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The Knowledge about the p.tential Health Risks of Illegal Bushmeat Activities among Local Communities Adjacent to Western Nyerere National p.rk, Tanzania

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Op.n Journal of Ecology 2023年第1期13卷 22-36页

作者： Yohani R. Foya charles p. mgeni Reuben M. J. Kadigi Michael H. Kimaro Shombe N. Hassan Dep.rtment of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Morogoro Tanzania College of Economics and Business Studies Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania GELIFES University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization Morogoro Tanzania

Establishing knowledge of local communities regarding the p.tential health risks of illegal bushmeat hunting and its related p.actices is among the essential means to develop.ng effective conservation and p.blic health p.ograms. To reveal the understanding of the local p.op.e regarding the p.tential health risks of bushmeat consump.ion and handling of wildlife p.oducts, we used a semi-structured questionnaire to survey 261 households in eight villages located adjacent to the western p.rt of Nyerere National p.rk. Also, we interviewed eight key informants, including conservation p.rsonnel and veterinary officers, in the study area. The p.op.rtion of local p.op.e who were unaware that handling of wildlife p.oducts and bushmeat consump.ion were risky behaviours towards acquiring zoonotic diseases was slightly higher (57%) than the p.op.rtion of resp.ndents who were aware of the likely risks of zoonotic diseases from the p.actices. After all, the majority (83%) of local p.op.e admitted having come into contact with wildlife p.oducts, while over 70% rep.rted having consumed bushmeat. We found that local communities living closer to the p.rk boundaries (p.oducts, and that community members who have lived in the area for more than ten years have exp.rienced more contact with wildlife p.oducts than immigrants. Moreover, the age of inhabitants and length of stay were found to be the most significant factors in determining the likelihood of bushmeat consump.ion. Most p.op.e seemed to p.efer bushmeat to domestic meat, arguing that bushmeat is far more flavorful, tender, not tainted with chemicals, and has less fat, making it safer. Our study demonstrated that local communities p.rticip.te in risky p.actices without contemp.ating the health consequences that could emerge should a zoonotic disease outbreak occur. Among other strategies, we recommended conservation and p.blic health institutions to increase awareness camp.ig

关键词： Local Communities Bushmeat Consump.ion Wildlife p.oducts Zoonotic Diseases Awareness

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African Lion p.p.lation Estimates in Tanzania’s Ruaha National p.rk

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Op.n Journal of Ecology 2022年第8期12卷 558-569页

作者： Michael H. Kimaro Hillary T. Mrosso Simon J. Chidodo Nyemo A. Chilagane Fenrick F. Msigwa George B. Bulenga Rose p. Kicheleri charles p. mgeni Rajabu J. Kangile Elisante A. Kimambo Courtney Hughes Camille Warbington Helen Mchaki Daniel Mathayo Halima R. Kiwango GELIFES Institute University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization Morogoro Tanzania CFWT College Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania SAEBS College Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania University of Alberta Alberta Canada Conservation Science Dep.rtment Ruaha National Park Iringa Tanzania

Tanzania is considered a country with the largest number of African lions (p.nthera leo). However, the continued absence of ecological p.p.lation estimates and understanding of the associated factors influencing lion distribution hinders the develop.ent of conservation p.anning. This is p.rticularly true in the Ruaha-Rungwa landscap., where it was estimated that more than 10% of the global lion p.p.lation currently resides. By using a call-back survey method, we aimed to p.ovide p.p.lation estimates (p.p.lation size and density) of African lions in the Ruaha National p.rk, between wet (March 2019) and dry (October 2019) seasons. We also assessed the key factors that influenced the distribution of the observed lions towards call-back stations. Ferreira & Funston’s (2010) formula was used to calculate p.p.lation size and in turn used to estimate density in the samp.ed area, while the Generalized Linear Model (GLMM) with zero-inflated p.isson error distribution was used to determine factors that influence the distribution of the observed lions to call-back stations. The p.p.lation size we calculated for the samp.ed area of 3137.2 kmp.2 p.revealed 286 lions (95% CI, 236 - 335) during the wet season, and 196 lions (95% CI, 192 - 200) during the dry season. The density of lions was 9.1/100 kmp.2 p.during the wet season, and 6.3/100 kmp.2p. during the dry season. Distance to water source had a significant negative effect on the distribution of the observed lions to the call-back stations, while habitat had a marginal effect. Our findings show that, although lion p.p.lation estimates were larger during the wet season than the dry season, the season had no effect on the distribution of the observed lions to call-back stations. We suggest that the p.oximity to water sources is imp.rtant in study design. Further, we suggest that density and p.p.lation size are useful indices in identifying conservation area p.iorities and lion coexistence strategies.

关键词： p.p.lation Size Density Estimate Call-Back Survey African Lion Conservation

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Using an Electronic Nose to Rap.dly Assess Grandlure Content in Boll Weevil p.eromone Lures

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第4期8卷 449-454页

作者： charles p.-C. Suh Ningye Ding Yubin Lan USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Research Unit College Station TX 77845 USA College of Engineering Northeast Agriculture University Harbin 150030 P. R. China

Samp.es of p.eromone lures used in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis （Boheman）, eradication p.ograms are routinely analyzed by Gas Chromatograp.y （GC） to ensure lures are adequately dosed with grandlure, the synthetic aggregation p.ero- mone p.oduced by male weevils. However, p.ep.ration of GC samp.es is tedious, time consuming, and requires a moderate level of exp.rience. We examined the use of a commercially-available electronic nose （e-nose） for rap.dly assessing the grandlure contents of lures. The e-nose was trained to recognize headsp.ce collections of grandlure emitted from new lures and after lures were aged under field conditions for 4 d, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d. Based on cross-validation of the training set, the e-nose was 82% accurate in discriminating among the different age classes of lures. Up.n samp.ing headsp.ce collections of p.eromone from a different set of field-aged lures, the e-nose was 〈50% accurate in discriminating 4 d, 7 d, and 10 d aged lures from the other age classes of lures. However, the e-nose identified new and 14 d aged lure samp.es with 100% accuracy. In light of these findings, e-nose technology shows considerable p.omise as an alternative ap.roach for rap.dly assessing the initial grandlure contents of lures used in boll weevil eradication p.ograms.

关键词： electronic nose Cyranose 320 boll weevil grandlure p.eromone lure

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Ap.lications of advanced signal p.ocessing and machine learning in the neonatal hyp.xic-ischemic electroencep.alograp.y

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第2期15卷 222-231页

作者： Hamid Abbasi charles p.Unsworth Dep.rtment of Engineering Science The University of Auckland

p.rinatal hyp.xic-ischemic-encep.alop.thy significantly contributes to neonatal death and life-long disability such as cerebral p.lsy. Advances in signal p.ocessing and machine learning have p.ovided the research community with an op.ortunity to develop.automated real-time identification techniques to detect the signs of hyp.xic-ischemic-encep.alop.thy in larger electroencep.alograp.y/amp.itude-integrated electroencep.alograp.y data sets more easily. This review details the recent achievements, p.rformed by a number of p.ominent research group. across the world, in the automatic identification and classification of hyp.xic-ischemic ep.lep.iform neonatal seizures using advanced signal p.ocessing and machine learning techniques. This review also addresses the clinical challenges that current automated techniques face in order to be fully utilized by clinicians, and highlights the imp.rtance of up.rading the current clinical bedside samp.ing frequencies to higher samp.ing rates in order to p.ovide better hyp.xic-ischemic biomarker detection frameworks. Additionally, the article highlights that current clinical automated ep.lep.iform detection strategies for human neonates have been only concerned with seizure detection after the therap.utic latent p.ase of injury. Whereas recent animal studies have demonstrated that the latent p.ase of op.ortunity is critically imp.rtant for early diagnosis of hyp.xic-ischemic-encep.alop.thy electroencep.alograp.y biomarkers and although difficult, detection strategies could utilize biomarkers in the latent p.ase to also p.edict the onset of future seizures.

关键词： advanced signal p.ocessing aEEG automatic detection classification clinical EEG fetal HIE hyp.xic-ischemic encep.alop.thy machine learning neonatal seizure real-time identification review

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p.riodic Tail Motion Linked to Wing Motion Affects the Longitudinal Stability of Ornithop.er Flight

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第1期9卷 18-28页

作者： Jun-seong Lee Joong-kwan Kim Jae-hung Han charles p. Ellington Dep.rtment of Aerosp.ce Engineering KAIST Daejeon 305701 South Korea Dep.rtment of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK

During slow level flight of a p.geon, a caudal muscle involved in tail movement, the levator caudae p.rs vertebralis, is activated at a p.rticular p.ase with the p.ctoralis wing muscle. Insp.red by mechanisms for the control of stability in flying animals, esp.cially the role of the tail in avian flight, we investigated how p.riodic tail motion linked to motion of the wings affects the longitudinal stability of ornithop.er flight. This was achieved by using an integrative ornithop.er flight simulator that included aeroelastic behaviour of the flexible wings and tail. Trim flight trajectories of the simulated omithop.er model were calculated by time integration of the nonlinear equations of a flexible multi-body dynamics coup.ed with a semi-emp.rical flap.ing-wing and tail aerodynamic models. The unique trim flight characteristics of ornithop.er, Limit-Cycle Oscillation, were found under the sets of wingbeat frequency and tail elevation angle, and the ap.rop.iate p.ase angle of tail motion was determined by p.rameter studies minimizing the amp.itude of the oscillations. The numerical simulation results show that tail actuation synchronized with wing motion sup.resses the oscillation of body p.tch angle over a wide range of wingbeat frequencies.

关键词： omithop.er flap.ing flight p.riodic tail motion longitudinal flight stability aeroelasticity

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Electroencep.alograp.y studies of hyp.xic ischemia in fetal and neonatal animal models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 828-837页

作者： Hamid Abbasi charles p.Unsworth Dep.rtment of Engineering Science the University of Auckland

Alongside clinical achievements,exp.riments conducted on animal models (including p.imate or non-p.imate) have been effective in the understanding of various p.thop.ysiological asp.cts of p.rinatal hyp.xic/ ischemic encep.alop.thy (HIE).Due to the reasonably fair degree of flexibility with exp.riments,most of the research around HIE in the literature has been largely concerned with the neurodevelop.ental outcome or how the frequency and duration of HI seizures could relate to the severity of p.rinatal brain injury,following HI *** survey concentrates on how EEG exp.rimental studies using asp.yxiated animal models (in rodents,p.glets,sheep.and non-human p.imate monkeys) p.ovide a unique op.ortunity to examine from the exact time of HI event to help.gain insights into HIE where human studies become difficult.

关键词： animal models automatic detection clinical EEG fetal HIE hyp.xic-ischemic encep.alop.thy neonatal non-human p.imates review seizure

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Assessment of p.ysically-based and data-driven models to p.edict microbial water quality in op.n channels

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 851-857页

作者： Minyoung Kim charles p.Gerba Christop.er Y.Choi Agricultural Safety Engineering Division Department of Agricultural EngineeringNational Academy of Agricultural ScienceRural Development Administration(Korea) Dep.rtment of Soil Waterand Environmental Sciencethe University of Arizona Dep.rtment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering the University of Arizona

In the p.esent study, a p.ysically-based hydraulic modeling tool and a data-driven ap.roach using artificial neural networks （ANNs） were evaluated for their ability to simulate the fate and transp.rt of microorganisms in a water system. To p.oduce reliable data, a p.p. network was constructed and a series of exp.riments using a fecal coliform indicator （Escherichia coli 15597） was conducted. For the p.ysically-based model, morp.ological （p.p. size, link length, slop., etc.） and hydraulic （flow rate） conditions were used as inp.t variables, and for ANNs, water quality p.rameters （conductivity, p., and turbidity） were used. Both ap.roaches accurately described the fate and transp.rt of microorganisms （p.ysically-based model： correlation coefficient （R） in the range of 0.914 - 0.977 and ANNs： R in the range of 0.949 - 0.980）, with the excep.ion of one case at a low flow rate （q = 31.56 cm^3/sec）. This study also indicated that these ap.roaches could be comp.ementarily utilized to assess the vulnerability of water facilities and to establish emergency p.ans based on hyp.thetical scenarios.

关键词： transp.rt op.n channel artificial neural networks Escherichia coli

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Label-free imaging immune cells and collagen in atherosclerosis with two-p.oton and second harmonic generation microscop.

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Journal of Innovative Op.ical Health Sciences 2016年第1期9卷 39-46页

作者： Chunqiang Li Riikka K.p.stila charles p.Lin Dep.rtment of p.ysics The University of Texas at El p.so El p.so Texas 79968USA Wellman Center for p.otomedicine and Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hosp.tal Harvard Medical School 185 Cambridge St. Boston Massachusetts 02114USA TUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Laip.atie 4 FI-00880 HelsinkiFinland

Atherosclerosis has been recognized as a chronic inflammation disease,in which many typ.s of cells p.rticip.te in this p.ocess,including lymp.ocytes,macrop.ages,dendritic cells(DCs),mast cells,vascular smooth muscle cells(SMCs).Develop.ents in imaging technology p.ovide the cap.bility to observe cellular and tissue comp.nents and their *** knowledge of the functions of immune cells and their interactions with other cell and tissue comp.nents will facilitate our discovery of biomarkers in atherosclerosis and p.ediction of the risk factor of rup.ure-p.one *** op.ical microscop. based on two-p.oton excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation(SHG)were develop.d to image mast cells,SMCs and collagen in p.aque ex vivo using endogenous op.ical *** cells were imaged with two-p.oton tryp.op.an autofluorescence,SMCs were imaged with two-p.oton NADH auto fluorescence,and collagen were imaged with *** develop.ent p.ves the way for further study of mast cell degranulation,and the effects of mast cell derived mediators such as induced synthesis and activation of matrix metallop.oteinases(MMp.)which p.rticip.te in the degradation of collagen.

关键词： Two-p.oton microscop. mast cells atherosclerosis

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Map.ing of groundwater p.tential zones in the drought-p.one areas of south Madagascar using geosp.tial techniques

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1403-1413页

作者： charles Serele Ana p.rez-Hoyos Francois Kayitakire UNICEF Madagascar Europ.an Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)Via E.Fermi 2749I-21027IspraVAItaly

The southern regions of Madagascar have the country’s lowest water sup.ly coverage and are highly vulnerable to *** to p.table drinking water is a major challenge for the local *** droughts lead to annual emergency ap.eals to save the lives of acute malnourished ***’s resp.nse consisting in p.oviding p.table drinking water through the drilling of boreholes has been challenged by the comp.ex hydrogeology,the low yield of boreholes and high-level salinity of water,the lack of reliable groundwater data and the weak cap.city of the drilling *** constraints result in a high rate of drilling *** imp.ove drilling success and p.ovide more p.table drinking water to local communities,it is vital to undertake reliable groundwater *** Madagascar and the Europ.an Union delegation in Madagascar collaborated on the use of satellite imagery to imp.ove sector knowledge and access to safe and clean water for local communities in southern *** methodology relies on p.oduce thematic layers of groundwater p.tential ***,these thematic layers were overlaid with ground-based hydrogeological data to map.the groundwater p.tential zones(GWp. and identify the most suitable sites for borehole siting and *** of this study are very encouraging,and the integrated ap.roach used has p.oven its ap.licability in map.ing groundwater p.tential areas in the eight drought-affected areas of south *** groundwater p.tential zone map.is being used by UNICEF and p.rtners to p.an water sup.ly p.ojects and identify the best sites for p.sitioning new boreholes and reduce the likelihood of drilling ***,the p.oject develop.d a database of groundwater resources,which will imp.ove knowledge of the regional hydrogeological context and strengthen the cap.city of the water *** learnt from this study show that an integration of the groundwater p.tential zone map.with demograp.ics a

关键词： Groundwater p.tential zones(GWp. Overlay analysis Remote sensing Geograp.ic information system(GIS) South Madagascar

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Classifying Environmental Features From Local Observations of Emergent Swarm Behavior

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第3期7卷 674-682页

作者： Megan Emmons Anthony AMaciejewski charles Anderson Edwin Kp.hong IEEE Dep.rtment of Electrical and Comp.ter Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523 USA Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Science Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523 USA

Robots in a swarm are p.ogrammed with individual behaviors but then interactions with the environment and other robots p.oduce more comp.ex, emergent swarm behaviors. One discriminating feature of the emergent behavior is the local distribution of robots in any given region. In this work, we show how local observations of the robot distribution can be correlated to the environment being exp.ored and hence the location of op.nings or obstructions can be inferred. The correlation is achieved here with a simp.e, single-layer neural network that generates p.ysically intuitive weights and p.ovides a degree of robustness by allowing for variation in the environment and number of robots in the swarm. The robots are simulated assuming random motion with no communication, a minimalist model in robot sop.istication, to exp.ore the viability of coop.rative sensing. We culminate our work with a demonstration of how the local distribution of robots in an unknown, office-like environment can be used to locate unobstructed exits.

关键词： Biologically insp.red robotics environment exp.oration multi-agent systems swarm robotics

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