in aiding the progress and development of countless industries,inventions,transportation,and many *** only that nature inspired us in such technological advances but also,nature stimulated the advancement of micro-and ***-inspired nanoarchitectures have been consid-ered a favorable structure in electrode materials for a wide range of *** offers various positive attributes,especially in energy storage applications,such as the formation of hierarchical two-dimen-sional and three-dimensional interconnected networked structures that benefit the electrodes in terms of high surface area,high porosity and rich surface textural features,and eventually,delivering high capacity and outstanding overall material *** this review,we compre-hensively assessed and compiled the recent advances in various nature-inspired based on animal-and human-inspired nanostructures used for *** comprehensive review will help researchers to accommodate nature-inspired nanostructures in industrializing energy storage and many other applications.

关键词： Nature-inspired nanostructure Supercapacitors Energy storage Animal-inspired and human-inspired nanostructures

Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 140-147页

作者： charmaine Jan Li Toh Chang Liu Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Molly Tzu Yu Lin Louis Tong Yu-Chi Liu Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or *** formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerves,such as following corneal pathology or corneal or intraocular surge ***,denervated areas of sensory nerve fibers become invaded by sprouts of intact sensory nerve fibers,and later injured axons regenerate and new sprouts called neuromas *** recent years,analysis of corneal nerve abnormalities including corneal neuromas which can be identified using in vivo confocal microscopy,a non-invasive imaging technique with microscopic resolution,has been used to evaluate corneal neuropathy and ocular surface *** neuromas have been shown to be associated with clinical symptoms of discomfort and dryness of eyes,and are a promising surrogate biomarker for ocular surface diseases,such as neuropathic corneal pain,dry eye disease,diabetic corneal neuropathy,neurotrophic keratopathy,Sjogren's syndrome,bullous keratopathy,post-refra ctive surgery,and *** this review,we have summarized the current literature on the association between these ocular surface diseases and the presentation of corneal microneuromas,as well as elaborated on their pathogenesis,visualization via in vivo confocal microscopy,and utility in monitoring treatment *** current quantitative analysis on neuromas mainly relies on manual annotation and quantification,which is user-dependent and labor-intensive,future direction includes the development of artificial intelligence software to identify and quantify these potential imaging biomarkers in a more automated and sensitive manner,allowing it to be applied in clinical settings more *** imaging and molecular biomarkers may also help elucidate the associations between corneal neuromas and ocular surface diseases.

关键词： cornea corneal diseases corneal nerve corneal neuropathy in vivo confocal microscopy microneuroma neuroma ocular surface diseases

Novel and emerging diabetes mellitus drug therapies for the type 2 diabetes patient

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第3期5卷 305-315页

作者： charmaine D Rochester Oluwaranti Akiyode Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science Howard University College of Pharmacy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of deranged fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia as a result of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion. Although a wide variety of diabetes therapies is available, yet limited efficacy, adverse effects, cost, contraindications, renal dosage adjustments, inflexible dosing schedules and weight gain significantly limit their use. In addition, many patients in the United States fail to meet the therapeutic HbA1c goal of < 7% set by the American Diabetes Association. As such new and emerging diabetes therapies with different mechanisms of action hope to address some of these drawbacks to improve the patient with type 2 diabetes. This article reviews new and emerging classes, including the sodium-glucosecotransporter-2 inhibitors, 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors, glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors; protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors, G Protein-Coupled receptor agonists and glucokinase activators. These emerging diabetes agents hold the promise of providing benefit of glucose lowering, weight reduction, low hypoglycemia risk, improve insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β cell preservation, and oral formulation availability. However, further studies are needed to evaluate their safety profile, cardiovascular effects, and efficacy durability in order to determine their role in type 2 diabetes management.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Sodium dependent glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors 11β -Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors G protein-coupled receptor agonists Glucokinase activators

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Shanghai Organic

China International Business 2011年第5期 22-24页

作者： charmaine N. CLARKE

Five years and more than RMB 200 million （USD 30.4 million） after Tony Zhang decided to transform 29o acres of land near Pudong International Airport into Shanghais largest organic farm, his efforts have begun to pay off. After spending four years preparing the land to meet the standards needed to grow produce that＇s certified 100% organic,

关键词：有机化学上海浦东国际机场生产标准人民币美元土地农场

鉴定咖啡中决定咖啡因和绿原酸积累的MADS-Box基因

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鉴定咖啡中决定咖啡因和绿原酸积累的MADS-Box基因

作者： charmaine NTINI 中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉植物园)

学位级别：硕士

咖啡是世界上消费最广泛的饮料,也是仅次于石油的第二大国际贸易商品。咖啡品质是一个复杂性状,与果实发育过程中各种风味组分的积累密切相关。本研究鉴定了咖啡MADS-box基因家族中MIKCc类型成员并对其表达进行了分析。经过系统发育分析... 详细信息

咖啡是世界上消费最广泛的饮料,也是仅次于石油的第二大国际贸易商品。咖啡品质是一个复杂性状,与果实发育过程中各种风味组分的积累密切相关。本研究鉴定了咖啡MADS-box基因家族中MIKCc类型成员并对其表达进行了分析。经过系统发育分析,共鉴定出29个MIKCc型MADS-box基因。在此基础上,结合转录组分析以及前人报道的MADS-box基因在调节次级代谢产物中作用研究,进一步选择了三个MIKCc型MADS-box基因(Cc AG2、Cc FUL和Cc AGL8)对其功能进行了分析。这三个基因在咖啡叶片和种子中均成功实现了瞬时过表达,并用光谱法测定了咖啡因和绿原酸的含量,以评估这些基因在这些次生代谢产物调控中的作用。病毒诱导的基因沉默(VIGS)技术也用于了叶片瞬时转基因研究。结果表明,Cc AG2在咖啡叶片和种子中过表达抑制咖啡因和绿原酸的合成,而Cc FUL和Cc AGL8过表达促进咖啡因和绿原酸的积累。同时,在叶片中瞬时沉默Cc AG2的表达导致咖啡因和绿原酸含量的增加,而叶片中瞬时沉默Cc FUL和Cc AGL8的表达叶片降低咖啡因和绿原酸的积累。这些结果表明,MADS-Box基因Cc AG2、Cc FUL和Cc AGL8参与咖啡因和绿原酸合成的调控。该研究为咖啡品质遗传改良提供了理论和技术支撑。

关键词：咖啡 MADS-Box转录因咖啡因绿原酸果实品质

Improvement of Information Flow in the Construction Supply Chain

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Improvement of Information Flow in the Construction Supply C...

作者： Veronica charmaine Chua 华北电力大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

In automotive and manufacturing industries, Lean principle has been widely recognized and adopted with the main purpose of improving supply chain management and performance through waste reduction. Nowadays, it is applied in the construction industry as a means to improve its overall project supply chain and performance as well. However, various researches proved that merely physical waste reduction is no longer sufficient as efficient information flow is the key and lifeblood to the success in this information technology digital era. This opens up an idea that for a construction company to be competitive enough, it depends on the adoption and effective application of digitalization in construction supply chain in terms of information flow. The main objective of this paper is to achieve lean construction supply chain through digitalization of construction supply chain’s information flow. In order to achieve this, the process requires real-time information sharing among all the participants from centralized information source of the supply chain, thus, the author aims to present a theoretical digitalization process of the information flow on general contractor’s level in lieu with this idea. The digitalization of information flow is critically essential to the enhancement of the current supply chain network of the construction. When there is an increase in the effectiveness and accuracy of information transfer involved in the construction information supply chain, various costs due to errors, delays and rework are greatly reduced through the digitalization. In order to become knowledgeable of typical work process in the supply chain and to choose the appropriate value stream or process for the completion of the work models for the paper, the author conducts an on-site semi-structured interview in a building construction site in the Philippines, which serves as the case study. In addition to that, value stream mapping （VSM） is used to outline the processes, to simplif

关键词： Lean Digitalization Construction Supply Chain Information Flow Value Stream Mapping