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Thermodynamic Foundation for High Temperature electrochemistry

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 494-500页

作者： ZHANG W. e. A. charles J. Congleton Corrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK NE1 7RU UKNE1 7RU UK

Thermodynamic concepts required for the thermodynamic calculation of the potentials of electrodes for high temperature applications are briefly reviewed. A thermodynamic approach to the calculation of half cell potentials and the standard chemical potential of an electron at high temperatures which are related to the Standard Hydrogen electrode(SHe) is discussed. As examples, an external Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a YSZ(Ag|O_2) pH sensor for high temperature applications are analyzed by using the thermodynamic approach to derive a high temperature pH measurement equation. The two electrodes are employed to measure high temperature pH and the measured pH was compared with the calculated pH by using a solution chemistry method. Concepts and principles for electrode kinetics are also briefly introduced and a modification to the Tafel equations is suggested.

关键词： High temperature potential Half cell potential external Ag/AgCl reference electrode Standard chemical potential of an electron High temperature pH sensor.

Parastomal hernia repair

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 402-412页

作者： Jeffrey Michael Smith Sahil K.Kapur Alexander F.Mericli Donald P.Baumann charles.e.Butler Department of Plastic Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Surgery Division of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555USA

Despite significant advances in abdominal wall reconstruction,parastomal hernias remain a complex problem,with a high risk of recurrence following *** a number of surgical hernia repair techniques have been proposed,there is no consensus on optimal *** clinical variables must be considered when developing a comprehensive repair plan that minimizes the likelihood of hernia recurrence and surgical site *** this review,we describe the incidence of parastomal hernias and discuss pertinent risk factors,medical history findings,physical examination findings,supplementary diagnostic modalities,parastomal hernia classification systems,surgical indications,and repair *** consideration is given to the discussion of mesh reinforcement,including available biomaterials,anatomic plane selection,and the extent of mesh *** open repairs are the primary focus of this article,minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic approaches are also briefly *** is our hope that the provided surgical outcome data will help guide surgical management and optimize outcomes for affected patients.

关键词： Abdominal wall reconstruction parastomal hernia stoma biologic mesh synthetic mesh polypropylene acellular dermal matrix

Tensile Strength Characteristics of GFRP Bars in Concrete Beams with Work Cracks under Sustained Loading and Severe environments

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2013年第5期28卷 934-937页

作者：何雄君 YANG Jingnan charles.e.Bakis School of Transportation Wuhan University of Technology Department of engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park

To investigate the effect of different environmental conditions of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks subjected to sustained loads, the beams were exposed in indoor, freeze/thaw cycles and immersed in alkaline solution at elevated temperature. The bars were carefully extracted from the beams and tested in order to evaluate residual tensile properties. The results show that the tensile strength decreased significantly in the highly aggressive conditions but not in the natural conditions. The effect of GFRP bars casting in concrete beams demonstrated approximately 2.5% decrease of tensile strength caused by pore water environment in concrete beams on basis of those of the original bars. The effect of sustained loading plus work cracks demonstrated about 10.5% tensile strength decrease on basis of those of the bars only casted in concrete beams. The effect of environments under sustained loading plus work cracks demonstrated about 17% tensile strength decrease caused by a saturated solution of Ca（OH）2 and 60-2 ℃ tap water （pH=12-13） and about 8% tensile strength decrease caused by freezing and thawing cycle （F/T）, both on basis of those of the bars of the indoor beams only under sustained loading plus work cracks. The results demonstrate the effects of the tensile strengths under different environmental conditions of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks subjected to sustained loads.

关键词： GFRP bars concrete beams working cracks sustained loading and severe environments tensile strength

Coordinated Control Architecture for Motion Management in ADAS Systems

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Ieee/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第2期5卷 432-444页

作者： Tzu-Chi Lin Siyuan Ji charles.e. Dickerson David Battersby the wolfson school of mechanical electrical and manufacturing engineeringloughborough universityLoughhoroughLE11 3TUUK jaguar land rover GaydonCV35 0RRUK ieee

Advanced driver assistance systems(ADAS) seek to provide drivers and passengers of automotive vehicles increased safety and comfort. Original equipment manufacturers are integrating and developing systems for distance keeping, lane keeping and changing and other functionalities. The modern automobile is a complex system of systems. How the functionalities of advanced driver assistance are implemented and coordinated across the systems of the vehicle is generally not made available to the wider research community by the developers and manufactures. This paper seeks to begin filling this gap by assembling open source physics models of the vehicle dynamics and ADAS command models. Additionally, in order to facilitate ADAS development and testing without having access to the details of ADAS, a coordinated control architecture for motion management is also proposed for distributing ADAS motion control commands over vehicle systems. The architecture is demonstrated in a case study where motion is coordinated between the steering and the braking systems, which are typically used only for a single functionality. The integrated vehicle and system dynamics using the coordinated control architecture are simulated for various driving tasks. It is seen that improved trajectory following can be achieved by the proposed coordinated control architecture. The models, simulations and control architecture are made available for open access.

关键词： Coordinated system feed-forward and feedback control integration control modeling and simulation tire modeling vehicle modeling vehicle dynamics control

International Update on Refractories in China

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China's Refractories 2019年第2期28卷 1-6页

作者： charles.e.SeMLeR the Faculty in Ceramic engineering and Refractories Research Center at Ohio State University

Hangzhou,China,which is among the 15 largest cities in China,with an urban population of more than 7 million people,was the site of the Conference on Refractories International(CRI-18),October 17-19,*** Hangzhou,there is beautiful scenery with West Lake,and an impressive skyline,with many sky-scrapers(see Figure 1).In China,people know that:'In heaven there is Paradise,but on earth there is Hangzhou and Suzhou'.

关键词： International Update on Refractories in China MgO

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis: A review of clinicopathologic hallmarks and multimodal imaging manifestations

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第1期16卷 1-8页

作者： Bryce David Beutler Alastair e Moody Jerry Mathew Thomas Benjamin Phillip Sugar Mark B Ulanja Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng Lucas Anthony Tsikitas Department of Radiology University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033United States Department of Anesthesiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States Department of Internal Medicine Christus Ochsner St.Patrick HospitalLake CharlesLA 70601United States

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis(NMDARe)is a rare immune-mediated neuroinflammatory condition characterized by the rapid onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic *** mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood,but is thought to be related to antibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor with resultant downstream dysregulation of dopaminergic *** adults are most frequently affected;the median age at diagnosis is 21 *** is a strong female predilection with a female sex predominance of 4:*** often develops as a paraneoplastic process and is most commonly associated with ovarian ***,NMDARe has also been described in patients with small cell lung cancer,clear cell renal carcinoma,and other benign and malignant *** is based on correlation of the clinical presentation,electro-encephalography,laboratory studies,and *** tomography,positron emission tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging are essential to identify an underlying tumor,exclude clinicopathologic mimics,and predict the likelihood of long-term functional *** imaging may be of value for prognostication and to assess the response to *** may involve high-dose corticosteroids,intravenous immunoglobulin,and plasma ***,we review the hallmark clinicopathologic features and imaging findings of this rare but potentially devastating condition and summarize diagnostic criteria,treatment regimens,and proposed pathogenetic mechanisms.

关键词： Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis encephalitis Ovarian teratoma Paraneoplastic syndrome Teratoma

Porosity effects on Interlaminar Fracture Behavior in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2017年第2期8卷 170-187页

作者： Issa A. Hakim Steven L. Donaldson Norbert G. Meyendorf charles.e. browning Department of Mechanical & Aerospace engineering University of Dayton Dayton OH USA Fraunhofer-IKTS Berlin Germany Department of Mechanical engineering Omar Al-Mukhtar University El-Beida Libya Department of Civil & environment engineering & engineering Mechanics University of Dayton Dayton OH USA Department of Aerospace engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA Department of Chemical & Materials engineering University of Dayton Dayton OH USA

Fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials have become materials of choice for manufacturing application due to their high specific stiffness, strength and fatigue life, low density and thermal expansion coefficient. However, there are some types of defects such as porosity that form during the manufacturing processes of composites and alter their mechanical behavior and material properties. In his study, hand lay-up was conducted to fabricate samples of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites with three different vacuum levels in order to vary porosity content. Nondestructive evaluation, destructive techniques and mechanical testing were conducted. Nondestructive evaluation results showed the trend in percentages of porosity through-thickness. Serial sectioning images revealed significant details about the composite’s internal structure such as the volume, morphology and distribution of porosity. Mechanical testing results showed that porosity led to a decrease in both Mode I static interlaminar fracture toughness and Mode I cyclic strain energy release rate fatigue life. The fractographic micrographs showed that porosity content increased as the vacuum decreased, and it drew a relationship between fracture mechanisms and mechanical properties of the composite under different modes of loading as a result of the porosity effects. Finally, in order to accurately quantify porosity percentages included in the samples of different vacuum levels, a comparison was made between the parameters and percentages resulted from the nondestructive evaluation and mechanical testing and the features resulted from fractography and serial sectioning.

关键词： Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Nondestructive evaluation Porosity Fatigue Fracture Behavior Serial Sectioning

Machine learning-based spectral and spatial analysis of hyper-and multi-spectral leaf images for Dutch elm disease detection and resistance screening

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 26-34页

作者： Xing Wei Jinnuo Zhang Anna O.Conrad charles.e.Flower Cornelia C.Pinchot Nancy Hayes-Plazolles Ziling Chen Zhihang Song Songlin Fei Jian Jin Department of Agricultural and Biological engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationHardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration CenterWest LafayetteIN 47906United States USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationDelawareOH 43015United States Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States

Diseases caused by invasive pathogens are an increasing threat to forest health,and early and accurate disease detection is essential for timely and precision forest *** recent technological advancements in spectral imaging and artificial intelligence have opened up new possibilities for plant disease detection in both crops and *** this study,Dutch elm disease(DeD;caused by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi,)and American elm(Ulmus americana)was used as example pathosystem to evaluate the accuracy of two in-house developed high-precision portable hyper-and multi-spectral leaf imagers combined with machine learning as new tools for forest disease ***-and multi-spectral images were collected from leaves of American elm geno-types with varied disease susceptibilities after mock-inoculation and inoculation with ***-ulmi under green-house *** traditional machine learning and state-of-art deep learning models were built upon derived spectra and directly upon spectral image *** learning models that incorporate both spectral and spatial features of high-resolution spectral leaf images have better performance than traditional machine learning models built upon spectral features alone in detecting *** and symptomatic spots on the leaves were highlighted in the deep learning model as important spatial features to distinguish leaves from inoculated and mock-inoculated *** addition,spectral and spatial feature patterns identified in the machine learning-based models were found relative to the DeD susceptibility of elm *** further studies are needed to assess applications in other pathosystems,hyper-and multi-spectral leaf imagers combined with machine learning show potential as new tools for disease phenotyping in trees.

关键词： American elm Dutch elm disease Hyperspectral imaging Multispectral imaging Support vector machine Convolution neural network Disease phenotyping Digital forestry

estimation of alfalfa fall dormancy using spaced plant and sward trials across multiple environments

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Grassland Research 2023年第1期2卷 15-21页

作者： Scott A.Newell Daniel J.Undersander Donald Viands Julie Hansen Steve Orloff Daniel H.Putnam e.charles Brummer Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCaliforniaUSA Department of Agronomy University of WisconsinMadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Plant Breeding&Genetics Section School of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA Univeristy of California Cooperative extension YrekaCaliforniaUSA

Background:Alfalfa is a globally important forage *** are characterized by fall dormancy(FD).FD affects biomass yield and winter survival and is used to identify appropriate growing regions of *** has historically been assessed by measuring the natural height of regrowth in autumn of spaced plants in the *** commercial alfalfa is normally grown as a solid planted sward,FD could be different if plants were grown under real production *** objective of this experiment was to assess whether FD ratings obtained from swards were similar to those obtained on spaced ***:We evaluated 20 alfalfa cultivars in field trials established in 2015 at five locations in the United *** harvested the trials in early autumn and measured regrowth plant height approximately 3 weeks later in 2015 and ***:Autumn plant height responded as expected for the established check cultivars in all *** dormancy ratings for cultivars under both management systems were highly ***:estimating FD from spaced plant height measurements in autumn is very robust,and using height data from sward plots gives equivalent results to that measured in spaced plant *** finding has many practical advantages.

关键词： alfalfa fall dormancy lucerne Medicago sativa plant height