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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第2期11卷 201-213页

作者： Clyde Douglas Boyette Robert E.Hoagland charles t.bryson Mark A.Weaver Kenneth C.Stetina USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research UnitStonevilleMSUSA USDA-ARS Crop Production and Systems Research UnitStonevilleMSUSA

A mycelial formulation of the bioherbicidal fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar: Fr. (MV) was tested alone and in combination with a commercially available glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (GLY) product for controlling the invasive vines, redvine [Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners], and trumpet creeper [Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau] in field experiments conducted near Stoneville, MS. Several application timing regimens were evaluated (Fall, Spring, Fall + Spring, and Spring + Fall). We found that a Fall + Spring application of MV + GLY controlled redvine and trumpet creeper by 95%, 12 days after the second treatment, through a synergistic interaction of the fungus and glyphosate. Disease symptomatology was characterized by rapid necrosis of leaf and stem tissues, with mortality occurring within 72 h. Neither glyphosate alone, nor MV alone, effectively controlled either weed species under any application timing regimen. No visual disease or herbicide damage occurred on glyphosate-resistant soybean plants in the treated test plots. these results suggest that some formulations of glyphosate, mixed with the bioherbicide MV, can effectively control redvine and trumpet creeper, two of the most troublesome weeds in the row crops of the Mississippi Delta region in the mid-southern U.S.

关键词： Bioherbicide Interaction Mycelial Formulation Myrothecium verrucaria Campsis radicans Brunnichia ovata

Variation in 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Coding Sequences and Glyphosate Response among Cyperus rotundusL. Populations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第12期10卷 2366-2381页

作者： William t. Molin charles t. bryson Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-ARS 141 Experiment Station Rd Stoneville MS USA

the gene sequence encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), the enzymatic target site of the herbicide glyphosate, was determined for several purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) accessions from geographically distant locations and these were aligned to generate a consensus sequence. the EPSPS sequences each had single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) only a few of which were predicted to cause an amino acid change in the EPSP synthase. None had the proline to serine substitution or other substitutions responsible for glyphosate resistance reported in other species. A dendrogram generated from the cluster analysis of the EPSPS gene sequences indicated similarities between accessions from tanzania, Indonesia, California-2, Greece, Brazil, Argentina and Iran much like cluster analysis previously reported based on RAPD scores and morphological traits possibly indicating a common genetic background or origin. Considering the differences in EPSPS sequences, the response of these purple nutsedge accessions to 0.84 kg·ae·ha-1 of glyphosate was assessed to determine whether differential tolerance was present. At 7 days after the first application control ranged from 9% for the accession from Greece to 73% for the accession from tanzania. Control of these accessions increased to 45% and 93% respectively by 14 days after the second application. the I50’s for glyphosate inhibition of growth for four accessions from geographically distant countries (Mississippi, Brazil, Indonesia and tanzania) were 0.21, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.06 kg·ha-1, respectively, which represented a 4-fold difference. the difference in sensitivity to glyphosate may be a result of a non-target site mechanism such as differences in sequestration, translocation or cuticle thickness rather than alterations in EPSPS.

关键词： Purple Nutsedge Glyphosate tolerance Genetic Diversity 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate

Late-Season Grass Weed Management with In-Crop and Post-Harvest Herbicides in twin-Row Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 213-218页

作者： Krishna N. Reddy charles t. bryson Vijay K. Nandula Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville Mississippi USA

Emergence of grasses late in the season has become a problem in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean production in the southern US. A 3-yr field study was conducted from 2011 to 2013 at Stoneville, MS to determine efficacy of post-harvest and pyroxasulfone-based in-crop herbicides on late-season grasses and yield in twin-row glyphosate-resistant soybean. Experiments were conducted in a split-plot arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with fall herbicides (with and without pendimethalin at 1.12 kg ai ha-1 and paraquatat 0.84 kg ai ha-1) as main plots and in-crop herbicides as subplots with four replications. the six in-crop herbicide programs were: glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOSt) at 0.84 kg·aeha-1 followed by (fb) glyphosate late postemergence (LPOSt) at 0.84 kg·ha-1 with and without pyroxasulfone preemergence (PRE) applied at 0.18 kg ai ha-1, pyroxasulfone PRE fb glyphosate at 0.84 kg·ha-1 LPOSt or glyphosate at 0.84 kg·ha-1 + S-metolachlor at 1.68 kg ai ha-1 EPOSt, pyroxasulfone PRE fb S-meto- lachlor at 1.12 kg·ha-1 + fomesafen at 0.27 kg ai ha-1 EPOSt fb clethodim at 0.14 kg ai ha-1, and a no-herbicide control. Browntop millet, Digitaria spp., and junglerice densities at 2 weeks after LPOSt, grass weed dry biomass at harvest, and soybean yield were similar regardless of post- harvest herbicides in all three years. At 2 weeks after LPOSt, browntop millet, Digitaria spp. and junglerice densities were greatly reduced in all five in-crop herbicide treatments compared with no herbicide plot in all three years. Grass weed dry biomass in no-herbicide plots was 3346, 6136, and 6916 kg·ha-1 in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively and the five herbicide treatments reduced grass weed dry biomass by at least 87%, 84%, and 99% in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. Soybean yield was higher with all five in-crop herbicide treatments compared to no herbicide control in all three years. these results indicate that browntop millet, Digitaria sp

关键词： Browntop Millet Digitaria spp. Junglerice S-Metolachlor Pyroxasulfone Soybean twin-Row

Genetic Diversity among Geographically Separated Cyperus rotundusAccessions Based on RAPD Markers and Morphological Characteristics

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第11期10卷 2034-2046页

作者： William t. Molin Richard R. Kronfol Jeffery D. Ray Brian E. Scheffler charles t. bryson Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA Virginia Mason Medical Center Seattle WA USA Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA Genetics and Bioinformatics Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA

the diversity of globally distributed populations of purple nutsedge was assessed using molecular marker data and morphological traits. Cluster analysis of binary random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data and morphological traits indicated that the global population of purple nutsedge consisted of two clades. Cluster analysis of the RAPD data supported separation of the purple nutsedge accessions evaluated into two distinct clades of 11 and 33 accessions. Except for accessions identified as California* and Arizona, all USA accessions were clustered with accessions from taiwan, Western Samoa, New Zealand, Malaysia, Japan, El Salvador, Columbia, Australia, thailand and West Indies. A second cluster included accessions from Sudan, Greece, Iran, California*, Arizona, Brazil, Argentina, Mauritius, Philippines, Indonesia and tanzania. the accessions from Sudan, Greece, Iran, Mauritius, and tanzania were distributed along a similar longitudinal axis. Cluster analysis based on morphological traits though not identical to that based on RAPD data also supported separation into two clades and perhaps a third. the lack of genetic diversity among accessions supported the hypothesis that spread and propagation into new environments were largely by tubers which preserved genetic identity. the lack of diversity particularly among New World and USA accessions may also reflect a relatively recent introduction of the species into the Americas and a low level of outcrossing.

关键词： Purple Nutsedge RAPDs Genetic Diversity

Is routine measurement of international normalized ratio necessary as part of the investigation of patients with cardiac-type chest pain?

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第3期12卷 221-224页

作者： Samuel G.Campbell Kirk Magee Ismail Cajee Simon Field Michael B.Butler Christine L.Campbell Sarah E.bryson charles V.Keating Emergency and trauma Centre Queen Elizabeth II HSCHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 3A7Canada

Dear editor, Chest pain is a frequent complaint of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), and many of them are referred to the cardiology service for further investigation. At the charles V. Keating Emergency and trauma Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 4,800 (6.6%) of the approximately 73,000 patients per year register with a complaint of “chest pain”, and 20% of patients are referred to cardiology. Coagulation studies, specifi cally international normalized ratio (INR) frequently part of the “routine” panel of blood tests, are ordered for patients in the ED being investigated or treated for chest pain suspected to be cardiac in nature. Recent calls to examine how much of our practice is likely to benefit patients in any way have led us to question the clinical utility of routine use of these tests.

关键词： routine patients pain